水镁石的低温化学合成及其矿物学研究

在低温条件下应用氯化镁法、氧化铁法和氮化镁法三种不同化学方法合成了水镁石矿物,并对其进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜和热分析研究。结果表明,三种不同方法合成的水镁石矿物的X射线衍射谱各有特点,对水镁石形貌的扫描电镜观察发现：氮化镁法合成产物呈六方板状;氧化镁法合成产物呈大的片状聚集体,但颗粒很小;氯化镁法合成产物多呈不规则粒状聚集体,粒度比较均匀。显然水镁石的形态受合成方法和条件的影响,特别氮化镁法合成的水镁石形状与温度有关,温度越高形状越复杂。差热和热重分析表明,氯化镁法合成水镁石的分解脱水特征温度比氧化镁法和氮化镁法合成水镁石的要低50℃左右,这可能与矿物颗粒的大小和形状有关。对这些合成水镁石的矿物学研究不仅具有材料科学意义,而且为研究天然水镁石成因和性质提供了实验室证据。     

Geochemical assessment of a siliceous limestone sample for cement making

A low grade siliceous limestone sample from the Jayantipuram mine of Andhra Pradesh, India, has been investigated for its suitability for cement making. Petrological as well as X-ray diffraction pattern studies indicated that the limestone sample was crystalline and dominantly composed of calcite and quartz. They are simple in mineralogy, and yet they have variable silica and lime contents. Geochemical analysis results of twenty five hand picked samples indicated that the limestone from the Jayantipuram mine shows a wide range of variations in LOI (29.94% to 40.64%), SiO2 (6.14% to 27.18%), CaO (37.93% to 50.78%), Al2O3 (0.49% to 2.27%) and Fe2O3 (0.28% to 2.4%). MgO, K2O, Na2O, TiO2 and MnO2 are present in traces. CaO with LOI shows a strong positive correlation where as CaO with SiO2 shows a strong negative correlation because of mineralogical factors. The chemical composition of the limestone reflects its mineralogical composition. The distribution of various elements in the acid-soluble fraction has been studied by the factor analysis method in order to interpret in terms of their mineralogy, sedimentary environment and diagenesis. Mineralogy, recrystallization and other diagenetic changes are the main factors affecting the distribution of the elements and their mutual relationships in the limestone. The aim of this paper is also to analyze how significantly the two parameters, silica modulus and lime saturation factor, influence this low grade siliceous limestone sample from the Jayantipuram mine of Andhra Pradesh, India, for the cement making process from the geochemical data.     

工艺矿物学近十年的主要进展

我国的工艺矿物学在过去十年中的重大进展主要表现在以下几方面:(1)矿物加工和冶金工艺矿物学的发展与应用;初步建立了矿物-生物浸矿机制和各类微生物冶金的制约因素,为生物选矿和冶金过程中工艺矿物学奠定了新的理论基础.(2)新的分析技术的发展及其应用使工艺矿物学开始从定性走向定量;探测和揭示了微生物在分子水平上与矿物表面相互作用和能量转换.这些研究将有助子了解微生物矿产开采和微生物选矿和冶金的控制因素的机制,为建立一个新的选冶工艺矿物学打下了深厚基础.(3)将矿物的晶体化学,矿物物理学,量子矿物学与工艺矿物学紧密结合,使这门应用学科不仅在选、冶、加工工艺等提取其中的某种有用元素,而且也促进了新兴的矿物材料和技术的发展.总之,在未来新的分析技术发展中,将被更广泛地用于研究矿物质,矿物-水界面和矿物-微生物界面,这不仅在新型的工艺矿物学发展中取得了好的成果,而且在环境矿物学,也有广泛的应用前景.     

昌化田黄的矿物学特征及相关问题探讨

昌化田黄是近年来市场上出现的产于浙江昌化玉岩山的一个新的田黄品种。68件样品的矿物学研究表明,昌化田黄主要组成矿物为迪开石、高岭石,并可含石英、明矾石、绢云母、褐铁矿、黄铁矿、辰砂等次要矿物,未见珍珠石。昌化田黄与寿山田黄具有相同成因,并具有田黄的石皮、石形、质地、石色、萝卜纹、红格等鉴定特征。昌化田黄在产状、块度、石形及矿物组成上与寿山田黄有差异,可资区别。     

系统矿物学数据特征分析及数据库建设

在大数据及信息共享时代,迫切需要构建系统矿物学数据库,为地学及相关领域的科技创新、人才培养及公众提供共享服务。本文通过系统矿物学理论和国家级数据库建设实践经验,提出了系统矿物学数据中矿物种的分级、分类、编码和矿物名称、化学成分、晶体形态、晶体结构、物理性质、化学性质以及矿物的成因和产状等基本数据项的构建方法和规范;设计了用于建立数据库的数据字典、数据类型和功能模块;介绍了系统矿物学数据库发布的软硬件环境以及整体技术架构,并在国家科技基础条件平台应用实践;最后探讨了矿物学数据挖掘和维基理念与技术在矿物学大数据库建设中的应用。     

东昆仑拉陵灶火矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床矿物学特征及其地质意义

拉陵灶火铜多金属矿床是位于东昆仑造山带中部的三叠纪矽卡岩型矿床。为进一步指导勘查找矿工作,本文通过显微观察和电子探针分析对该矿床进行了详细的矽卡岩矿物学研究,以加深对其矿物学特征和成矿规律的认识。研究发现,矿体呈层状、似层状产于金水口岩群和石英闪长岩体,其中MⅤ矿段主要形成于石英闪长岩中大理岩捕掳体的交代蚀变。矿床可划分为4个热液阶段：进化矽卡岩阶段、退蚀变矽卡岩阶段、铜钼硫化物阶段和石英碳酸盐阶段。进化矽卡岩阶段石榴子石核部比边部更富钙铝榴石组分,边部含较多钙铁榴石组分,表明该阶段流体氧逸度逐渐增高。石榴子石和辉石分别以钙铁榴石（Ad56~Ad86）和钙铁辉石（Hd54~64Di31~41Jo4~5）为主,且辉石Mn/Fe比值<0.1,表明该矿床具有典型矽卡岩铜矿和钼矿的特征。矽卡岩矿物成分还与典型矽卡岩金矿床相似,暗示了其金成矿潜力,因此矿床开采过程中应考虑对铜、钼、金矿化的综合利用。矿体受层状碳酸盐岩分布严格控制,且矿床与石英闪长岩具有密切的成因联系。矿区勘探除了外矽卡岩带,还应加强对成矿岩体内大理岩捕掳体形成的矿体的勘查。     

An Updated Coupled Model for Land-Atmosphere Interaction. Part I： Simulations of Physical Processes

A new two-way land-atmosphere interaction model （R42_AVIM） is fulfilled by coupling the spectral atmospheric model （SAMIL_R42L9） developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences （LASG/IAP/CAS） with the land surface model, Atmosphere-Vegetation-Interaction-Model （AVIM）. In this coupled model, physical and biological components of AVIM are both included. Climate base state and land surface physical fluxes simulated by R42_AVIM are analyzed and compared with the results of R42_SSIB [which is coupled by SAMIL_R42L9 and Simplified Simple Biosphere （SSIB） models]. The results show the performance of the new model is closer to the observations. It can basically guarantee that the land surface energy budget is balanced, and can simulate June-July-August （JJA） and December-January- February （DJF） land surface air temperature, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, precipitation, sea level pressure and other variables reasonably well. Compared with R42_SSIB, there are obvious improvements in the JJA simulations of surface air temperature and surface fluxes. Thus, this land-atmosphere coupled model will offer a good experiment platform for land-atmosphere interaction research.     

矿物环境属性与无机界天然自净化功能

本将矿物学研究从岩石圈拓展到水圈、大气圈、生物圈与土壤圈之间交互作用的矿物环境属性范畴，研究表明，矿物可成为记录环境演变信息的载体；防止矿物的破坏与分解有可能减少甚至避免由此所造成的对人体健康的影响与生态环境的破坏；矿物与生物交互作用的研究与天然矿物治理污染物的是建立在充分利用自然规律的基础之上，体现了天然自净化作用的特色。天然矿物对污染物的净化功能主要体现在环境矿物材料基本性能方面。天然铁的硫化物，铁的氧化物，锰的氧化物、钛的氧化物。蛭石，有机蒙脱石和含高价阳离子蒙脱石，以及黄钾铁矾等均在处理无机与有机污染物方面展现出良好效果，矿物与其环境界面原子尺度相互作用过程研究，矿物内部结构缺陷影响矿物表面活性规律研究，矿物晶体结构中不同维次连通性孔道效应研究,矿物化学活性作发化污染物方法研究，以及矿物晶芽与生物细胞层次上交互作用净化污染物机理研究等，将是近期着力开发无机界矿物天然自净化功能的重点研究内容。     

松辽盆地南部红岗油田青山口组片钠铝石的结晶特征及成因探讨

松辽盆地南部红岗油田青山口组发育大量含片钠铝石砂岩。含片钠铝石砂岩的岩石类型为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,砂岩中的胶结物主要为次生加大石英、方解石、片钠铝石、铁白云石和粘土矿物,成岩共生序列为粘土包壳-方解石-石英次生加大-片钠铝石-铁白云石-沥青。其中,片钠铝石多以放射状、栉状、板状等集合体充填孔隙,少量以杂乱状和板状交代长石和岩屑,且交代的碱性长石多于斜长石;此外,孔隙中的放射状片钠铝石开始生长时多呈团簇状,随埋深的增大,放射状及栉状片钠铝石的晶体平均粒度变大,板状片钠铝石的含量也增加;而片钠铝石的总含量则先增加后减少,片钠铝石的结晶特征及其含量与成岩流体的温度的高低、pH值的大小以及CO₂分压的高低等密切相关。     

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Pliocene Iron—Rich Laterite in the Vatera Area,Lesvos Island,Greece and Its Genesis

A nickel laterite deposit occurs in the Vatera area of Lesvos Island,Greece ,and is transgressively developed on serpentinized basic rock (norite).The overlying sedimentary rocks include marls and marly limestones with sandstone intercalations and belong to the Pliocene sed-iments.The following alteritic zones are defined from the bottom to top layers:a)bedrock (norite);b)serpentinized zone;c)goethitic zone.The bedrock consists of the following pri-mary minerals:basic plagioclase,orthopyroxenes and clinopyroxenes.The serpentinized zone includes clinochrysotile,lizardite,antigorite clinoenstatite,calcite and dolomite while in the goethic zone there are goethite,quartz,pyrite,chromite,dolomite.Al2O3 ,Fe2O3,CaO,Na2O,K2O,Ba,Sr,Ni,C and S are enriched in the goethitic zone .Nickel enrichment is re-lated to the formation of nickeliferons minerals substituting for Mg or/and Fe in the goethite and pyrite.Enrichment of Ni in the matrix may be due to the presence of amorphous Ni-sili-cates(pimelite).There is a significant change(decrease)in the concentration of Ni from the top to bottom parts of the laterite formation,indicating that there was no tendency to migrate downwards(immature laterite).A second support of the immaturity of the Vatera laterite is the incomplete oxidation of ferrous iron to form ferric iron hydroxides.Under tropical/subtropical conditions,which dominated from the end of Miocene to the Pliocene the norite rocks of the Vatera area altered in response to reaction with acid solutions enriched in CO2.Due to hydrolysis and oxidation of pyroxenes,Mg^2 ,H4SiO4 and Ni^2 were removed in the continental acid solutions.