The stratigraphy and composition of the Latterbarrow and Redmain sandstones,Lake District,England

The Latterbarrow Formation, 400 m thick, has been mapped and subdivided informally into three members. These consist of quartz wacke sandstone and, in the upper member only, intercalated mudstones. The formation unconformably overlies the fossiliferous Skiddaw Group of late Tremadoc to middle Arenig age and is overlain disconformably by volcanic rocks that have been attributed to the Borrowdale Volcanic Group. Chemically, the sandstones are characterized by very low concentrations of CaO, Na₂O, and K₂O and unusually high total iron. MnO and MgO, such that iron, as Fe₂O₃, exceeds Al₂O₃. Mudstone in the upper member is illite rich, has a high K₂O content and is compositionally similar to K-bentonites derived from volcanic ash. Sedimentary structures and petrography suggest that the sediments were deposited in a sandy estuary and were derived from a similar source area to that of the Skiddaw Group. Throughout the succession there is evidence of distal volcanism, probably representing the earliest eruptions of the Borrowdale volcanic episode. The Redmain Formation, 100 m thick, is unconformably overlain by Carboniferous rocks but its relationship to the underlying Skiddaw Group is unknown. Though this lithic arenite shows some petrographic and geochemical similarities with the Latterbarrow sandstone, differences are such that it is possible they are not equivalent in age. The Redmain sandstone may be derived from the erosion of Skiddaw Group rocks.     

四川康定县贵台子金矿地质特征及成因模式

康定贵台子金矿位于大渡河金多金属成矿远景区中段,矿体主要受构造及岩浆岩控制,成矿流体来自深部,矿床类型属石英脉型金矿.在康定杂岩高含金性的基础上,通过中—新生代以来的构造—热事件作用,金元素再次活化富集和迁移.在有利部位重新就位形成工业矿体.     

湘西金矿外围石英脉含金性评价的矿物学标志

笔者对湘西金矿外围(东部)层间石英脉的主要载金矿物——石英进行了含金性评价的矿物学研究,除了石英的标型特征及包裹体评价之外,还着重进行了谱学评价,包括红外光谱(IR)、电子顺磁共振谱(EPR)、热发光光谱(TL)、X射线粉晶衍射谱(XRPD)以及阴极发光光谱(CL)等近代测试新方法,其中运用阴极发光光谱对石英脉含金性进行评价尚属首次,并据总结出的石英脉含金性评价的矿物学标志,预测了外围四个工作小区的成矿远景。     

锡铁山铅锌矿中石英,方解石的热发光研究

在测试锡铁山铅锌矿中石英、方解石热发光的基础上，结合石英、方解石中微量元素特征，研究其热发光曲线特征和参数特征，并对比其它铅锌矿区石英、方解石热发光的资料，认为锡铁山铅锌矿中石英的热发光强度愈大，反映的含矿性愈差；方解石的热发光受其方解石中Ｍｎ＾２＋（Ｆｅ＾２＋）和ＲＥＥ＾３＋的影响，靠近矿体的方解石热发光强度降低，为进一步扩大矿区找矿工作提供了石英、方解石热发光的科学依据。     

Origin of lamprophyres by the mixing of basic and alkaline melts in magma chamber in Beiya area, western Yunnan, China

Lamprophyres consisting mainly of diopside, phlogopite and K-feldspar formed in the early Tertiary around 60 Ma in the Beiya area and are characterized by low SiO₂ ± 46–50 wt.%), Rb (31–45 ppm) and Sr (225–262 ppm), high Al₂O₃, (11.2–13.1 wt.%), CaO (8.0–8.7 wt.%), MgO (11.5–12.1 wt.%), K₂O(4.9–5.5 wt.%), TiO₂ (2.9–3.3 wt.%) and REE (174–177 ppm), and compatible elements (e.g. Sc, Cr and Ni) and HSF elements (e.g. Th, U, Zr, Nb, Ta, Ti and Y), and low ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd 0.512372–0.512536, middle ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr 0.707322–0.707395, middle ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 18.50–18.59, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 15.60–15.65 and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb 38.75–38.8. These rocks developed peculiar quartz megacrysts with poly-layer reaction zones, melt inclusions, and partial melted K-feldspar and plagioclase inclusions, and plastic shapes. Important features of these rocks include: (1) hybrid composition of elements, (2) abrupt increase of SiO₂ content of the melt, recorded by zoned diopside, (3) development of sanidine and aegirine-augite reaction zones, (4) alkaline melt and partial melted K-feldspar and plagioclase inclusions, (5) deformed quartz inclusions associated with quartz megacrysts, (6) the presence of quartz megacrysts in plastic shape with their parent melts, (7) the occurrence of olivine, high-MgO ilmenite and spinel inclusions within earlier formed diopside, phlogopite and magnetite. Median ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values between Tertiary alkaline porphyries in the Beiya area and the western Yunnan and Tertiary basalt in the western Yunnan indicate that the Beiya lamprophyre melts were derivative and resulted from the mixing between basic melts that were related to the partial melting of phenocrysts of spinel iherzolite from a mantle source. The alkaline melts originated from partial melting along the Jinshajiang subduction ductile shear zone at the contact between the buried Palaeo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere and the upper mantle lithosphere. The alkaline melts are composed of 65% sanidine (Or₇₀Ab₂₈An₂) and 35% SiO₂. The melt mixing occurred in magma chambers in the middle-shallow crust at 8–10 km before the derivative lamprophyre melts intruded into the shallow cover in Beiya area. This mixing of basic and alkaline melts might represent a general process for the formation of lamprophyre in the western Yunnan.     

云南元阳小河边石英脉型金多金属矿

金矿赋存于晚古生代第一期闪长岩体、小新街断裂两侧次一级断层破碎带含金石英脉中.原生矿石中以粒状自然金为主,粗粒—细粒.尚见叶片状、针尖状、不规则状金.含金石英脉有四个成生阶段,以第二、第三阶段含金性较好.矿床属中—高温闪长岩次级压扭性断裂中石英脉型金矿.     

Improvement of the quartz sand processing at Hohenbocka

The raw sands from Hohenbocka (Germany) containing iron essentially in pyrite form is used for glass grade sands processing by dump leaching for several weeks followed by attrition and two-stage classification. The analysis of the sands by means of X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (RFA) showed an average of about 420 ppm Fe. The objective of this investigation was to reduce the processing time and the total iron content below 105 ppm in the sand product for special glass applications. Due to the presence of sulfide and oxide iron at different ratios in raw sands, a combination of chemical and physical methods was investigated. Leaching was carried out at different acid concentrations, followed by surface cleaning by neutral and alkaline attrition, and gravity separation. Additionally, the effect of continuous addition of H₂O₂ during leaching to remove iron from sands was investigated. Only two days of leaching was required at the initial acid concentration to 25 g/L. After attrition and tabling of leached sands, a product with 84 ppm of iron was achieved. The continuous removal of dissolved metals by adsorption with active carbon could make it possible to reuse the regenerated sulphuric acid for leaching. With recirculation, the quantity of fresh sulphuric acid required was 0.4 kg/t of quartz sand.     

论石英脉型与矽卡岩型钨矿床成矿流体的差异性

石英脉型与矽卡岩型是最重要的两类钨矿床,二者间存在密切的成因联系,均经历了同源碱长花岗岩岩浆分异演化至晚期形成的浆液过渡态流体,进而演化至热液阶段,但二者成矿地质特征不同,成矿流体的差异性明显。通过对湖南瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿与杮竹园矽卡岩型钨锡多金属矿的对比性研究,发现这种差异性自岩浆晚期阶段就开始了,热液阶段差异性更加显著。脉型钨矿成矿物质和成矿流体具有较单一岩浆来源,无明显外来流体的加入。与花岗岩相比,云英岩中的熔流包裹体气液部分含量更高,逐渐向流体包裹体演化。钨矿化石英脉的流体包裹体均一温度主要集中于350~150℃,盐度2%~8%NaC leqv,变化范围小;流体富CO2,Na+/K+1,成矿环境偏酸性。除岩浆至热液演化过程外,热液阶段的演化进程不明显,没有经历明显的沸腾和系统的降温过程。包括花岗岩、蚀变岩、石英脉等,石英的δ18O值相似,成矿体系的水/岩比值较低。矽卡岩型钨矿的成矿花岗岩浆受碳酸盐岩同化混染的影响,Ca、S含量增高。与多成矿阶段相对应,成矿流体温度、盐度跨度大,均一温度550~100℃,盐度35%~2%NaC leqv。岩浆晚期阶段及矽卡岩阶段,发生于岩浆固结之前大规模隐爆作用,引起成矿流体的沸腾,进而导致流体的高盐度、低CO2、Na+/K+1。CO2的逸失提高了体系的pH值,弱碱性环境下发生广泛钾长石化,流体属岩浆水性质。退变质氧化物阶段,均一温度450~250℃,盐度15%NaC leqv,大气降水参与成矿体系导致温度、盐度迅速降低。流体中高度富含Ca2+,是导致大规模白钨矿沉淀富集的主要机制。硫化物阶段,均一温度250℃,盐度10%NaC leqv,成矿流体中来自大气降水比例进一步增加,导致温度、盐度进一步降低,成矿环境向弱酸性转变。引起两类钨矿成矿流体差异性的主要原因包括:岩浆性质略有不同;沉积岩围岩尤其是碳酸盐岩的影响;隐爆作用的剧烈程度不同。     

云南盈江地瓜山钨锡矿矿化特征

地瓜山钨锡矿是近年滇西发现的高温热液石英脉型钨锡矿床,矿床产于喜马拉雅期麻蓬岭岗侵入体(Eηγb)与高黎贡山群变质岩接触带内带,近南北向剪切断裂(裂隙)带的有利部位,该区及外围实现找矿重大突破完全有可能。     

石英、黄铁矿及其包裹体的稀土元素特征——以胶东焦家式金矿为例

本文采用ICP—MS测定了焦家、马塘、东季、红布等焦家式金矿床中黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素组成。结果表明：采用ICP—MS直接测定黄铁矿包裹体的稀土元素是可行的；包裹体爆裂丰度虽然对稀土总量有影响，但矿源稀土元素背景值的差异也是流体中稀土总量差别的主要原因之一。∑REE、δEu、δCe及LREE／HREE、(La/Yb)N、(Ce/Yb)N、(La／Lu)N都是有意义的稀土元素特征参数；焦家式金矿同一成矿阶段黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素特征相似，显示了它们的同源特征；不同成矿阶段黄铁矿、石英及其包裹体的稀土元素特征有差异，反映了其成矿流体特征的差异。