大兴安岭南段内蒙古白音查干Sn多金属矿床石英斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Nd-Hf同位素特征及地质意义

白音查干矿床位于内蒙古自治区西乌珠穆沁旗,是大兴安岭南段新发现的一处大型Sn多金属矿床,也是该地区近些年来Sn矿找矿的重大突破。本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法首次测得与成矿有关的石英斑岩成岩年龄为141.7±0.8Ma至140.2±1.1Ma。这一年龄与区内其他Sn多金属矿床成矿岩体的成岩年龄范围基本一致,说明大兴安岭南段与Sn成矿作用有关的花岗质岩石主要形成于早白垩世(140Ma左右)。全岩主量、微量和稀土元素地球化学特征显示,石英斑岩具有较高的SiO_2含量(70.99%~76.98%)、FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)值(0.90~0.97)、FeOT/MgO值(9.45~36.3)及10000×Ga/Al值(5.9~8.2)和较低的MgO(0.13%~0.18%)、TiO_2(0.10%~0.12%)及P2O5含量(0.02%~0.03%);稀土元素总量较低,配分模式呈轻稀土元素富集和明显负δEu异常的特点;微量元素富集Rb、U、Ta、Nd、Hf等元素,亏损Ba、K、Sr、P、Ti等元素。以上这些特征均说明,石英斑岩具备A型花岗岩的特点。微量元素、全岩Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素结果显示,岩石具有较高的εNd(t)(+3.6~+3.8)和εHf(t)(+8.2~+11.6)值以及年轻的二阶段模式年龄(t_(NdDM2)为0.63~0.62Ga;t_(HfDM2)为0.67~0.45Ga),说明石英斑岩可能为幔源新生地壳物质部分熔融的产物,并在岩浆演化过程中经历了结晶分异作用。结合区域地质特征、成岩年代学、岩石地球化学和Nd-Hf同位素数据可知,大兴安岭南段晚中生代与Sn成矿作用有关的花岗岩以源区富含大量幔源新生地壳物质为特点,主要形成于晚中生代软流圈上涌所导致的岩石圈伸展的背景下。     

石英中铝、钙和镁的纳米离子探针原位分析标准物质研究

石英胶结物是砂岩中重要的胶结物类型。用纳米离子探针(CAMECA Nano SIMS 50L)对石英胶结物中Al、Ca和Mg等重要微量元素进行原位分析,可为成岩作用研究提供重要基础依据。然而,由于缺乏相应的标准物质,一直不能对石英胶结物中Al、Ca和Mg进行研究。针对不均一的石英颗粒样品,文中采用细磨、混合、高温熔融(2000℃,6个小时)与快速冷却等措施,制作均一化的石英玻璃。经纳米离子探针验证,该石英玻璃中Al、Ca和Mg在亚微米尺度上是均一的,已能满足成岩作用研究的需要。随后,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了石英玻璃中Al、Ca和Mg的含量。相对灵敏度因子分析显示,这些测试结果是协调、合理的。该均一化的石英玻璃可作为亚微米尺度Al、Ca和Mg原位分析的标准物质。     

Quartz chemistry – A step to understanding magmatic-hydrothermal processes in ore-bearing granites: Cínovec/Zinnwald Sn-W-Li deposit,Central Europe

Quartz from granites, greisens and quartz veins from a 1596 m long vertical section through the Cínovec/Zinnwald Li-Sn-W deposit (Czech Republic) was studied using cathodoluminescence (CL) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP MS). The trace contents of Al, Ti, Li and the Ge/Ti and Al/Ti values in quartz reflect the degree of fractionation of parental melt from which primary quartz crystallized. From the biotite granite to the younger zinnwaldite granite, quartz is characterized by increasing contents of Al (from 136–176 to 240–280 ppm) and decreasing Ti (from 16–54 to 6–14 ppm), while the contents of Li and Ge are similar (15–36 and 0.8–1.7 ppm, respectively). Quartz of the greisen stage and vein stage is poor in all measured elements (26–59 ppm Al, 0.5–1.6 ppm Ti, 2–13 ppm Li, 0.8–1.6 ppm Ge). The youngest low-temperature quartz forming thin coatings in vugs in greisen and veins differs in its extreme enrichment in Al (>1000 ppm) and Li (∼100 ppm) and very low Ti (<1 ppm). Within the greisen, remnants of primary magmatic quartz should be distinguished from metasomatic greisen-stage quartz in their higher intensity of CL and relatively higher Ti contents. A part of primary magmatic quartz may by secondarily purified via infiltration of hydrothermal fluids and dissolution–reprecipitation processes. Such quartz parallels newly formed greisen-stage quartz in its chemical and CL properties; the share of greisen-stage quartz may by therefore overestimated.     

Overpressure preventing quartz cementation? – Comment to Stricker et al. (2016)

There is increasing evidence that quartz cementation can be viewed as a process controlled by temperature and insensitive to effective stress. This view of quartz cementation in sandstones is often referred to as the illite-mica induced dissolution model (IMID), which assumes quartz dissolution to occur along stylolites and clay laminae rather than at quartz-quartz grain contacts. In the present comment it is argued that the exceptional reservoir quality in the Skagerrak Formation of the Heron Cluster, North Sea, is due to grain coatings and rapid Cenozoic burial limiting the exposure to quartz cementation. This line of reasoning implies overpressure has had neglectable porosity preserving effect in the Heron Cluster.     

Controls on reservoir quality in exhumed basins – an example from the Ordovician sandstone,Illizi Basin,Algeria

Petroleum exploration in many North African intracratonic basins targets Early Paleozoic sandstones as the primary reservoir objective. These sandstones are often characterized by highly variable reservoir quality (0.0001–1000 mD), and the ability to predict and selectively target areas of enhanced porosity and permeability is crucial to unlock the hydrocarbon potential. The objective of this study is to characterize the primary controls on reservoir quality in an Ordovician field in the Illizi Basin of Algeria through detailed core and petrographic analysis, and establish if variations in thermal history across the field have a material impact on reservoir quality. The best reservoir quality is observed in facies where primary intergranular porosity has been preserved in fine to coarse grained quartzarenites with less than 1% fibrous illite. These lithologies are most commonly found within the high-energy, tidally reworked, post-glacial facies sandstones of the uppermost Ordovician succession. Observed differences in quartz cement volume within compositionally and texturally similar samples from the southern and northern parts of the field are interpreted to reflect variations in thermal exposure due to deeper burial. This interpretation is supported by field-wide numerical modelling of sandstone diagenesis. This study indicates that subtle variations in thermal history can have a material impact on the spatial trends in reservoir permeability. Thermal history, therefore, is an important consideration in reservoir quality studies in exhumed basins where variations in present-day burial depth will be a poor guide for evaluating reservoir quality risk across a basin or play.     

Research Advances in ESR Provenance Tracing Methods of Quartz in Sediments

The ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) signals of quartz is a newly developed sediment provenance tracing method. In this paper, the various ESR signals in quartz, historical development of quartz ESR signals in sediment provenance tracing, thermal stability characteristics of heat treated E’ center, the potential use of quartz nature E’ center and the irradiated Al/Ti center, as well as successful applications in aeolian sediments, river sediments and marine sediments provenance tracing, were briefly reviewed. The most useful ESR centers of quartz include the heat treated E’ center, the nature E’ center, the Al center and the Ti center. According to recent application researches, the heat-treated E’ center is the most commonly practiced among them while the significance of provenance tracing by Al and Ti centers are still in experimental and theoretical stage. Moreover, nature signal intensities of quartz E’ center not only show a significant dependence on lithology both in bedrocks and deposits, but also can reflect the mixture ratio of deposits with different types of sourced bedrocks. As for the study objects, this method has been successfully used in the studies of provenance area of East Asian dust, the temporal and spatial changes of Loess Plateau provenance, the provenance change of aeolian sediment over time and space on Japanese Islands, as well as sediment provenance tracing of Japan Sea sediments. In addition, the ESR provenance tracing of quartz has promising application prospect in quantitative and semi-quantitative analysis of fluvial sediment provenance tracing. Along with the development of ESR dating, this method can significantly reflect and reconstruct the relationship among regional tectonic movements, geomorphic evolution, and climate evolution. In future work, the combination of trace elements provenance tracing and ESR signals provenance tracing in quartz will help improve and promote the development of sediments provenance tracing methods.     

河南小秦岭石英脉型金矿床工业矿体构造定位规律及其机制

河南小秦岭地区广泛发育含金石英脉型金矿床,主要工业矿脉依产状分为近东西向南倾及近南北向东倾两组,脉内工业矿体构造定位规律明显。研究表明,近东西向矿脉内工业矿体平面上主要产于控矿断裂走向东西方向段,剖面上产于断裂倾角较缓部位,在三维空间范围内工业矿体总体具向东侧伏展布规律;而近南北向矿脉内工业矿体主要受断裂走向变化影响,平面上多产于断裂带南北走向段,且在三维空间范围无明显侧伏现象。文章最后结合控矿断裂产状、空间形态变化及成矿期断裂运动方式特征等对矿脉内工业矿体规律性构造就位机制进行了分析。     

Chronology of the Upper Pleistocene loess sequence of Havrincourt (France) and associated Palaeolithic occupations: A Bayesian approach from pedostratigraphy,OSL, radiocarbon,TL and ESR/U-series data

In connection with the future Seine-North Europe Canal (Seine-Scheldt), a large-scale rescue archaeological survey was conducted at Havrincourt (northern France) between 2008 and 2011. The discovery of several levels of Palaeolithic flint artefacts embedded in a relatively thick loess sequence (ca 6–7 m) preserved on a gentle slope facing North-East, resulted in a 6000 m² excavation. This opened the opportunity for a detailed pedosedimentary and interdisciplinary geochronological survey (¹⁴C, optically stimulated luminescence, thermoluminescence, ESR/U-series) that has allowed us date the sequence reliably. On the basis of these results we propose this sequence as a new pedostratigraphic and archaeological reference sequence for northern France. We present here the optical dating of the sequence performed on fine (4–11 μm) quartz grains extracted from 17 samples. The luminescence characteristics of these extracts indicate that the single-aliquot regenerative dose optically stimulated luminescence (SAR-OSL) procedure that was applied is well suited. A consistent set of optical ages was obtained for the loess deposited up to around 70 ka ago. Independent age control (pedostratigraphy, ¹⁴C, ESR/U-series dates) allowed us to apply a Bayesian approach to build a chronometric model. This in turn enabled a regional chronostratigraphic framework to be built, to constrain the correlations with neighboring regions (northern France and Belgium) and to calculate a precise age for the four Palaeolithic levels discovered, including a unique occupation related to the early Upper Palaeolithic which was previously unknown in the area.     

Single-grain quartz OSL dating of debris flow deposits from Men Tou Gou,south west Beijing,China

Debris flows in the mountainous regions south west of Beijing, China occur frequently and often result in considerable mass movements with disastrous consequences for human life, infrastructure and agriculture. Obtaining chronological information on such events is important for the prediction of the return frequency of these debris flows, risk assessment and climate change research. In this project, we use quartz single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods to determine the burial ages of five debris flow samples from the Zhai Tang region ∼60 km west of Beijing. OSL characteristics were found to be acceptable despite the low inherent brightness of quartz extracted from these samples. Single-grain thermal transfer was determined to be negligible and beta dose recovery experiments were satisfactory. The quartz single-grain dose distributions strongly indicate that the samples were poorly bleached prior to deposition; relative over-dispersions are larger than 60%. Minimum age modelling indicates that all five samples were deposited within the past few hundred years, indicating that catastrophic debris flows are occurring under the historically-recent land-use pattern.     

EPR investigation of the role of germanium centers in the production of the 110°C thermoluminescence peak in quartz

The identification of the center acting as electron source for the well-known 110 °C thermoluminescence (TL) peak of quartz is of fundamental importance for practical applications in dating and dosimetry. This TL peak was studied in parallel with the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal of the [GeO₄]⁻ center on natural colourless quartz irradiated at room temperature. Immediately after irradiation, the signals of the 110 °C TL peak and of [GeO₄]⁻ center decay exponentially in the same way, yielding a lifetime of 50.4 ± 0.9 min at room temperature. Besides, we acquired the isothermal decay curves for the 110 °C TL peak and [GeO₄]⁻ center at different temperatures (the samples were held at the selected temperature in the range of 260–308 K). The lifetimes extracted by the isothermal decays were plotted as a function of reciprocal temperature, revealing again the same behavior of the 110 °C TL peak and [GeO₄]⁻ center, both characterized by activation energies very close of 0.76 ± 0.07 eV and 0.77 ± 0.07 eV, respectively. All results of the present work clearly show the role of electron source of [GeO₄]⁻ center in the emission mechanism of the 110 °C TL peak in quartz.