渤海海域第四系发育概况

渤海位于渤海湾新生代裂陷盆地的东部。该区第四纪构造活动强烈 ,历史上发生过多次7级以上地震。然而 ,渤海地区第四系的研究远不能与渤海湾盆地的陆地部分相比 ,有关第四系厚度分布的情况至今仍未见报道。为此 ,文中在综合已有研究成果的基础上 ,还利用新近系—第四系、新近系馆陶组和明化镇组的厚度分布资料 ,通过GIS与图像处理相结合的方法 ,编制了第四系厚度分布图。渤海地区第四系一般厚 30 0～ 6 0 0m ,局部厚达 80 0～ 10 0 0m ;渤海西部和东部第四系等厚线总体分别呈NW和NE向带状分布     

Characteristics of Quaternary deposits near Songjianghe Town on west slope of Changbai Mountain

On the basis of field survey, microscope sighting, TL dating and scanning electron microscope analysis, the characteristics of Quaternary deposits near Songjianghe Town on the west slope of Changbai Mountain are analyzed and described. There were two phases of volcanism during Mid-Late Quaternary. One occurred before 15.22 × 104 aB.P. and the other happened between 14.27 × 104 aB.P. and 1.41 × 104 aB.P. Volcanism is a landform-making process which makes the rough relief in the studied area become higher and higher. Flow water is a main erosion agency and it cuts into the basalts making river valleys. The Quaternary fluvial deposits distributed on terraces first come from the weathered debris of basement rocks, then they are transported and deposited by flow water. After 1.41 × 104 aB.P, the river water quickly cuts into the newly formed basalts making a deep valley. Volcanism in the studied area is a main landform-making event in Mid-Late Quaternary.     

青藏高原西部喀喇昆仑断裂活动构造研究进展综述

喀喇昆仑断裂系(KF)位于青藏高原西缘,具有右旋走滑性质,从帕米尔高原至尼泊尔西部延绵1 000多km。长期以来,对于喀喇昆仑断裂活动的起始时间、总位移量、在不同时间尺度上的滑移速率以及断层两端的精确位置等问题,都存在较大争议。为了更好的了解喀喇昆仑断裂现今的运动学特征及其与喜马拉雅—青藏高原陆内碰撞造山带的关系,确定喀喇昆仑断裂的滑移速率历史以及它随时间和/或空间的变化规律是极其重要的。目前研究表明,从现今的大地测量学尺度到几个百万年的地质学尺度,喀喇昆仑断裂走滑速率的变化范围为3～10 mm/yr。本论文对断裂各段的分布情况进行了详细描述,阐述了获得晚第四纪以来走滑速率的方法,回顾了喀喇昆仑断裂在大地测量学、晚第四纪以及地质学等不同时间尺度的走滑速率,并重点讨论了晚第四纪以来断裂的走滑速率。然后,确定了喀喇昆仑断裂北端的精确位置、讨论了其运动学意义和地震灾害效应。鉴于喀喇昆仑断裂具有长期的活动历史、规模巨大、运动速率较高,我们认为即使板块内部小尺度的似连续变形非常发育,板块模型依然可以很好的解释由于印度-亚洲板块碰撞造成的喜马拉雅北部的岩石圈变形。喀喇昆仑断裂、阿尔金断裂、昆仑断裂及龙木错—郭扎错断裂等青藏高原周缘的主要走滑断裂对青藏高原向东的挤出起着重要的调节作用。     

关中盆地城市群发展中几个关键基础地质问题

关中盆地属于断陷盆地,地质构造复杂,活动断裂发育,地震活动频繁,城市建设中面临一系列重大基础地质问题。在搜集分析关中盆地1 000多个各类钻孔数据的基础上,对关中盆地城市群1∶5万综合地质调查中实施的主要钻井和剖面进行研究,探讨了城市群发展中面临盆地形成演化与活动断裂规避、第四系下限与关中盆地三维地质结构重建、水系演化与城市发展、历史时期古洪水事件与海绵城市建设等基础地质问题。研究表明:①关中裂陷形成于中晚白垩纪,始新世开始成湖,经过多次断陷与隆起,形成2个沉积中心,到上新世时湖泊扩展达到最大范围,盆地第四纪以来仍处于持续、缓慢的下降接受沉积过程,受秦岭持续构造隆升的影响,沉积中心由南向北迁移,这将对城市群布局产生重要影响。关中盆地城市群建设要回避断裂交汇处、端点和断层运动的枢纽部位。②建议将绿三门组划为上新统,不宜划分到第四系,三门组的形成时代是穿时的,在关中盆地第四系与地下空间规划的时候需要进行关注和纠正。③城市规划建设要遵循河湖演化的自然规律和区域地质地貌特征,千年、百年一遇的洪水水位分别高于河漫滩7m和2.2m,最大年降水量超过900mm,但季节分布不均,可作为城市防洪水和海绵城市建设的设计依据。     

Buried channels provide keys to infer Quaternary stratigraphic and paleo-environmental changes:A case study from the west coast of India

High resolution shallow seismic data was acquired from inner continental shelf of Goa,west coast of India to map underlying stratigraphic and buried geomorphic features of shelf strata.Seismic data revealed characteristic channel incisions beneath 4-15 m thick sediment layer and corresponds to multi cycle incisions.Stratigraphic analysis of these incision signatures reveals three prominent subaerial unconformities S6,S7 and S9.These unconformities were exposed during the last glacial,penultimate glacial(MIS-6)and prior to penultimate glacial(MIS-8)periods.On the basis of interpreted age of subaerial unconformities and differences in their morphological features,observed channel incisions have been divided grossly into three phases of incision.Phase-1 incisions are older than ～330 kyr BP,whereas,incisions of Phase-2 and Phase-3 correspond to ～320-125 kyr BP and ～115-10 kyr BP respectively.Plan form of these incisions varied from a straight channel type to ingrown meander and then to anastomosing channel types.These channels meet at the confluence of present-day Mandovi and Zuari rivers.The confluence point has varied in due course of time because of cyclic incision and burial with repeated sea level fluctuations.The preserved main channel width varies from ～100 m to 1000 m.and maximum channel depth reaches up to ～35 m.Comparison of quantitative and qualitative morphologic results of different phases of incisions suggest that Phase-2 channels had ～33% more mean bank full discharge than that of the Phase-3 channels.Phase-2 incisions had been carved in higher hydraulic energy condition as compared to Phase-3 incisions implying that the Indian summer monsoon was better during formative stages of Phase-2 incisions.     

QUATERNARY GLACIATION SERIES ANDGLACIAL LANDFORM IN GONGWANG MOUNTAINS INNORTHEAST PART OF YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA

Therearemanyquaternaryglaciallandformsinalpineareasahave3100ma.s.1.intheGongWangMountainsinthenortheastpartofYunnanProvinceofChina.TheglaciationseriesandtheglaciallandformsoftheQuaternaryhaveoncebeencoveredinanarticlesketchily(Yietal.,1991).Onthebasisoffieldinvestigationsinrecentyears,we'11goastepfurthertodiscusstheQuaternaryglaciationseriesandtheglacierlandfo~sthereinthisPaper.I.TabsQU~ANANYG~W~TheGOngWangMountainsissituatedbetweentwobranchesoftheJinshaRiver,theXiaojiangandthePudu…     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

Late Pleistocene to early Holocene aeolian activity in the upper and middle Shoalhaven catchment,New South Wales

Thermoluminescence dating of relict source‐bordering dunes in the middle and upper Shoalhaven catchment show them to have been active between 19ka and 6ka. During this time, except for a brief period of dune stability sometime between 18 ka and 14ka, the climate of this area was considerably drier than present. The onset of aeolian activity here coincides with the glacial maximum indicating that it was not until then that arid or semi‐arid conditions were able to penetrate the humid coastal rim of south‐east Australia. The extension of these conditions into the early Holocene, whilst supported by the palaeobotanical record of nearby Lake George, contrasts with pollen evidence from other nearby catchments, suggesting that there were variable environmental responses throughout the south‐east highlands of NSW to the amelioration in climate during the early Holocene.     

Late Quaternary evolution of Lake Urana,New South Wales,Australia

Lake Urana is a well-preserved relict lake in the semi-arid Riverine Plain of southeastern Australia. A compound lunette at its eastern shoreline consists of a quartz-sand-dominated unit (Bimbadeen Formation), thermoluminescence (TL) dated at 30 ka to 12 ka, and a clay and sand facies unit (Coonong Formation), dated at 55 ka to 35 ka. The intervening period indicates a phase of periodically exposed lake floor and soil formation. The older wet phase conforms well with similar environments recorded from the same period at Lake Mungo. However, the return to high water levels from 30 ka to 12 ka departs sharply from the generally accepted palaeoclimatic model from Australia, which demands severe glacial maximum desiccation and widespread construction of clay lunettes. Although hydrological budgets calculated for Lake Urana and nearby Lake Cullivel require high glacial maximum water levels they do not support higher precipitation.