白令海DSDP188站氧同位素3期以来的古海洋与古气候记录

白令海南部DSDP188站沉积物生源组分分析显示,该地区表层生产力在MIS3早、晚期(3.3和3.1)以及MIS2期增加,而其他时期表层生产力相应降低,并且表层生产力的变化没有显示明显的冰期与间冰期旋回。沉积物的C/N比值反映了有机碳的混合来源,说明该地区表层生产力可能受陆源营养物质输入的影响。该站位沉积物的非生源组分分析显示,MIS3早、晚期陆源物质输入量增加,反映洋流加强和气候变化。MIS2出现两次陆源物质输入量的增加,显示了洋流和气候的波动。MIS3和末次冰消期碳屑丰度增加,但MIS2降低,指示MIS3和MIS1陆地天然火灾概率大,而MIS2天然火灾概率低,反映间冰期比冰期更容易发生天然火灾。     

乾安县浅层高氟地下水的分布规律及成因的初步探讨

本文主要阐述了乾安县浅层高氟地下水的分布规律;探讨了浅层高氟地下水的成因与构造、地貌、古气候、地层岩性和水文地质条件的关系,从而闸明了广泛分布的湖沼相松散沉积物的组成和水文地质条件是本区浅层高氟地下水的主要原因。     

珠江三角洲中山横栏地区晚第四纪以来的沉积特征

中山横栏地区在珠江三角洲第四纪地层研究中具有代表性。本文通过对该地区第四纪Ⅳ01钻孔岩性、粒度及地球化学特征的综合研究,探讨珠江三角洲晚第四纪以来的沉积特征。结果表明,珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积物自下而上包含三次沉积旋回:一次晚更新世海侵旋回和两次全新世的海侵旋回,其形成的下粗上细正向序列在进积型三角洲中具有一定的特殊性;在沉积学分析的基础上,结合粒度和微量元素B、Ba、Sr的指相特征,探讨珠江三角洲晚第四纪以来的海侵-海退旋回,揭示在中全新世中晚期(约5~2.5 kaBP)发生了海退过程,进一步印证中山横栏地区晚第四纪以来存在三次海侵事件的认识。     

利用拉分盆地和错断河流阶地定量评估康西瓦断裂晚第四纪平均左旋走滑速率

康西瓦断裂为青藏高原西北缘的一条大型左旋走滑断裂。目前,不同学者对康西瓦断裂晚第四纪的平均走滑速率仍存在较大争议。文章以青藏高原西北缘喀拉喀什河谷段一处冲洪积扇上发育的一个小型拉分盆地以及该冲洪积扇上发育的一个错断河流阶地为研究对象,基于拉分盆地演化的两种简单模式,分别利用拉分盆地的长边和斜边限定对应冲洪积扇的水平位错位量和错位量的上限值,而通过光释光定年技术约束该冲洪积扇的形成年代,结合相关数据,分别估算出康西瓦断裂晚第四纪以来的平均左旋走滑速率为小于或等于8.6±1.0 mm/a和小于约12.4 mm/a。与此同时,利用该冲洪积扇上发育的错断河流阶地的水平位错和对应阶地的放弃年龄,估算出康西瓦断裂晚第四纪以来的平均左旋走滑速率为8.4±1.0 mm/a。

     

Palaeosurfaces and major valleys in the area of the Kjǿlen Mountains,southern Norway - consequences of uplift and climatic change

Protected area management in Norway is undergoing institutional changes with the implementation of management models aimed at increased public participation. At the same time tourism enterprises are increasing in number within the protected areas. Greater levels of interaction with stakeholders place new demands on lead institutions in terms of communication, transparency, involvement, and power sharing. A governance perspective was used to examine some facets of the interaction between a local council managing a national park in Norway and tourism companies using the park for their operations. The main objective was to assess how the tourism sector perceives the cooperation and interface with the management institution. Semi-structured interviews were used, together with a framework of United Nations Development Programme principles of good governance: legitimacy and voice, direction, performance, accountability, and fairness. The results showed rather negative evaluations by the tourism sector, and operators expressed views, implying that the current management model fails to achieve most of the principles of good governance. Although based on a one-sided view by one group of stakeholders, the study suggests that lack of access to important processes and decisions, perceived bias towards traditional conservation, neglect of cultural heritage, and undue restrictions on access could have serious implications for developing an effective management model.     

南沙海域海底浅层第四系地震地层结构与地质意义

科技进步使得地震采集数据量及其精度实现质的飞跃,南沙海域的地震调查,采用国际先进水平的等离子震源,获得地震剖面精度优于3 m局部甚至可在1 m之内,为科学研究、工程、浅层资源、地质灾害预警等研究奠定基础.在南沙第四系识别出了七个地震反射界面,确定500 ms至海底沉积区间内地震层序与三期海平面升降并与冰期、间冰期对应,典型地震剖面展示第四纪至少有三套完整的具有三角洲顶积层、前积层、底积层的地震相证据,与全球的第四纪海平面的变化一致.精细的浅层地震结构表明：南沙的地质现象丰富,浅层断层非常发育,下切河谷、泥石流、滑坡等地质遗迹的形成的地震相清晰,是地质活动频繁的地区.

     

晚更新世以来南天山阿克苏地区地壳缩短率

作者研究南天山中段阿克苏—库车山前带活动断层,发现断层切过托木尔峰山麓第四纪冰碛物和阶地,形成2条断层崖。通过测量阶地和冰碛物的变形量,推断阶地和冰碛物的沉积年代,估算南天山中段阿克苏地区晚更新世以来的地壳缩短率可能为1.85mm/a。这个缩短率与库尔勒地区(2mm/a)和柯坪地区(1.8mm/a)的地壳缩短率一致,但是小于南天山西段喀什地区(10±2mm/a)和天山东段玛纳斯地区(6±3mm/a)的地壳缩短率,表明天山不同地段的地壳缩短率存在明显差异。     

利用多目标地球化学数据识别第四纪沉积物类型——基于概率神经网络方法

针对利用多目标地球化学数据研究第四纪沉积物类型问题,提出了基于概率神经网络的分类识别模型,并给出地球化学特征指标选取、指标归一化、神经网络设置和训练的具体方法、步骤。在吉林省中西部松嫩平原应用表明,该方法识别出8类不同成因的第四纪沉积物,较好地解决了该区第四纪沉积物成因归属问题。概率神经网络模型对第四纪沉积物类型的识别能力远高于常规多元统计方法,且结构简单、训练快捷。     

浮游有孔虫个体大小对硼同位素分析的影响

对比分析了太平洋(Site 806)、大西洋(Site 664)和加勒比海地区(Site 999)末次冰期最盛期和全新世钻孔顶部不同尺寸大小的浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides sacculifer(500～600μm和300～355μm)和Globi-gerinoides ruber(300～355μm和250～300μm)的硼同位素组分变化,发现个体相对较小的有孔虫样品由于受到样品量以及样品前处理过程的影响,其硼同位素在末次冰期最盛期出现异常,浮游有孔虫硼同位素分析,尤其是冰期-间冰期时间尺度上的硼同位素分析,适合用个体相对较大的有孔虫。末次冰期最盛期太平洋和加勒比海地区溶解作用可能加强,其G.sacculifer的硼同位素偏低,但G.ruber的硼同位素不受溶解作用的影响,能够反映末次冰期海水pH值的变化。三个钻孔末次冰期最盛期G.ruber的硼同位素比全新世的硼同位素平均高(1.3±1.2)‰(2s.e.),与理论预测值1.6‰一致。     

Migration of the Ganga river and its implication on hydro-geological potential of Varanasi area, U.P., India

Borehole data reveals that during Late Quaternary, the Ganga river was non-existent in its present location near Varanasi. Instead, it was flowing further south towards peripheral craton. Himalayan derived grey micaceous sands were being carried by southward flowing rivers beyond the present day water divide of Ganga and mixed with pink arkosic sand brought by northward flowing peninsular rivers. Subsequently, the Ganga shifted to its present position and got incised. Near Varanasi, the Ganga river is flowing along a NW-SE tectonic lineament. The migration of Ganga river is believed to have been in response to basin expansion caused due to Himalayan tectonics during Middle Pleistocene times. Multi-storied sand bodies generated as a result of channel migration provide excellent aquifers confined by a thick zone of muddy sediments near the surface. Good quality potable water is available at various levels below about 70 m depth in sandy aquifers. Craton derived gravelly coarse-to-medium grained sand forms the main aquifer zones of tens of meter thickness with enormous yield. In contrast, the shallow aquifers made up of recycled interfluve silt and sandy silt occur under unconfined conditions and show water-level fluctuation of a few meters during pre-and post-monsoon periods.