Mineralization by mantle fluids in the Miaoniuping REE deposit, Sichuan Province, China

The Miaoniuping REE deposit, Sichuan Province, China is the second largest primary LREE deposit which is a little smaller than the world's largest Bayan Obo REE deposit, Inner Mongolia, China. The REE mineralization is spatially and temporally associated with carbonatites and syenites. This deposit is characterized by its tectonic setting of deep faults, the accompanying mantle-derived magmatic activity, the multiple of wall-rock alteration, the moderately high temperature of formation, H₂O and CO₂ being the important components of the ore-forming fluids, and the mantle source for the ore-forming materials and fluids. These features evidenced that this deposit is the product of the mineralization by mantle fluids.     

Rare earth element transport and fractionation in small streams of a mixed basaltic–granitic catchment basin (Massif Central, France)

We present dissolved load (< 0.45 μm) rare earth element (REE) patterns of small streams from a catchment basin in the Massif Central in order to characterize the individual fractionation stages for the dissolved REE from the source to the catchment outlet. The upper part of the catchment is located on a basalt plateau, followed downstream by deep and narrow valleys with granitic and orthogneissic bedrock. Stream water has basalt-like REE patterns on the basaltic plateau close to the source, followed by a continuous depletion in light REE (La-Sm, LREE) downstream. Strontium and neodymium isotope ratios of stream water demonstrate that the dissolved REE are essentially of basaltic origin, even in the lower, granitic and gneissic part of the catchment. Mixing with gneiss or granite derived REE thus cannot explain the observed evolution of the REE patterns. There seems also to be no link with the calculated speciation of the dissolved REE. In contrast, a correlation between saturation indexes for hematite and La/Yb ratios suggests that REE fractionation is mainly controlled by precipitation of Fe-oxide particles that preferentially remove LREE from solution.     

川北江油—广元一带二叠系—三叠系界线粘土岩 稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

选择川北江油滚柴坡和广元上寺、杨家湾二叠系-三叠系界线剖面为研究对象．利用中子活化法分析了粘土岩样品中稀土元素的组成。通过对稀土元素丰度、标准配分模式和特征参数的比较研究,探讨了稀土元素地球化学与自然环境突变的关系。结果表明．各剖面的δEu、δce、∑LREE／∑HREE-∑REE、Eu／∑REE-∑LREE／∑HREE、球粒陨石标准化曲线图解和La—Th—Sc三元图解一致反映了界线事件的存在及界线时期稀土元素的地球化学特征与环境突变的关系。同时,通过对3条剖面稀土元素地球化学特征与标准剖面的对比研究,认为P／T（二叠系／三叠系）界线事件时期环境不仅受中酸性火山作用的影响,还可能受（碱性）基性-超基性或地外溅射物的影响。研究结果为从元素地球化学的角度探讨这一重要地质时期的灾变事件提供了新的资料。     

江西龙南花岗岩稀土风化壳中粘土矿物的研究

本区燕山早期花岗岩发育的风化壳中的粘土矿物以高岭石和埃洛石(7Å)为主;蒙脱石、三水铝石及其它为新查明矿物。据粘土矿物组合特征,自风化剖面深部到地表分为三个带:含蒙脱石带,高岭石和埃洛石(7Å)带,含三水铝石带。本文探讨了矿物在风化过程中的生成演化顺序,并进行了热力学的解释。据各带粘土物质的阳离子交换量与稀土含量变化的不一致关系认为,稀土在C带中的富集是化学风化的结果,与粘土矿物组合无关。     

6210铀矿田的花岗岩和矿化成因

6210铀矿田为花岗岩型铀矿床。多年来对该矿田的矿化及其围岩(打古寨岩体)的成因一直持有不同认识,因此作者在前人工作的基础上,对矿田进行Sr、S、O、C、Pb同位素研究,并结合REE的分布模式,以及黑云母和岩石的化学分析资料,对打古寨岩体和矿床的成因作了进一步探讨。工作结果认为该岩体为S型花岗岩,该矿田的矿化为岩浆热液成因,但在热液矿床形成之后,矿化经过地下水和地表水的改造。     

基于多时相卫星图像的稀土矿开发变化检测

利用研究区1999年ETM+和2005年SPOT图像对稀土矿区进行遥感变化检测。引入散点控制回归方法对图像进行辐射归一化处理,选用分类后对比检测法生成类别变化转移矩阵,确定了矿区面积增加的来源和新增矿区的分布范围,达到了预期效果。     

西南印度洋中脊热液产物稀土元素组成变化及其来源

对西南印度洋中脊热液区不同热液产物稀土元素(REE)进行了分析,探讨了热液产物形成过程中稀土元素组成变化及其来源。研究结果表明:不同热液产物稀土元素总量变化范围从3.47×10-7到4.80×10-5,轻重稀土比值(LREE/HREE)从2.06到6.16,表明轻重稀土有较大程度分异,δEu异常(δEu=0.86~3.88)和δCe异常(δCe=0.40~0.86)显示热液产物中REE呈Eu富集和Ce亏损特征。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式呈现两种类型:(1)呈轻微富集LREE的平坦模式,REE大于2×10-5;(2)呈显著富集LREE和正Eu异常模式,REE小于5×10-7。模式1类似于洋壳火山岩REE配分模式,而模式2与西南印度洋中脊黑烟囱REE模式相似,也与典型洋中脊热液喷口流体和硫化物LREE富集和正Eu异常模式类似。热液产物中稀土元素含量变化和模式特征以及Mg与LREE极强正相关关系可能反映了西南印度洋中脊硫化物形成在热液流体与海水混合沉淀的初始阶段,后期经历了广泛的热液流体再循环和海水蚀变过程。     

Seawater normalized REE patterns of dolomites in Geshan and Panlongdong sections,China: Implications for tracing dolomitization and diagenetic fluids

In conventional studies of tracing dolomitization and diagenetic fluids, REEs of dolomites were widely used as been normalized by PAAS, NASC or chondrite. However, most dolomites are formed in seawater or seawater-derived fluids. Thus, we conduct a new attempt to normalize the REEs of dolomite using seawater standard, based on case studies on 36 Triassic limestone–dolomite samples from the Geshan section of southeast China and 26 Permian–Triassic dolomite samples from the Panlongdong section of northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwest China.The Geshan seawater-normalized (SN) REE patterns are characterized by notable positive Ce_SN (average Ce_SN/Ce* = 6.823, SD = 0.192) and negative Pr_SN anomalies (average Pr_SN/Pr* = 0.310, SD = 0.010), and slightly negative Gd_SN anomalis (average Gd_SN/Gd* = 0.864, SD = 0.053), with no obvious Eu_SN anomaly (average Eu_SN/Eu* = 1.036, SD = 0.094). The signatures of REE patterns barely changed during the dolomitization process. For the REE compositions of the Panlongdong dolomite, it can be found that (1) the recrystallization process can result in varied total REE concentrations (between 7.16 ppm and 37.87 ppm), but do not alter the REE patterns, including consistent positive Ce_SN anomalies (average = 4.074, SD = 0.27) and LREE enrichment (average Nd_SN/Yb_SN = 3.164, SD = 0.787); (2) meteoric incursion can reverse Ce anomaly, from the strong positive Ce anomalies (Ce_SN/Ce* = 5.059) to slightly positive (Ce_SN/Ce* = 2.459) or even negative Ce anomalies; and (3) hydrothermal fluid altered REE pattern is complicated by fluctuated distribution curve, negative Ce anomaly and positive Eu anomaly (Eu_SN/Eu* = 1.862). These results suggest that the seawater normalized REE patterns of dolomite can serve as an index to study the source of the dolomitization fluids and distinguish complex diagenetic processes, providing a complement to previous works.     

宁芜地区梅山铁矿床矿物的电子探针分析和稀土元素地球化学特征

梅山铁矿床位于长江中下游成矿带宁芜盆地北段,矿体赋存于辉长闪长玢岩和下白垩统大王山组辉石安山岩的接触带。研究表明,梅山铁矿的石榴石以钙铁榴石为主,为钙铁-钙铝榴石系列,与传统意义矽卡岩矿床的石榴石组成相似;磁铁矿和赤铁矿具有斑岩铜矿和Kiruna型矿床的双重特征;赤铁矿和菱铁矿显示热液交代成因特征,但赤铁矿至少有2个成矿世代。成矿母岩辉长闪长玢岩、磁铁矿及磷灰石具有相似的稀土配分模式,暗示三者具有同源性。辉长闪长玢岩无Eu异常,代表了高氧逸度下岩浆的分离结晶作用;磁铁矿和磷灰石均具有中度负Eu异常,可能是在辉长闪长玢岩发生钠长石化的过程中,Eu以Eu2+形式在钠长石内富集,造成流体Eu亏损,后来生成的磷灰石和磁铁矿继承了流体的Eu含量特征,辉长闪长玢岩的钠长石化导致富Fe2+硅酸盐矿物淋滤铁元素进入流体,为矿床提供了铁物质。     

新疆西天山尼新塔格铁矿床地质特征与矿床成因

尼新塔格铁矿床所属的西天山阿吾拉勒成矿带赋存有多个中-大型铁矿,近年来这些铁矿床的成因类型以及它们之间的联系已成为该地区的一个研究热点。为了探讨尼新塔格铁矿床的矿床成因并进一步揭示其成矿过程,本文对该矿床进行了系统的矿物学、岩石学、岩相学及地球化学研究。工程勘探资料显示该矿床赋矿围岩主要为下石炭统大哈拉军山组玄武粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩及安山质火山碎屑岩。根据对围岩蚀变、矿石组构、矿物共生组合的观察,将矿床的形成过程划分为矿浆期和热液期两个主要成矿期。稀土、微量元素地球化学特征显示尼新塔格铁矿区内的矿石与熔岩围岩具有同源性。岩相学及地球化学研究表明,成矿物质主要来源于岛弧环境下形成的玄武质岩浆。综合以上特征,认为尼新塔格铁矿床是由石炭纪岛弧环境下形成的玄武质岩浆分异演化的产物,在成因类型上应属火山岩型岩浆-热液复合成因磁铁矿矿床。