Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Tongshankou and Yinzu Adakitic Intrusive Rocks and the Associated Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Mineralization in Southeast Hubei, East China

Abstract. The late Jurassic Tongshankou and Yinzu plutons in southeast Hubei have been investigated for their contrasting metal mineralization features. The former is closely associated with porphyry Cu‐Mo mineralization, while the latter is barren of metal mineralization, althouth both are located very close to each other. The Tongshankou granodiorite porphyries and the Yinzu granodiorites are geochemically similar to adakites, e.g., high Al₂O₃ and Sr contents and La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios, enriched in Na₂O, depleted in Y and Yb, very weak Eu anomalies and positive Sr anomalies. However, different geochemi‐cal characteristics exist between the two plutons: the Tongshankou adakitic rocks (1) are relatively enriched in SiO₂, K₂O, MgO, Cr, Ni, and Sr and depleted in Y and Yb; (2) have higher degree REE differentiation; (3) have positive Eu anomalies in contrast with very weak negative or unclear Eu anomalies in the Yinzu rocks; and (4) isotopically have relatively higher eP_Nd(t) values (‐5.19 to ‐5.38) and lower initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7060 to 0.7062), while the Yinzu adakitic rocks have relatively lower eP_Nd(t) values (‐7.22 to ‐8.67) and higher initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7065 to 0.7074). The trace element and isotopic data demonstrate that the Tongshankou adakitic rocks were most probably originated from partial melting of delaminated lower crust with garnet being the main residual mineral whereas little or no plagioclase in the source. On the contrary, the Yinzu adakitic rocks were likely derived from partial melting of thickened lower crust, with residual garnet and a small quantity of plagioclase and hornblende in the source. Interactions between the adakitic magmas and mantle peridotites possibly took place during the ascent of the Tongshankou adakitic magmas through the mantle, considering that MgO, Cr, and Ni contents and eP_Nd(t) values of the adakitic magmas were possibly elevated and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios were possibly lowered due to the contamination of mantle peridotites. In addition, the Fe₂O₃ of the adakitic magmas was likely released into the mantle and the oxygen fugacities (?_o2) of the latter were obviously possibly raised, which made metallic sulfide in the mantle oxidized and the chalcophile elements such as Cu were incorporated into the adakitic magmas. The ascent of the adakitic magmas enriched in Cu and Mo will lead to the formation of porphyry Cu‐Mo deposit. Nevertheless, the Yinzu adakitic magmas were possibly lack of metallogenetic materials due to not interacting with mantle peridotite, and thus unfavorable to metal mineralization.     

与陆相火山岩有关的铁、铜、金矿床成矿地质特征及矿床成因

文章对与陆相火山岩有关的浅成低温金矿、斑岩铜矿和玢岩铁矿产出的大地构造背景、火成岩性质和矿化蚀变特征、成矿流体以及成矿物质来源等方面进行了综述.三类矿床在成矿地质条件上各具特色,表现在:成矿构造背景上,斑岩铜矿和浅成低温金矿均以岛弧和活动大陆边缘为主,其次是陆内环境;而长江中下游玢岩铁矿的形成环境可能为陆内似裂谷环境.浅成低温金矿、斑岩铜矿及玢岩铁矿的主要围岩分别为中、酸性火山岩系、中酸性次火山岩及中基性次火山岩;围岩蚀变分别以硅化、钾化、钠化为特征.浅成低温金矿床成矿流体以低盐度、低温(200～300℃)为主;而斑岩铜矿中则主要是高温(400～800℃)高盐度的流体;玢岩铁矿成矿温度介于两者之间.从低硫亚类浅成热液矿床、高硫亚类浅成热液矿床到斑岩型矿床,流体中大气水含量逐渐减少,岩浆水含量逐渐增多.成矿物质来源上,Fe主要来源于赋矿的火山-次火山岩或原始岩浆,Cu,Au,S和Na等成矿物质的来源更为复杂,还可能来源于与岩浆无关的围岩,其他的可能还包括Cu,S的岩浆混合来源以及Na的高盐卤水来源.一些特殊的岩石类型,如埃达克岩、橄榄玄粗岩及碱性岩与陆相火山岩矿床有密切联系.     

Mineralogical and colour changes of quartz sandstones by heat

Seven German and three Hungarian monumental sandstones have been tested in laboratory conditions to analyse the effect of heat. The studied quartz sandstones have a wide-range of cements and grain-sizes including silica-, carbonate-, clay- and ferrous mineral—cemented varieties of fine-, medium- to coarse-grained types. Cylindrical specimens were heated up to 150, 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900°C in an oven. The mineralogical and textural changes were recorded and compared by using microscopy, XRD, DTA-DTG and SEM. Colours and colour differences (a*, b*, L* values) were also measured and evaluated. Colour changes are related to mineral transformations. The most intense colour change is caused by the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals to hematite that takes place up to 900°C. When temperature increases the green glauconite becomes brownish while the chlorite changes to yellowish at first. The colour of burnt sandstone is not a direct indicator of burning temperature, since there are sandstones in which the burnt specimens are lighter and less reddish than the natural ones. Porosity increase is related to micro-cracking at grain boundaries (above 600°C) and within the grains (at and above 750°C) and mineral transformations. The clay mineral structure collapses at different temperatures (kaolinite up to 600°C, chlorite above 600°C) and leads to a slight increase in porosity. The most drastic change is observed in calcite cemented sandstones where the carbonate structure collapses at 750°C and CaO appears at 900°C. Subsequently it is transformed to portlandite due to absorption of water vapour from the air. This leads to the disintegration of sandstone at room temperature a few days after the heat shock.Special issue: Stone decay hazards     

微量钨、钼催化极谱的连续测定

在0.5mol/L的硫酸-0.3g/L的苯羟乙酸-3g/L的氯酸钾溶液中,钨、钼均产生单峰形极谱催化波,分别于-0.60V和-0.25V测量其峰高值,本法适用于试样中w(W)=0.5×10-6～200×10-6和w(Mo)=0.5×10-6～100×10-6的测定,标准偏差分别为0.02～0.08(W),0.02～0.04(Mo),已用于斑岩铜矿中微量钨、钼批量样品的连续测定,其结果稳定、可靠。     

藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿床多期流体演化与成矿的流体包裹体证据

通过对王龙斑岩铜矿石英斑晶、辉钼矿石英脉中流体包裹体岩相学、包裹体显微测温分析、包裹体成分的激光拉曼探针分析及包裹体中子矿物的扫描电镜/能谱分析,发现矿化斑岩石英斑晶中发育多期流体包裹体。斑晶中除流体包裹体外尚可见少量熔体包裹体,与斑岩期矿化有关的成矿流体以中高温(200～537℃)、高盐度(29.6～44.7 wt%NaCleq)为特征,与粘土化蚀变有关的流体包裹体以低温、富 Ca 为特征,不同气相充填度的气液两相包裹体与高盐度含子矿物多相包裹体共存,且具有相似的均一温度,显示不混溶流体包裹体特征。温度、压力降低引起的流体不混溶是造成斑岩型矿化矿质沉淀的主要因素,斑岩期流体与浅成低温热液期流体形成于统一的流体系统,为同源演化结果。     

吉林省南部辉石花岗岩类的构造意义

吉林省南部辉石花岗岩类的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时年龄为２４０±８０Ｍａ，Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时年龄为２３４３±１１５Ｍａ，分别代表岩浆结晶年龄和后期低角内岩相变质作用年龄。辉石花岗岩晚于英云闪长质片麻岩类和淡色块状花岗岩类，形成于太石宙末期，与地壳伸展崩落作用有关，可以作地壳克拉通化的标志。     

青达斑岩型银多金属矿床地质特征与成矿模式

在斑岩型矿床中，研究较多的是斑岩型铜矿，斑岩型银多金属矿床作为一种特殊的矿床类型，目前发现较少，研究程度较低，西南三江成矿带的青达斑岩型银多金属矿床是该类型矿床较为典型的实例。笔者对该矿床重点进行野外宏观研究并结合样品分析测试之后，首次提出青达多金属矿床为斑岩型银多金属矿床，同时提出了青达矿床的“三层楼”成矿模式。并指出了矿区的找矿方向。     

Permo-Carboniferous (Kiaman) palaeointensity results from the western Bohemian Massif, Germany

Thellier palaeointensity analyses were carried out on samples from three quartz porphyry intrusions located within the western part of the Bohemian Massif close to the German-Czech Republic border. These intrusives have been dated at 280-275 Ma. which places them in the main part of the Permo-Carboniferous (Kiaman) Reversed Superchron (P-CRS). This age is consistent with the mean characteristic remanence direction calculated at D/ I = 204/- 1, giving a VGP at 36N, 341E. Palaeointensity values range from 6.6 μT to 22.1 μT, with a mean value of 12.0 ± 1.3 μT, which has a corresponding VDM value of (3.0 ± 1.2) × 10²² A m². This suggests that the geomagnetic field strength recorded by the quartz porphyries is only 37 per cent of the current value, supporting recent studies that report a field strength of between 25 and 40 per cent of the present-day value during the P-CRS.     

新疆琼河坝铜金矿化地质特征及成因机理

通过研究琼河坝地区的含矿岩系、铜金矿化、流体包裹体和氢氧同位素，认为２０２铜矿为斑岩型矿床，绿石沟铜矿为夕卡岩型矿床，剥蚀程度是本区铜金找矿的关键。     

大庆岭金矿床石英的矿物学特征及其成因找矿意义

通过大庆岭金矿床中石英的成分、结构、热发光、爆裂测温分析,石英红外光谱特征的研究,认为石英中 Cu、Pb、Zn杂质含量高,晶胞参数大,热发光积分强度大,爆裂累计脉冲数高和红外吸收峰波数低时,标志着为富金的石英特征.