青海玛温根矿区氧化铅银矿工艺矿物学特性及分析研究

结合光学显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线能谱探针、筛析等技术手段,系统研究了青海省玛温根矿区产出的有代表性的氧化铅矿石的工艺矿物学特征。结果表明:矿石主要有价元素是Pb(2. 76%)和Ag(204. 4×10-6);矿石中铅的赋存状态较复杂,主要赋存于铅铁矾等难溶铅中,其次赋存于氧化铅、硫酸铅中,矿石中的铅矿物主要是铅矾、白铅矿、砷铅铁矾,少量方铅矿、砷铅矿等;银的赋存状态亦较为复杂,独立银矿物为硫铜银矿,含量甚微,部分银呈类质同像赋存于其他的金属硫化物中。通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜分析发现,主要的铅矿物如铅矾、白铅矿等相互交代连生现象明显,且嵌布粒度细小,这与筛析检测结果相一致,同时矿石中As含量较高,达到了5. 43%,含砷矿物主要为毒砂、臭葱石,经X射线能谱分析,部分铅矿物与砷元素关系密切,并形成了砷铅铁矾、砷铅矿等复杂砷铅矿物。所以预测在选矿过程中,砷会随铅矿物同步富集,银的独立银矿物主要是硫铜银矿,且嵌布粒度微细,大部分银矿物以微细粒包裹态赋存于石英、褐铁矿等硅酸盐或氧化物中。根据以上研究成果,可判定该氧化铅银矿属于极难选矿石,建议采用浮选-化学选矿工艺综合回收铅、银金属的技术路线。     

陕西华阳川铀多金属矿床矿石特征及铀的赋存状态

华阳川矿床位于秦岭造山带后陆冲段褶皱带的小秦岭成矿带内,是国内外成矿类型特殊的大规模铀多金属矿床。为了深入了解陕西华阳川铀多金属矿床矿石组成和铀的赋存状态,本文通过采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针等现代分析测试方法,对华阳川铀多金属矿床进行了系统的工艺矿物学研究。测试结果显示:(1)主要的铀矿物为贝塔石、晶质铀矿和少量的铀钍石,与长白矿、褐帘石、榍石、磷灰石等相共生。(2)铌钛铀矿多呈自形-半自形粒状结构嵌入在钾长石与方解石内或其裂隙中,粒度主要集中在0. 04mm～0. 64mm,占总量的57. 58%。(3)铀主要以独立铀矿物(贝塔石、晶质铀矿)的形式存在,其中铀赋存于贝塔石与晶质铀矿中,占比分别为78. 20%和15. 02%,其余的铀可能以类质同象或吸附的形式存在。     

R值评分方法的再研究

自20世纪70年代地球物理所提出评价地震预报效能的R值评分方法以来,由于其思路清晰,概念明确,便于操作,使用方便,几十年来被广泛使用。但是,在特殊情况下．该方法存在数学上的不成立现象,于是,人们对其进行一次重要改进和应用的拓展。然而,改进和拓展后的方法,同样还存在特殊情况下的数学上的不成立现象,同时又产生了明显鼓励虚报的倾向。因此,有必要进行再研究。本文提出了一种再研究后的方法,不仅保证了在任何情况下数学上都成立,而且既不鼓励虚报,又不鼓励漏报,其评价结果与实际效果完全一致。现提供大家参考和使用。     

黄土高原山地森林群落植物区系特征与地理格局

本文以样地数据为基础,对黄土高原内11座山地森林群落的区系组成、联系、格局以及与气候因子的关系等方面进行了较为系统的分析,结果表明：(1) 研究区内森林群落物种丰富,353个样地共调查到维管植物108科473属1222种,其中被子植物93科447属1179种,裸子植物4科7属9种,蕨类植物11科19属34种。(2) 按区域和局地两个尺度统计显示,研究区内科、属分布区类型以“温带分布”特别是“北温带分布”为主,此特征在群落尺度上尤显突出。(3) 非度量多维度标度排序 (NMDS) 第一轴主要揭示各山地森林分布的典型海拔变化范围,第二轴则展示出各山地的地理纬度位置关系;系统聚类树同样体现出各山地间基于区系组成特征的地理空间联系与南北位置关系,并将各山地依区系组成特征划分为4组;经比较山地间最大Sørenson相似性系数知,贺兰山因地处区域西北边缘而与其他山地间区系联系最弱,反之太岳山与其他山地区系联系最强。(4) R/T值 (热带属与温带属比值) 线性回归模型解释了42.1%的数据变异,并揭示该值随年均温升高呈显著上升趋势,随着海拔升高则有显著下降趋势,但与年均降水量之间并无显著趋势。     

Displacement-based seismic design of hysteretic damped braces for retrofitting in-plan irregular r.c. framed structures

A displacement-based design procedure is proposed for proportioning hysteretic damped braces in order to attain, for the in-plan least seismic capacity direction and a specific level of seismic intensity, a designated performance level of a reinforced concrete (r.c.) irregular framed building to be retrofitted. To this end, a computer code for the nonlinear static analysis of spatial frames is developed to obtain the pushover curve for an assigned in-plan direction of the seismic loads. The town hall of Spilinga (Italy), a two-storey r.c. framed structure with an L-shaped plan built at the beginning of the 1960s, has been considered as case study. Four alternative structural solutions are examined, derived from the first one by the insertion of hysteretic damped braces, considering: the extended N2 and the extended pushover methods combined with a proportional and an inversely proportional in-plan stiffness distributions of hysteretic damped braces. To check the effectiveness and reliability of the design procedure, the nonlinear static response of the unbraced and damped braced frames is compared for different in-plan directions of the seismic loads. Frame members are simulated with a lumped plasticity model, including a flat surface modeling of the axial load-biaxial bending moment elastic domain, while the behavior of a hysteretic damped brace is idealized through the use of a bilinear law. Vulnerability index domains are adopted to estimate the directions of least seismic capacity at the ultimate (i.e. life-safety and collapse prevention) limit states prescribed by Italian and European seismic codes.     

基于空间插值的工程岩体RQD预测方法

作为工程实际中评价岩体性质的重要指标,RQD的应用已相当广泛。但工程岩体中RQD值的分布存在一定的结构性和随机性,因此,通过对特定位置钻探获取的RQD值无法很到位地表达整个空间区域的实际岩石质量。为了弥补这方面的不足,统计学中的空间插值法为此提供了有力的手段。考虑到空间RQD分布存在各向异性,以及在工程坐标系中很难描述RQD分布的结构性,首先计算工程坐标系下已获取RQD值的主要黑塞方向（pHd）;然后构建空间旋转与比例缩放矩阵对其进行坐标标准化处理。在标准化的空间中,引入Kriging插值法,采用变异函数描述RQD在标准空间结构上的变化,建立其空间变异规律的数学模型,并对其进行插值计算;最后将标准空间进行坐标逆变换,实现了对工程坐标系下RQD分布的预测。利用R语言编程将该方法应用于工程实例,结果表明,这种空间插值法能够有效地预测工程岩体中RQD值的分布规律,弥补了局部钻探的局限性。     

Cyclic tests of four two‐story narrow steel plate shear walls. Part 2: experimental results and design implications

This paper is the second part of a two‐part paper presenting the cyclic tests of four two‐story narrow steel plate shear walls (SPSWs). The first paper introduces the analytical studies and the specimen designs. This paper describes the test results. Some design implications including the capacity design for the first story column and the width‐to‐thickness ratio check for the beam web are discussed based on key observations from the tests. Test results confirm that the simplified strip model can accurately predict the inelastic responses of the specimens. Test results also confirm that the proposed capacity design method is effective in ensuring the plastic hinge formation at the bottom end of the first story column for SPSW with or without restrainers. Test results also show that the horizontal restrainers are effective in reducing the member forces in the boundary beam and column elements. Comparing the test results of the typical SPSW with those of the restrained SPSW (R‐SPSW) specimens, it is found that the R‐SPSW possesses an improved cyclic performance and reduced material weight. Analytical results predict the compressed column moments at the onset of the column plastic hinge formation well. The analytical hysteretic energy distribution in the first story column agrees very well with the observed inelastic actions developed in the four specimens. The detailed frame response analyses and the test results confirm that the assumptions made in developing the proposed column capacity design method are reasonable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山东昌乐蓝宝石的特征研究

我国新第三纪玄武岩中的蓝宝石往往存在颜色深暗、透明度差、净度低、色调不纯正、颜色不鲜艳等缺陷。本文通过矿物学和宝石学研究 ,认为山东昌乐蓝宝石具有颗粒大、净度好、透明度高、色调纯正、亮度较大、饱和度较高等特点 ,其质量较海南文昌、福建明溪和江苏六合蓝宝石为佳     

新疆阿克苏断层H2浓度影响因素及映震效能分析

利用相关和回归分析方法,分析断层H2浓度与气温、气压之间的相关关系,得到气温与断层H2浓度的回归方程.通过R值评分方法对断层H2浓度回归残差进行映震效能检验,结果表明:1)气温为阿克苏断层H2浓度变化的主要影响因素,与断层H2浓度呈高度正相关;气压对阿克苏断层H2浓度变化影响较小,与断层H2浓度呈中低度负相关.2)断层...