王洼103-1号水文地质钻孔极其复杂事故的处理

王洼103-1号水文地质钻孔施工过程中出现沉砂卡钻,在处理卡钻事故过程中又使套铣筒也被卡在钻孔内,强力起拔套铣筒,造成断裂,且断口不平整、倾斜靠边,形成了极其复杂的孔内事故。事故原因是泥浆中含沙量过大所致。另外处理钻铤卡钻时下入的表层套管直径偏小,也给后期处理事故造成了很大困难。根据孔内事故特点,制定了先起拔表层套管,更换大直径表套,再套反套铣筒、钻铤的处理方案。为此专门设计制作了起拔表层套管钻进的主动钻进钻杆、钻头;设计加工了加长套铣筒、扶正事故套铣筒的扶正工具等,及时成功处理好了本次超复杂卡钻事故。本文详细论述了钻孔事故的处理过程及措施,总结了事故教训和处理经验,对于处理类似卡钻事故具有指导和借鉴意义。     

半合管钻探工艺在滇东南建水普雄稀土矿床勘查中的应用

滇东南建水普雄稀土矿是一个超大型风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床,矿体赋存于长岭岗碱性岩体的全风化层和半风化层中。不同于花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿,该矿品位高,厚度大,用一般的浅井和赣南钻等取样工程无法揭穿稀土矿体。本文介绍了建水普雄矿区用半合管钻探工艺和浅井工程在相邻位置的施工情况。根据相同的取样层位和样品长度,对比了矿体的品位变化情况,利用品位的相对误差和正负偏差进行了统计,结果表明,单一对应样品品位相对误差合格率为100%;品位<0.07%的正偏差样品占样品总数的78.57%,负偏差样品占样品总数的21.43%;品位≥0.07%的正偏差样品占样品总数的52.17%,负偏差样品占样品总数的47.83%,正负偏差在可控范围内;单工程平均品位相对误差合格率为100%。说明半合管钻探工艺能够有效地应用于风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿勘查,实现资源评价。     

Chronology of the Paleolithic site of Xibaimaying in the Nihewan Basin,North China,inferred from optical dating of fine-grained quartz

The Paleolithic site of Xibaimaying (XBMY), once considered the youngest flake tool site within the Nihewan Basin, North China, is an ideal archive to study the chronological relationship between flake tool and microblade industries in the Nihewan Basin during the Upper Palaeolithic, but the previous ages obtained for the site remain controversial. From 2015 to 2019, three areas at two archaeological localities (XBMY-I and XBMY-II) of the site were excavated, and well-preserved fossils and flake tools were unearthed. In this study, a total of 26 samples were collected from the three areas for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating using a single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol on fine-grained quartz. A shared ‘Standardized growth curve’ (SGC) for a section was constructed to reduce the time required for D_e estimation. The long-term weighted average water contents of the samples during their burial period were estimated based on the in-situ water contents of continuous samples from a nearby borehole. All the OSL ages were modelled via Bayesian statistics using the OxCal software, modifying the OSL ages with stratigraphic constraints in each section. The results show that the cultural layer bearing flake tool assemblages falls within the period of 122–36 ka, indicating that the flake tool industry of the Xibaimaying site is comparable to that of the Youfangbei (108–86 ka), Banjingzi (∼86 ka) and Xinmiaozhuang (75–63 ka) sites, rather than the youngest one in the Nihewan basin, which explains why the Xibaimaying site is characterized as pure flake tool culture without any ‘advanced’ trait. The OSL dating results also shed new light on the study of sedimentary processes in the Xibaimaying site area. The different deposition rates (0.01–1.61 mm/a) for the sediments at the three newly excavated areas imply complex geomorphologic processes in the site area.