Analysis of the Characteristics of the D.P.R. Korean Seismic Event on September 23, 2017

A M3. 4 seismic event occurred in the Punggye-ri nuclear test site,D. P. R Korea at 16∶29 p.m. on September 23,2017. We analyzed the waveforms of this event recorded by the China Earthquake Networks Center. In conclusion,this event is complex,including an explosion with a successive earthquake. Although the beginning of the event is an explosion,fault dislocation plays the main role in the event.     

First‐order exchange coefficient coupling for simulating surface water–groundwater interactions: parameter sensitivity and consistency with a physics‐based approach

Distributed hydrologic models capable of simulating fully‐coupled surface water and groundwater flow are increasingly used to examine problems in the hydrologic sciences. Several techniques are currently available to couple the surface and subsurface; the two most frequently employed approaches are first‐order exchange coefficients (a.k.a., the surface conductance method) and enforced continuity of pressure and flux at the surface‐subsurface boundary condition. The effort reported here examines the parameter sensitivity of simulated hydrologic response for the first‐order exchange coefficients at a well‐characterized field site using the fully coupled Integrated Hydrology Model (InHM). This investigation demonstrates that the first‐order exchange coefficients can be selected such that the simulated hydrologic response is insensitive to the parameter choice, while simulation time is considerably reduced. Alternatively, the ability to choose a first‐order exchange coefficient that intentionally decouples the surface and subsurface facilitates concept‐development simulations to examine real‐world situations where the surface‐subsurface exchange is impaired. While the parameters comprising the first‐order exchange coefficient cannot be directly estimated or measured, the insensitivity of the simulated flow system to these parameters (when chosen appropriately) combined with the ability to mimic actual physical processes suggests that the first‐order exchange coefficient approach can be consistent with a physics‐based framework. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Yamato-type (CY) carbonaceous chondrite group: Analogues for the surface of asteroid Ryugu?

We report new mineralogical, petrographic and noble gas analyses of the carbonaceous chondrite meteorites Y-82162 (C1/2_ung), Y-980115 (CI1), Y-86029 (CI1), Y-86720 (C2_ung), Y-86789 (C2_ung), and B-7904 (C2_ung). Combining our results with literature data we show that these meteorites experienced varying degrees of aqueous alteration followed by short-lived thermal metamorphism at temperatures of >500 °C. These meteorites have similar mineralogy, textures and chemical characteristics suggesting that they are genetically related, and we strongly support the conclusion of Ikeda (1992) that they form a distinct group, the CYs (“Yamato-type”). The CY chondrites have the heaviest oxygen isotopic compositions (δ¹⁷O ˜12‰, δ¹⁸O ˜22‰) of any meteorite group, high abundances of Fe-sulphides (˜10 ‒ 30 vol%) and phosphates, and contain large grains of periclase and unusual objects of secondary minerals not reported in other carbonaceous chondrites. These features cannot be attributed to parent body processes alone, and indicate that the CYs had a different starting mineralogy and/or alteration history to other chondrite groups, perhaps because they formed in a different region of the protoplanetary disk. The short cosmic-ray exposure ages (≤1.3 Ma) of the CY chondrites suggest that they are derived from a near-Earth source, with recent observations by the Hayabusa2 spacecraft highlighting a possible link to the rubble-pile asteroid Ryugu.     

Wavelength dependence of angular diameters of M giants: an observational perspective

We discuss the wavelength dependence of angular diameters of M giants from an observational perspective. Observers cannot directly measure an optical-depth radius for a star, despite this being a common theoretical definition. Instead, they can use an interferometer to measure the square of the fringe visibility. We present new plots of the wavelength-dependent centre-to-limb variation (CLV) of intensity of the stellar disc as well as visibility for Mira and non-Mira M giant models. We use the terms 'CLV spectra' and 'visibility spectra' for these plots. We discuss a model-predicted extreme limb-darkening effect (also called the narrow-bright-core effect) in very strong TiO bands which can lead to a misinterpretation of the size of a star in these bands. We find no evidence as yet that this effect occurs in real stars. Our CLV spectra can explain the similarity in visibilities of R Dor (M8IIIe) that have been observed recently, despite the use of two different passbands. We compare several observations with models, and find that the models generally underestimate the observed variation in visibility with wavelength. We present CLV and visibility spectra for a model that is applicable to the M supergiant α Ori.     

风险评价与风险控制技术在矿山企业中的应用

为更好地适应新形势下安全生产的需要,矿山企业结合自身的特点,以现代的系统的安全管理模式替代原来传统的管理模式,应用风险评价与风险控制技术,搭建一个以“风险控制为核心”的规范化、结构化、系统化的新的安全管理平台,可以有效地控制风险,防止和遏制各类事故的发生。     

西南印度洋中脊富钴结壳的矿物学和地球化学

基于采自西南印度洋超慢速扩张中脊的8块富钴结壳样品,利用XRD、XRF等方法对其进行了矿物学及地球化学组成分析,阐明了该区富钴结壳的矿物物相和元素组成特点,结合主成分分析探讨了该区结壳的成因类型和成矿物质来源。结果表明:该区结壳矿物组成以锰、铁氧化物相为主,其中锰相矿物以水羟锰矿占优势,含少量钡镁锰矿,铁相矿物出现了针铁矿及非晶质-隐晶质相;该区结壳Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Ni的平均值分别为18.96%、19.71%、0.53%、0.099%、0.47%,它们介于中、西太平洋结壳和大西洋、印度洋结壳的相应的元素含量之间;矿物组成、元素组合、元素比值等皆表明该区结壳属于水成成因,受成岩作用影响微弱,但是未见热液活动的明显影响。     

东秦岭商丹地区蛇绿岩中的角闪石研究

东秦岭蛇绿岩主要分布在北秦岭南缘、商丹断裂带以北的狭窄地带,断续逶迤呈带状作近东西向展布。分布于商丹地区的蛇绿岩是东秦岭蛇绿岩带的重要组成部分并具有代表性。 本文着重论述了商丹地区蛇绿岩中广泛分布的主要造岩矿物之一,角闪石的主要特征组份、微量元素、晶胞参数、阳离子占位度等成因矿物学特点。并据此说明了该蛇绿岩中的角闪石属于区域正变质的产物;形成的物质来源具有同源性,原岩为超镁铁质-镁铁质的岩浆岩和火山熔岩;形成的热力学条件基本相同,变质程度为绿帘角闪岩相或角闪岩相,变质温度为610℃左右,压力大于5×10~8Pa。 此外,根据商丹地区蛇绿岩中角闪石成因矿物学特征之相同性所提供的信息表明,东秦岭蛇绿岩带是华北和扬子两个板块俯冲、碰撞的构造边界变质带。     

内蒙古得尔布干成矿带铅锌银矿两期叠加成矿的矿物学证据——以乌尔根矿为例

内蒙古额尔古纳市乌尔根铅锌银矿是得尔布干成矿带上具有代表性的浅成中低温热液型铅锌银矿之一。显微镜下观察、电子探针分析结果等矿物学证据证明,该矿床存在2期成矿作用。其中早期火山热液形成的金属硫化物普遍受应力作用的改造,并广泛被晚期形成的矿物交代,典型矿物是不含乳滴状黄铜矿的闪锌矿,具有高含量Fe、Mn和低含量Cu的特征;晚期次火山(隐爆角砾岩)热液形成的金属硫化物占大多数,常交代早期形成的矿物并与其交生在一起,典型矿物是含固溶体乳滴黄铜矿的闪锌矿,并且具有中等含量Fe、Mn和高含量Cu的特征。在次火山热液期的晚阶段残余热液还形成了较为纯净的呈棕黄色-无色透明的纯净闪锌矿,具有高含量Zn,低含量Fe、Mn、Cu的特征。结合前人测定的研究区火山岩和矿石矿物定年结果以及火山岩主量元素组成数据,推测早期火山热液成矿与中基性塔木兰沟组火山岩关系密切,而晚期次火山(隐爆角砾岩)热液属于满克头鄂博组的(中)酸性岩浆热液的产物。隐爆角砾岩热液富含Cu元素且为成矿提供了主要物质来源,是研究区寻找除铅锌之外其他矿种的重要线索。     

渝东北田坝地区五峰-龙马溪组页岩矿物学特征及其油气地质意义

渝东北田坝地区五峰-龙马溪组泥页岩的矿物成分主要为石英和黏土矿物,其次为长石,此外还含有少量黄铁矿、硬石膏等含硫矿物,以及极少量的碳酸盐矿物。沉积学及矿物学研究表明,五峰-龙马溪组的沉积环境以浅海陆棚为主,而浅海陆棚属还原环境,有利于有机质富集和保存,可以更好地形成页岩气;页岩含石英量较多并且脆性指数较高,因此有利于形成裂缝以利于渗流。与相邻的涪陵地区相对比,两者可比性较高,并且渝东北田坝地区五峰-龙马溪组页岩的石英等脆性矿物含量大于涪陵地区,而黏土矿物含量、碳酸盐矿物含量远小于涪陵地区;渝东北田坝地区黏土矿物组合反映,五峰-龙马溪组已进入了晚期成岩作用阶段,该阶段所对应的有机质成熟度为高成熟-过成熟,表明其成熟度条件有利于形成页岩气藏;进一步研究还发现,五峰组及龙马溪组页岩具有较高的孔隙度和渗透性,能为页岩气储存提供较好的储集空间。