Size scale of the R Coronae Borealis variables

The radius of R CrB is estimated to 90–100 radii of the Sun. The dust layer, which is the cause of the deep minimum in the visible light of R Coronae Borealis-type stars, has a radius of about 6 radii of the star. This follows from the delay of the infrared light increase after the visual minimum and also from the analogy with the dust formation in novae. The emission lines appearing in the minimum have an origin analogous to the metal emissions in the comets of 1882 II and 1965 VIII in which they were observed at a distance of 20–30 R⊙. The permanent dust shell has a radius about of 26 stellar radii.     

国际研发中心的理论研究进展与述评

在知识经济时代背景下,研发成为推进区域社会经济发展的重要力量,以研发创新作为主
要功能特征的国际研发中心是伴随研发全球化而出现的一种新型区域功能与空间形态,迄今为止,
国内外还未有学者对其进行系统的研究。基于此,本文重点从相关概念探讨、发展战略研究、研发
投资环境、成长条件与模式类型等4 个方面对近年来国际研发中心的相关理论成果进行梳理与回
顾,并在理论评述的基础上,对未来的研究重点与方向进行展望。     

影响我国台风频数与强度变化趋势预测

首先使用滑动平均的方法,对近58年影响我国的台风频数、强度和年极值强度进行趋势分析,又使用Spearman非参数趋势检验法进行了显著性检验。在此基础上应用基于分形理论的R/S方法对未来的台风频数、强度和年极值强度进行了趋势预测。分析表明,未来影响我国的台风频数、强度、年极值强度都是呈增加趋势的;而且年台风频数和台风强度呈正相关性。     

Disentangling late-Holocene climate and land use impacts on an Austrian alpine lake using seasonal temperature anomalies,ice-cover,sedimentology, and pollen tracers

Major and trace elements, minerals and grain-size were analysed from a sediment core covering the last 4,000 years of an Austrian Alpine lake (Oberer Landschitzsee, ObLAN, 2,076 m a.s.l.). These analyses were combined with autumn and spring temperature anomalies and ice-cover estimated from a diatom and chrysophyte cyst, thermistor-based regional calibration dataset and selected pollen markers published previously. Diatom-inferred pH (Di-pH) and DOC (Di-DOC) completed the multi-proxy approach, which, together with ordination techniques (PCA and RDA), helped (1) to confirm proposed climatic patterns and hypotheses, and (2) to disentangle the complex interactions between climatic and anthropogenic impacts. Shifts in chemical and physical weathering, erosion, production, lake stratification, redox potentials and air pollution were the major processes that have affected Oberer Landschitzsee in relation to climate, lake/catchment interactions, and human impact. Geochemistry supported the finding that the four waves of high-altitude land use (Early to Middle Bronze, ca. 1,800–1,300 B.C.; Late Bronze to Hallstatt, ca. 1,000–500 B.C.; Celtic to Roman, ca. 300 B.C.–400 A.D.; and Medieval, ca. 1,000–1,600 A.D.) were coupled mainly with warm periods. Increased production, onset of lake stratification, and the deterioration of hypolimnetic oxygen conditions were the major changes governing in-lake processes during climate warming. They resulted in specific element assemblages associated with organic matter accumulation (Br), oxygen depletion (As, Ga, Cu, S), and changes in redox (Fe/Mn). The Se/Di-DOC ratio was introduced to track shifts between in-lake production and allochthonous sources. Nutrient loading from pastures, coupled with climate warming, could explain that in-lake production was highest during Roman and Medieval land use. Lithogenic elements mainly originated from chemical weathering of silicate bedrock and they increased when intense land-use was coupled with climate deterioration and/or increased humidity. These perturbations were highest during a High Medieval climate fluctuation around 1,000 A.D. The association of sand with LOI and C/N and the decoupling of sand from quartz and feldspar separates erosion from physical weathering. Di-DOC, S, and C/N showed hybrid characters in relation to climate and human impact. The mineral proportions indicated gradients in relation to weathering, snow-cover and running waters, as well as vegetation. Air pollution by metallurgic industries, starting during the High Medieval and culminating during the Late Medieval, caused lead accumulation and could have contributed to As and S enrichment. Corresponding features in the distribution of selected elements and pollen tracers, as well as changes in mineral proportions, supported the hypotheses of shifts in seasonal climate and an overall trend towards more continental climate conditions since Medieval times.     

安徽省笔架山绿松石矿床矿石矿物特征及矿床成因

安徽省马鞍山市境内分布一条典型的绿松石矿成矿带,其矿床成因一直存在争议。本次研究选取了该成矿带内笔架山绿松石矿床开展了详细的野外地质考察和室内观察,对绿松石矿石采用偏光显微镜、电子探针、扫描电镜（SEM）和ICP-MS等测试手段进行矿物学、岩石化学方面的分析与测试,并对与绿松石共生的黄铁矿进行了微量元素和δ³⁴S同位素测试。研究表明：绿松石矿床中矿石矿物为绿松石,并含少量石英、黄铁矿、高岭石、叶蜡石、褐铁矿和黄铁钾钒等矿物;绿松石为隐晶质集合体矿物,具变胶结构,SEM显示微晶集合体呈板片状平行或交错生长;与绿松石共生的黄铁矿具中低温热液成因的立方体、五角十二面体及其聚形晶形特征;在w（Ni）-w（Co）关系图中黄铁矿微量元素Co、Ni质量分数分布在岩浆和热液区;δ³⁴S_VCDT同位素（8.3‰~11.9‰）指示硫成矿物质来源于深部岩浆硫和沉积硫,成矿流体由大气降水和深部岩浆水混合而成。结合绿松石矿物组合、矿物生成顺序及共生黄铁矿成矿物质与成矿流体来源综合分析判断,该矿床为火山喷气活动形成的中低温热液蚀变交代（充填）型矿床。     

豫西火神庙石英闪长岩的矿物学特征及其意义

火神庙岩体位于华北陆块南缘栾川矿集区西部,为一杂岩体,主要由石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩组成,其中石英闪长岩出露于边部,构成了岩体的主体。为准确厘定石英闪长岩的形成过程以及形成的物理化学条件,并为进一步确定火神庙钼矿床成因提供依据,对主要造岩矿物(斜长石、钾长石、角闪石和黑云母)成分进行了详细的研究。结果显示石英闪长岩中的斜长石主要为中长石,可分为“正环带”斜长石、“反环带”斜长石和“韵律环带”斜长石;钾长石为正长石;角闪石为镁角闪石;黑云母属于原生镁质- 铁质黑云母。石英闪长岩形成过程中岩浆经历了多期演化：早期岩浆稳定结晶,结晶出An=30～35的斜长石;中期岩浆含水量增加,斜长石An值显著升高,An=39～42;晚期岩浆稳定结晶、含水量降低,结晶出An=42～28的斜长石。岩浆结晶温度为798～830℃、结晶压力上限为198～242MPa、氧逸度为-14～-13。镁铁质岩浆较高的氧逸度、温度及Cl含量与火神庙钼矿床的形成密切相关。     

青海玛温根矿区氧化铅银矿工艺矿物学特性及分析研究

结合光学显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线能谱探针、筛析等技术手段,系统研究了青海省玛温根矿区产出的有代表性的氧化铅矿石的工艺矿物学特征。结果表明:矿石主要有价元素是Pb(2. 76%)和Ag(204. 4×10-6);矿石中铅的赋存状态较复杂,主要赋存于铅铁矾等难溶铅中,其次赋存于氧化铅、硫酸铅中,矿石中的铅矿物主要是铅矾、白铅矿、砷铅铁矾,少量方铅矿、砷铅矿等;银的赋存状态亦较为复杂,独立银矿物为硫铜银矿,含量甚微,部分银呈类质同像赋存于其他的金属硫化物中。通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜分析发现,主要的铅矿物如铅矾、白铅矿等相互交代连生现象明显,且嵌布粒度细小,这与筛析检测结果相一致,同时矿石中As含量较高,达到了5. 43%,含砷矿物主要为毒砂、臭葱石,经X射线能谱分析,部分铅矿物与砷元素关系密切,并形成了砷铅铁矾、砷铅矿等复杂砷铅矿物。所以预测在选矿过程中,砷会随铅矿物同步富集,银的独立银矿物主要是硫铜银矿,且嵌布粒度微细,大部分银矿物以微细粒包裹态赋存于石英、褐铁矿等硅酸盐或氧化物中。根据以上研究成果,可判定该氧化铅银矿属于极难选矿石,建议采用浮选-化学选矿工艺综合回收铅、银金属的技术路线。     

陕西华阳川铀多金属矿床矿石特征及铀的赋存状态

华阳川矿床位于秦岭造山带后陆冲段褶皱带的小秦岭成矿带内,是国内外成矿类型特殊的大规模铀多金属矿床。为了深入了解陕西华阳川铀多金属矿床矿石组成和铀的赋存状态,本文通过采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针等现代分析测试方法,对华阳川铀多金属矿床进行了系统的工艺矿物学研究。测试结果显示:(1)主要的铀矿物为贝塔石、晶质铀矿和少量的铀钍石,与长白矿、褐帘石、榍石、磷灰石等相共生。(2)铌钛铀矿多呈自形-半自形粒状结构嵌入在钾长石与方解石内或其裂隙中,粒度主要集中在0. 04mm～0. 64mm,占总量的57. 58%。(3)铀主要以独立铀矿物(贝塔石、晶质铀矿)的形式存在,其中铀赋存于贝塔石与晶质铀矿中,占比分别为78. 20%和15. 02%,其余的铀可能以类质同象或吸附的形式存在。     

R值评分方法的再研究

自20世纪70年代地球物理所提出评价地震预报效能的R值评分方法以来,由于其思路清晰,概念明确,便于操作,使用方便,几十年来被广泛使用。但是,在特殊情况下．该方法存在数学上的不成立现象,于是,人们对其进行一次重要改进和应用的拓展。然而,改进和拓展后的方法,同样还存在特殊情况下的数学上的不成立现象,同时又产生了明显鼓励虚报的倾向。因此,有必要进行再研究。本文提出了一种再研究后的方法,不仅保证了在任何情况下数学上都成立,而且既不鼓励虚报,又不鼓励漏报,其评价结果与实际效果完全一致。现提供大家参考和使用。