矿产资源调查中自然重砂测量成果的重新应用——以河北蔚县地区为例

自然重砂测量是矿产勘查的重要手段之一。如何充分提取自然重砂测量数据所蕴涵的矿化信息,发挥其在矿产资源调查中的作用是一个现实问题。重矿物的被剥蚀、再沉积是自然重砂异常形成的重要过程。在充分考虑自然降水的汇集路径的前提下,以汇水区域边界确定范围是对自然重砂异常客观的解释。区域成矿模式研究、地球化学和人工重砂资料对自然重砂测量数据应用是重要的补充。笔者通过蔚县地区1∶20万自然重砂测量数据的分析,对其中有关全面认识异常、合理确定异常、勘查方法的综合应用、软件平台的使用及在矿产开发程度较高地区寻找未知资源的途径等方面做了一些探讨和尝试。     

用GPS资料对风云三号微波温度计资料进行绝对校准

微波温度计(Microwave Temperature Sounder,MWTS)亮温资料是由观测的地球视场、冷空和暖体的计数值通过两点非线性定标方法得到,这是一种相对的定标方式。本文利用全球定位系统(Global Position System,GPS)无线电掩星资料对2010年全年MWTS亮温资料进行了两种在轨绝对定标校准。一种是计算晴空海洋上MWTS通道2~4观测亮温减去辐射传输模式(Community Radiative Transfer Model,CRTM)模拟亮温在15个不同扫描角度的统计偏差;另一种是通过线性回归获得每个扫描角度MWTS观测亮温和模拟亮温的线性关系,然后对MWTS观测亮温值进行订正。本文通过比较订正前后的MWTS亮温值减去用美国国家环境预报中心(National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)全球预报场资料(Global Forecast System,GFS)模拟亮温的差的统计特征对以上两种定标方式的有效性进行了检验。结果表明,经过GPS无线电掩星资料对MWTS资料进行在轨绝对定标后,MWTS观测的全球偏差显著减小,标准差也有所减小,且MWTS亮温资料偏差随通道和季节的变化特征也得到有效地消除。     

Chemical and Sr isotopic characterization of North America uranium ores: Nuclear forensic applications

This study reports major, minor, and trace element data and Sr isotope ratios for 11 uranium ore (uraninite, UO_2+x) samples and one processed uranium ore concentrate (UOC) from various U.S. deposits. The uraninite investigated represent ores formed via different modes of mineralization (e.g., high- and low-temperature) and within various geological contexts, which include magmatic pegmatites, metamorphic rocks, sandstone-hosted, and roll front deposits. In situ trace element data obtained by laser ablation-ICP-MS and bulk sample Sr isotopic ratios for uraninite samples investigated here indicate distinct signatures that are highly dependent on the mode of mineralization and host rock geology. Relative to their high-temperature counterparts, low-temperature uranium ores record high U/Th ratios (>1000), low total rare earth element (REE) abundances (<1 wt%), high contents (>300 ppm) of first row transition metals (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni), and radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (>0.7200). Comparison of chondrite normalized REE patterns between uraninite and corresponding processed UOC from the same locality indicates identical patterns at different absolute concentrations. This result ultimately confirms the importance of establishing geochemical signatures of raw, uranium ore materials for attribution purposes in the forensic analysis of intercepted nuclear materials.     

广西某难选冶银矿提银工艺研究

高砷高硫银矿有害杂质含量高 ,矿物成份复杂 ,直接氰化浸出率不到 2 0 %,属难选冶银矿。采用固化焙烧—氰化提银工艺 ,银浸出率可达 95 %以上。焙烧产生的As2 O3 、SO2 能以其盐的形式固定于焙砂中 ,不造成环境污染。     

Water Intake and Utilization in Mithun (Bos frontalis):Effect of Environmental Temperature, Rearing System and Concentrate Feed Supplement

Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun (Bos frontalis)-a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region (NEHR) of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns (B. frontalis) as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems (free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation), and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation (1.0 kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet) and in two different seasons (summer and winter). It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption (per unit of body weight) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption (drinking as well as performed water) was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly (P<0.01) increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33～46% of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8% of body weight. It could, therefore, be inferred that water intake by mithun varied with seasons, rearing systems and dry feed consumption. As far as the water nutrition is concerned, it is needed to give an attention while feeding mithun in summer with dry feed supplementation under semi-intensive system of rearing.     

波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定锌精矿中主次量成分

采用湿法化学预氧化法结合高温熔融制样,波长色散-X射线荧光光谱法测定锌精矿中铜、硅、镁、锌、铝、铁、硫、铅、钙、砷、钾、镉、锰等主次量元素。通过对锌精矿样品的湿法化学预氧化处理(0.3 g样品+1 g硝酸锂+0.5 mL过氧化氢在铂金合金坩埚中混匀),能够增加样品的使用量,提高了熔片中待测微量元素的X射线荧光光谱强度。采用四硼酸锂熔剂高温熔融制样,降低了元素间的基体效应。针对硫化精矿的灼烧增量现象,提出了灼烧增量的计算方法及校正方法。对于无法使用灼烧增量进行校正的软件,提出将实际样品灼烧增量转换为虚拟样品灼烧失量的方法。用理论α系数和经验系数相结合的方法校正元素间的效应。测定锌精矿各组分(除镉以外)的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)均小于3%,方法检出限为6.55～111.24μg/g,测定值与化学分析法结果吻合。     

甘肃岷县章（哈寨）—包（家沟）金矿矿石组分含金性研究

甘肃省岷县章（哈寨）—包（家沟）金矿矿石样品化学分析测试结果,经多次内检发现部分样品Au的分析结果误差较大,推测样品中可能有较大颗粒明金存在。为此,采用简易人工重砂方法对矿区两种类型金矿石进行了矿物分离,再分别进行含金性研究,找出样品分析化验结果跳跃误差的原因,探求更为适宜的分析测试方法。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定金属硫化矿中的稀散元素

铜精矿、镍精矿和锌精矿是金属硫化矿物,且为大宗进口商品,准确分析其中的稀散元素有利于矿物的综合利用。这类矿物中的稀散元素含量极低,各元素性质各异,尤其Ge和Se在湿法消解中由于挥发损失而无法准确定值,很难进行多种元素的同时测定,传统的方法需要通过预先分离富集,采用不同的仪器进行测定。本文以铜精矿、锌精矿和镍精矿为代表性硫化矿,采用微波消解对样品进行密闭前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定稀散元素含量,实现了多种元素的同时测定。条件实验表明在同时检测镓、锗、硒、镉、铟、碲、镧、铊的过程中,总固溶量、内标、质谱干扰消除的条件对三种金属硫化矿均一致,只是前处理过程中用酸的选择有些差异。硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢体系适合于测定镍精矿和锌精矿中的Ga、Ge、Se、Cd、In、Te、La、Tl和铜精矿中的Ga、Ge、Se、Cd、In、La、Tl,各元素的回收率在85.5%～116.6%之间;王水溶样法更适合测定铜精矿中的Te。