江苏镇江谏壁岩体特征与钼(钨)矿床类型

谏壁钼(钨)矿床是产于下扬子地台中的一类斑岩型矿床。在大陆边缘活动带中，陆壳碰撞、俯冲，形成了壳幔混源型中酸性、钙碱性杂岩体，为中—浅成相。岩石的演化、分异于岩浆的晚期产生了各类中酸性斑岩脉体，沿主岩体的碎裂岩化带产出。区内成矿物质主要来源于岩浆，可能有部分的围岩有益组分的加入。成矿温度、压力为中—低温和低压。矿化作用主要为热液充填作用，与石英脉带紧密相关。矿石类型为细脉状、网脉状、细脉浸染状等。矿体围岩蚀变不具有“环带模式”。因此，矿床属斑岩—石英脉型热液充填—交代钼(钨)矿床。与斑岩型(铜)矿床相比仍有一定的差异，而与钨、钼一类矿床相近。     

Unprecedented last-glacial mass accumulation rates determined by luminescence dating of loess from western Nebraska

A high-resolution chronology for Peoria (last glacial period) Loess from three sites in Nebraska, midcontinental North America, is determined by applying optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to 35–50 μm quartz. At Bignell Hill, Nebraska, an OSL age of 25,000 yr near the contact of Peoria Loess with the underlying Gilman Canyon Formation shows that dust accumulation occurred early during the last glacial maximum (LGM), whereas at Devil’s Den and Eustis, Nebraska, basal OSL ages are significantly younger (18,000 and 21,000 yr, respectively). At all three localities, dust accumulation ended at some time after 14,000 yr ago. Mass accumulation rates (MARs) for western Nebraska, calculated using the OSL ages, are extremely high from 18,000 to 14,000 yr—much higher than those calculated for any other pre-Holocene location worldwide. These unprecedented MARs coincide with the timing of a mismatch between paleoenvironmental evidence from central North America, and the paleoclimate simulations from atmospheric global circulation models (AGCMs). We infer that the high atmospheric dust loading implied by these MARs may have played an important role, through radiative forcing, in maintaining a colder-than-present climate over central North America for several thousand years after summer insolation exceeded present-day values.     

大坪金矿石英标型特征及其找矿意义

元阳大坪金矿属含金石英脉型。石英的形态、微形貌、结构、化学成分及各种物性中赋有大量金矿化成因信息。对石英进行产状、化学成分、晶胞参数、红外光谱和包裹体的研究结果表明：成矿作用的五个阶段中，矿化强烈的Ⅲ、Ⅳ阶段石英的特征与其它阶段相比有明显区别：主成分中SiO2含量相对较低，杂质成分较高，包裹体数量多，晶胞参数较大。这些特征对寻找有价值的矿体极具指示作用。     

Mineralogical and compositional characteristics of Late Permian coals from an area of high lung cancer rate in Xuan Wei, Yunnan, China: Occurrence and origin of quartz and chamosite

Some townships in Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, have one of the highest lung cancer mortality rates in China and the epidemic disease in the area has generally been attributed to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released from domestic coal burning. However, the cancer-causing culprit is not settled as Tian [Tian, L., 2005. Coal Combustion Emissions and Lung Cancer in Xuan Wei, China. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.] found nanometer quartz in these coals, soot emissions, and lung cancer tissues. We have conducted mineralogical and geochemical studies of the coals from Xuan Wei for the purpose of shedding light on the minerals which may be related to the epidemic lung cancer. In this paper, abundances, modes of occurrence, and origins of minerals and elements in the coals from two mines in Xuan Wei have been studied using optical microscope, low-temperature ashing, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The minerals in the coals are mainly composed of quartz, chamosite, kaolinite, and calcite. The particle size of quartz is rather small, mostly less than 20 μm and it is of authigenic origin. Chamosite occurs mainly as cell-fillings. The occurrence of quartz and chamosite indicates that they were derived from the hydrothermal fluids. Epigenetic calcite is derived from calcic fluids. Kaolinite is derived mainly from sediment source region of Kangdian Oldland to the west of coal basin. The composition of Xuan Wei coal is high in SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, CaO, MnO, V, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn. The high SiO₂ content is attributed to quartz, and the Fe₂O₃ content to chamosite. The high Mn and low Mg contents in the coal indicate the inputs of hydrothermal fluids. CaO occurs mainly in epigenetic calcite. Elements Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and rare earth elements were derived from the basaltic rocks at sediment source region.     

三江中段铜多金属矿床流体成矿作用:微量元素地球化学证据

研究区属"三江成矿带"中段,包含三个不同的地质构造单元,由西向东依次为金沙江混杂岩带、中咱地块、义敦岛弧带。本文通过对这三个构造单元中代表性铜多金属矿床中热液石英脉进行系统的采样和微量稀土元素分析,讨论了各构造单元中石英脉的微量及稀土元素地球化学特征及分布模式,在此基础上结合研究区的地质背景及演化,进一步讨论石英脉中微量元素的指示意义。结果表明:1)研究区石英脉中Cu、Zn等成矿元素与亲岩浆元素呈较好正相关,指示成矿与岩浆活动的联系,微量元素地球化学特征指示中咱地块成矿流体与岩浆活动的联系较为密切;2)中咱地块石英脉稀土元素地球化学特征与义敦岛弧带和金沙江混杂岩带成矿流体差异较大,中咱地块流体稀土元素接近于地幔的稀土组成特征,稀土元素配分曲线为近于水平的平缓曲线,稀土元素特征参数表明形成于相对还原的环境,反映出深部来源很可能是中咱地块成矿流体的主要物质来源;3)石英微量元素地球化学特征的研究为本区区域构造演化提供了佐证,金沙江混杂岩带和义敦岛弧带的成矿流体特征较为相似,而在中咱地块与扬子陆块夹持间形成的义敦岛弧带成矿流体与中咱地块存在较大的元素地球化学差异。本文通过对石英的微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征的研究为该区的区域成矿特征、热液流体成因和构造演化提供了证据,并对西南三江地区的找矿理论提出了建议。     

A fracture mechanics study of subcritical tensile cracking of quartz in wet environments

Load relaxation and cross-head displacement rate-change experiments have been used to establish log₁₀ stress intensity factor (K) versus log₁₀ crack velocity (v) diagrams for double torsion specimens, of synthetic quartz cracked on thea plane in liquid water and moist air.For crack propagation normal toz and normal tor at 20°C,K _Ic (the critical stress intensity factor) was found to be 0.852±0.045 MN·m^–3/2 and 1.002±0.048 MN·m^–3/2, respectively.Subcritical crack growth at velocities from 10^–3 m·s^–1 to 10^–9 m·s^–1 at temperatures from 20°C to 80°C is believed to be facilitated by chemical reaction between the siloxane bonds of the quartz and the water or water vapour of the environment (stress corrosion). The slopes, of isotherms in theK-v diagrams are dependent upon crystallographic orientation. The isotherms have a slope of 12±0.6 for cracking normal tor and 19.9±1.7 for cracking normal toz. The activation enthalpy for crack propagation in the former orientation in liquid water at temperatures from 20°C to 80°C is 52.5±3.8 kJ·mole^–1.A discussion is presented of the characteristics of theK-v diagrams for quartz.     

石英的电子顺磁共振波谱在金矿评价中的应用

本文研究的是昔遍存在于石英样品中的O--AI空穴心和E心。根据石英中O--AI心和E心的电子顺磁共振波谱随石英脉形成温度变化的特征,可间接地推测主成矿阶段。石英的O--AI心强度与矿石含金量呈正相关关系,相关系数γ=0.61(a=0.01)。在4个钻孔中,石英的O--AI心强度与含金量具有相同的变化趋势。石英的O--AI心强度与含金量的这种正相关关系可作为金矿床成矿预测及找矿评价的标志之一。     

鲁西北西向断裂的断层泥及其地震地质意义

对鲁西北西向断裂的断层泥进行了较系统的研究。通过对断层泥的宏观特征、断层泥中石英碎砾的表面结构特征和断层泥的成熟度的研究,确定了断裂活动的地质时代、运动方式、破裂形式和活动度,并对断层泥的地震地质意义进行了讨论     

茶陵县塘前萤石矿床简介

塘前萤石矿床,产于锡田复式岩体内部相黑云母花岗岩中,呈脉状,受断裂控制,矿石含CaF_2达76％以上。充填于断裂中的石英脉,成分单纯,含SiO_2达96％以上,可作硅石矿开采使用。     

Two-stage exhumation of subducted Saxothuringian continental crust records underplating in the subduction channel and collisional forced folding (Krkonoše-Jizera Mts., Bohemian Massif)

The Krkonoše-Jizera Massif in the northern part of the Variscan Bohemian Massif provides insight into the exhumation mechanisms for subducted continental crust. The studied region exposes a relatively large portion of a flat-lying subduction-related complex that extends approximately 50 km away from the paleosuture. wide extent of HP-LT metamorphism has been confirmed by new P-T estimates indicating temperatures of 400–450 °C at 14–16 kbar and 450–520 °C at 14–18 kbar for the easternmost and westernmost parts of the studied area, respectively. A detailed study of metamorphic assemblages associated with individual deformation fabrics together with analysis of quartz deformation microstructures and textures allowed characterisation of the observed deformation structures in terms of their subduction-exhumation memory. An integration of the lithostratigraphic, metamorphic and structural data documents a subduction of distal and proximal parts of the Saxothuringian passive margin to high-pressure conditions and their subsequent exhumation during two distinct stages. The initial stage of exhumation has an adiabatic character interpreted as the buoyancy driven return of continental material from the subduction channel resulting in underplating and progressive nappe stacking at the base of the Teplá-Barrandian upper plate. With the transition from continental subduction to continental collision during later stages of the convergence, the underplated high-pressure rocks were further exhumed due to shortening in the accretionary wedge. This shortening is associated with the formation of large-scale recumbent forced folds extending across the entire studied area.