一种面向地理信息系统的空间索引方法

空间检索技术是有交地管理和操纵空间数据的一种必要手段，本文分析了目前常用的空间检索方法在地理信息系统应用上的局限性，指出了一种基于凸多边形的空间索引技术，本文首衔介绍了目前常用的几类空间索引技术及其特点，接着讨论卫面向地理信息的空间索引技术面临的基本问题，提出了基于凸多边形的空间索引结构－CP－树，并侧重分析了其空间运算算法及时空效率，最后指出了空间索引技术所存在的问题及下一步的研究方向。     

利用R语言半自动化提取河流阶地——以米家山黄河阶地为例

构造活跃地区阶地的发育对于分析不同时间域下的构造变形或气候作用具有重要意义。因此,如何利用有效的定量方法提取和精细刻画这类地貌特征显得极为重要。R语言是一种集统计分析和图形显示于一体的优秀编程语言,目前已被广泛应用于医学、生物学等领域,但尚未应用于地质与地貌学领域。文中以海原断裂带景泰—哈思山段的米家山东侧保存较好的多级黄河河流阶地为研究目标,初步尝试基于R语言对Sf M技术获取的高精度地形数据进行分析和可视化,完成了对米家山黄河阶地的半自动提取,共划分出20级河流阶地,同时揭示出较年轻的阶地具有较好的连续性和延伸性,而较老阶地的连续性和延伸性则相对较差,且老阶地变形逐渐趋于明显,阶地年龄越老,其似半抛物线形态的翘曲越明显,反映了米家山东侧多级阶地形成后的不同演化历史。此次试验结果表明R语言有望成为高精度地形数据分析和可视化的有效工具。     

流花11-1油田礁灰岩油藏储层非均质性及剩余油分布规律

结合流花11-1油田的岩芯、测井、地震、开发动态等资料总结了礁灰岩油藏沉积、成岩及构造等因素造成的储层非均质特征,引入的储层非均质综合指数,可更快速、直观地揭示了剩余油的分布规律.分析了控制剩余油分布规律的地质因素和开发因素.根据储层非均质性的综合研究成果,指出了剩余油潜力区;在潜力区部署的侧钻井生产情况较好,研究成果得到了验证.该研究思路对类似油田储层非均质性的表征与剩余油分布的预测有较好的借鉴作用.     

简要介绍R2V的功能及其在数字化图件中的应用

许多物化探及地质成果资料以纸质图件保存,在资料的再利用时需对其进行数字化.这里简要介绍一种数字化功能强大的矢量化软件-R2V的功能,针对物化探图件的特点,探讨了R2V数字化的流程.     

老挝长山成矿带与花岗岩有关的铜金铁矿床的成矿模式

老挝作为＂特提斯成矿域＂的重要组成部分,具有丰富的矿产资源,尤其是铜、金、铁、铝、钾盐等优势矿产与中国具有很强的互补性。初步论述了老挝的成矿地质背景和近年来发现的与花岗岩类有关的斑岩型铜-金矿床、矽卡岩型铁矿床的矿化地质特征、矿石矿物特征、矿化与岩体的空间关系,在此基础上初步建立了其成矿模式。基于同位素定年数据和Hf-Rb-Ta元素判别图,推测这些花岗岩及与其相关的矿床形成于晚石炭世华南地块向印支地块俯冲产生的火山岛弧环境。     

长江中下游地震同青藏高原北部地震的相关性

本文对比了1910—1987年发生的长江中下游地震和青藏高原北部地震,发现两者有比较好的对应关系。一般是,青藏高原北部先发生M≥6级地震,而后长江中下游地区发生M≥19/4级地震。对1910年以来的21次地震进行了统计分析,得到复相关系数R=0.74,能够在很高的显著性水平上通过F检验。地震活动在时间、空间、强度上的相关,现代构造运动及应力场等事实表明,长江中下游地震活动可能主要受青藏高原向东的横向推移运动的影响。     

Dune field development,interactions and boundary conditions for crescentic and stellate megadunes of the Al Liwa Basin,the Empty Quarter

Within the greater Ar Rub' al Khali (Empty Quarter) sand sea lies an internal depocentre, the Al Liwa Basin, which comprises a variety of mega‐scale dune types. Crescentic dunes dominant the north of the basin while megadunes of stellate or star form are a major landform of the south‐eastern reaches. Their development into dune fields is determined by the style and rate of dune–dune interactions, the boundary conditions imposed by a multi‐modal wind regime, fluctuating groundwater levels, and sediment availability under an assortment of climatic conditions throughout the Quaternary. As a result, dune field patterns are a collective response to these perturbations in space, time and environment. The R‐statistic is a collective measure of these responses, and is a metric capable of identifying the degree of pattern maturity or self‐organization of the aeolian system, and the pathways from which patterns evolve. The spatial signature of the southerly located star dunes is characterized by two definitive patterns of organization: the first, one of complete spatial randomness, the second, a low degree of spatial uniformity. In isolation, these results appear to be unrelated to those for crescentic dunes of the region in which a significantly higher degree of pattern dispersion is the norm. However, when spatial statistical measures are integrated with the theoretical understanding of dune–dune interactions and the involvement of environmental agents, the complex morphodynamic pathways and linkages between regional dune fields is better understood. In this case, both constructive (e.g. merging, lateral linking) and regenerative activity (e.g. calving) have played important roles in the development of dune size, and associated adjustments in spacing, and dune numbers, and subsequently dune field patterns. Synergetic patterns are emblematic of this vast dunescape, whereby transitional geographic, morphologic, dimensional and environmental modifications exist between the mega‐crescentic and mega‐stellate dunes of the Empty Quarter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic Wave Propagation and Excitation in Multi-layered Media with Irregular Interfaces Part (Ⅰ): SH Case

Study of seismic wave excitation and propagation in laterally heterogeneous media was an active and important subject in seismology in the past two decades, numerous analytical and numerical efforts have been made in this research field. In this article, I have, first, made a brief review on those developments and then introduced and summarized a unified and efficient method, global generalized reflection-transmission (abbreviated to R/T thereafter) matrices method, for synthetic seismograms in multi-layered media with irregular interfaces developed by the author [24~26]. As demonstrated in this article, this method could be regarded as an extension of the generalized R/T coefficients method for the horizontally layered case [2,5] to the layered media with irregularly shaped interfaces by incorporating the T matrices technique [27,28]. Because of the use of a recursive scheme in computing the global generalized R/T matrices, this method is efficient, particularly for the case with a large number of irre     

4U 1957+11: a persistent low-mass X-ray binary and black hole candidate in the high state?

We report on several pointed Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of the enigmatic low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 4U 1957+11 at different X-ray luminosities. The luminosity of the source varied by more than a factor of 4 on time-scales of months to years. The spectrum of the source tends to become harder when its luminosity increases. Only very weak  (1–2  per cent rms amplitude,  0.001–10 Hz  ,  2–60 keV)  rapid X-ray variability was observed during the observations. A comparison of the spectral and temporal behaviour of 4U 1957+11 with other X-ray binary systems, in particular LMC X-3, indicates that 4U 1957+11 is likely to be a persistent LMXB harbouring a black hole and it is persistently in the black hole high state. If confirmed, it would be the only such system known.