Variation of Cl and SO3 Contents of Microphenocrystic Apatite in Intermediate to Silicic Igneous Rocks of Cenozoic Japanese Island Arcs: Implications for Porphyry Cu Metallogenesis in the Western Pacific Island Arcs

Abstract. Determinations of SO₃ and Cl contents of igneous accessory apatite were carried out on Late Cenozoic intermediate to silicic intrusive and volcanic rocks in the Japanese island arcs of the western Pacific rim including the southwestern Kuril arc (eastern Hokkaido), Northeast Japan arc (southwestern Hokkaido through northeastern Honshu to central Honshu), Izu‐Bonin arc, Kyushu‐Palau ridge, Southwest Japan arc (northern Kyushu) and northern Ryukyu arc (southern Kyushu). These were compared to those from the Western Luzon arc, Philippines, to better understand the metallogenesis of porphyry Cu deposits in the western Pacific island arcs. In addition, SO₃ and Cl contents of accessory apatite in the Cretaceous magnetite‐series granitic rocks in the Kitakami belt (northeastern Honshu) and the Miocene ilmenite‐series granitic rocks in the Outer Zone of Southwest Japan (southern Kyushu) were also examined. Microphenocrystic apatites in shallow intrusions associated with porphyry Cu deposits in the Western Luzon arc contain >0.1 wt% S as SO₃. Such high SO₃ contents of microphenocrystic apatite are a common characteristic of hydrous mag‐matism in the Western Luzon arc, from 15 Ma old tonalitic plutonic rocks of the Luzon Central Cordillera to present‐day volcanism at Mount Pinatubo. The accessory apatite in intrusive rocks associated with porphyry Cu deposits, especially those at the Santo Tomas II deposit, show significantly high Cl contents (>2 wt%). The SO₃ contents of microphenocrystic apatite in most of the hydrous silicic rocks along the volcanic front, in andesites related to native sulfur deposits, and in Miocene and younger shallow granitic intrusions in northeastern Honshu, are generally <0.1 wt%. On the other hand, the SO₃ contents of apatite in such rocks from eastern Hokkaido, southwestern Hokkaido, Izu, northern Kyushu and southern Kyushu are similar to those from the Western Luzon arc. The SO₃ contents of accessory apatite in the Cretaceous magnetite‐series granitic rocks in the Kitakami belt are variable, whereas those of the Miocene ilmenite‐series granitic rocks in southern Kyushu are extremely low. The Cl contents of accessory apatite in some rocks of the Northeast Japan arc, Izu‐Bonin arc and Southwest Japan arc are significantly high. In terms of the Cl and SO₃ contents of microphenocrystic apatite, Cenozoic Japanese arc magmatism show similarities with arc magmatism associated elsewhere with porphyry Cu mineralization, except for the most of northeastern Honshu of the Northeast Japan arc. Apatite commonly occurs as inclusions in other phenocrystic phases. Thus the variation in SO₃ contents of apatite is a feature of early stage magmatic differentiation. The SO₃ contents of microphenocrystic apatite are considered to reflect the redox state of the magma source region or fluids encountered during magma generation.     

江西相山铀矿田河元背地区流纹斑岩地球化学、锆石U Pb年龄及Hf Sr Nd同位素特征

在江西相山铀矿田河元背地区实施的CUSD3钻孔,发现其深部存在晚期侵入到打鼓顶组流纹英安岩、凝灰岩、泥质粉砂岩中的流纹斑岩。利用激光等离子质谱分析技术(LA ICP MS)测得流纹斑岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为(1318±07)Ma (MSWD=041),晚于前人所测的鹅湖岭组碎斑流纹岩年龄。该流纹斑岩具有高硅、富钾、铝过饱和等特点,还表现出高场强元素Rb、Th、U、La、Ce、Nd和LREE富集,Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti等元素亏损以及δEu明显负异常的特点。锆石的εHf(t)值介于 -677~-1038之间,对应的二阶段Hf模式年龄TDMC介于1 619~1 846 Ma,岩石的ISr值为0710 92~0712 01,εNd(t)值为-818~-919。其稀土元素、微量元素分布模式及同位素特征与前人报道的碎斑流纹岩特征类似,暗示流纹斑岩与碎斑流纹岩具有相同的物质来源。以上特征说明河元背地区流纹斑岩形成于早白垩世造山运动碰撞后伸展阶段,为深部硅铝质地壳部分熔融的产物。相山西部流纹斑岩的发现,可以推测该区或许存在一个次级火山机构。     

PIMA在斑岩型矿床蚀变带划分中的应用综述

便携式短波红外光谱分析仪(PIMA)自2002年引进我国以来在矿物填图和蚀变带划分工作中取得了很多成果。由于其在野外可以快速识别细粒矿物成分及含量,本文认为对于斑岩型矿床这一矿体与蚀变对应关系较为清晰的矿床类型来说,这一技术的应用具有方便快捷,节约人力、物力的明显优势。     

滇西北中旬普朗斑岩铜矿流体包裹体初步研究

普朗斑岩铜矿位于三江地区义敦岛弧南端的中甸弧，是在晚三叠世甘孜．理塘洋盆向西俯冲过程中形成的一个大型．超大型矿床。通过显微测温学和激光拉曼谱学研究，发现普朗斑岩铜矿含矿石英脉中广泛发育富液相包裹体、含CO2三相／两相包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体。子晶种类复杂，盐类矿物主要有石盐、钾盐、方解石、石膏，金属矿物主要为黄铜矿和赤铁矿。流体包裹体中发现有4种流体，即高盐度岩浆流体、含CO2低盐度流体、中等盐度流体以及少量低盐度水溶液。高盐度岩浆流体的均-温度范围457，245℃，均一压力范围（259．33～25．43）×10^5 Pa，盐度为34％-54％NaCl，密度为1．12—1．07g／cm^3，富含Na、K、Ca、Cu、Fe、CO2、C1、S等成分。原始岩浆流体可能是由中酸性岩浆上升至中间岩浆房后直接出溶而成，并汇聚在岩浆房的顶部。在甘孜一理塘洋盆的俯冲过程中，岩浆流体在流体内压和洋盆俯冲所产生的主压应力场的共同作用下，可以间歇性地从岩浆房上涌，为早期岩浆活动（226±3）～（2284-3）Ma所形成的岩浆一热液系统提供了持续的矿质和热源。含CO2低盐度流体与高盐度岩浆流体的相分离作用是导致普朗斑岩铜矿主成矿期网脉状-浸染状矿化的主要原因。     

Sm–Nd and Ar–Ar Isotopic Dating of the Nuri Cu–W–Mo Deposit in the Southern Gangdese,Tibet: Implications for the Porphyry‐Skarn Metallogenic System and Metallogenetic Epochs of the Eastern Gangdese

The Nuri Cu–W–Mo deposit is a large newly explored deposit located at the southern margin of the Gangdese metallogenic belt. There are skarn and porphyry mineralizations in the deposit, but the formation age of the skarn and the relationship between the skarn and porphyry mineralizations are controversial. Constraints on the precise chronology are of fundamental importance for understanding the ore genesis of the Nuri deposit. To determine the formation age of the skarn, we chose garnets and whole rock skarn samples for Sm–Nd dating. We also selected biotite associated with potassic alteration for Ar–Ar dating to confirm the ore formation age of the porphyry mineralizations. The Sm–Nd ages of the skarn are 25.73 ± 0.92 – 25.2 ± 3.9 Ma, and the age of the potassic alteration is 24.37 ± 0.32 Ma. The results indicate that the skarn and porphyry mineralization are coeval and belong to a unified magmatic hydrothermal system. Combined with a previous molybdenite Re–Os age, we think that the hydrothermal activity of the Nuri deposit lasted for 1.2 – 2.1 Myr, which indicates that the mineralization formed rapidly. The chronologic results indicate that the Nuri deposit formed in the period of transformation from compression to extension in the late collisional stage of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents.     

Dauphiné twinning and texture memory in polycrystalline quartz

Mechanical twinning in polycrystalline quartz was investigated in situ with time-of-flight neutron diffraction and a strain diffractometer. Dauphiné twinning is highly temperature sensitive. It initiates at a macroscopic differential stress of 50–100 MPa and, at 500°C, saturates at 400 MPa. From normalized diffraction intensities the patterns of preferred orientation (or texture) can be inferred. They indicate a partial reversal of twinning during unloading. The remaining twins impose residual stresses corresponding to elastic strains of 300–400 microstrain. Progressive twinning on loading and reversal during unloading, as well as the temperature dependence, can be reproduced with finite element model simulations.     

西藏甲玛埃达克质斑岩的地球化学特征及意义

分析了西藏甲玛石英闪长玢岩-二长花岗斑岩-花岗闪长斑岩岩相学、年代学及地球化学特征,研究其形成演化及构造环境,并建立岩浆成因模式。甲玛石英闪长玢岩-二长花岗斑岩-花岗闪长斑岩是具弧岩浆地球化学特征的准铝质高钾钙碱性岩岩石系列,同时具有O型(向C型过渡)埃达克质岩和I型(或磁铁矿型)花岗岩的特征。其成因与新特提斯洋板片脱水熔融形成的流体与地幔楔发生地幔交代作用形成的EMⅡ型富集地幔有关。中新世兰格期(15 Ma左右),由于拉萨地体东西向的"崩塌",导致拉萨地体开始伸展减薄,从而使交代地幔(EMⅡ型富集地幔)减压熔融,形成了富含Cu、Au等成矿物质的具I型(或磁铁矿型)弧岩浆地球化学特征的准铝质富钾O型埃达克质铁镁质岩浆,并在沿该时期的正断层及裂谷系统侵位过程中,不断与下地壳高钾及中—高Fe/Mg的花岗质岩浆发生不同程度的岩浆混合作用,伴随着相对较弱的岩浆结晶分异过程不断侵位浅地表,进而形成了独特的石英闪长玢岩-二长花岗斑岩-花岗闪长斑岩岩石组合。     

安徽池州马头矿区斑岩型钼矿含矿裂隙研究

通过对安徽池州马头矿区含矿裂隙的综合研究,进一步认识斑岩型钼矿的含矿裂隙规律,解决此类含矿裂隙发育复杂矿区的矿体对应连接问题,有效指导矿区找矿。通过野外统计、室内数据整理及综合分析,在马头矿区选取代表性钻孔6个、平硐1个及地表露头3个,进行含矿岩体及其围岩节理裂隙特征的统计分析,开展钼矿床含矿裂隙规律研究。对矿区岩体与围岩中的节理裂隙、石英脉、钾长石英脉、断裂破碎带特征进行统计分析,发现矿区岩体与围岩中的节理裂隙特征基本一致,主要节理裂隙有5组,主要矿体含矿优势节理裂隙走向NNE,倾向SE,倾角在40°左右。     

陕西黄龙铺地区碱性花岗斑岩及辉绿岩的年代学与地球化学:岩石成因及其构造环境示踪

陕西黄龙铺地区多处出露有花岗斑岩体和辉绿岩。花岗斑岩斑晶主要为石英和钾长石,基质为钾长石、石英、斜长石、黑云母等。岩石具高硅、富碱、过铝质特征,属碱性花岗斑岩。岩石具中等Eu亏损(δEu=0.36～0.68);大离子亲石元素Ba、K、Sr及高场强元素Ta亏损,Th、U、Zr、Hf等富集的特征。碱性花岗斑岩的岩石地球化学及铅同位素组成特征与区内含钼花岗斑岩相似,暗示它们可能源于下地壳部分熔融。辉绿岩主要由普通辉石、斜长石、角闪石组成;岩石的SiO2含量变化于48.78%～48.92%;稀土元素配分曲线呈较一致的平滑右倾模式,无明显Eu异常;微量元素亏损高场强元素Zr、Hf、Ta、Nb、Ti,及大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Sr,此外,Ba表现明显的富集特征。辉绿岩的(87Sr/86Sr)ⅰ值介于0.718～0.762,εNd(t)值的范围为-19.53～-19.69,其高初始Sr、低εNd值的同位素特征揭示其可能来源于富集地幔。碱性花岗斑岩和辉绿岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(131±1)Ma和(129±2)Ma,形成于早白垩世,构造环境判别分析表明,两类岩体均形成于大陆板块内部伸展环境,与此时东秦岭岩石圈发生大规模减薄作用相耦合。     

黑龙江金厂铜金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

金厂铜金矿床是中国东北的一个特大型矿床,大地构造位置处于兴蒙造山带东缘,成矿时代集中于110～ 130Ma.金厂铜金矿床矿体类型主要为角砾岩型和裂控型.角砾岩型矿(化)体以J-1矿体为代表,产于穷棒子沟Ⅰ号角砾岩筒内,为典型的隐爆角砾岩筒,全筒矿化,与围岩界限清楚.矿区内角砾岩型矿体常成群成串出现,东西走向具等间距分布特征.裂控型矿体包括环形和放射状矿体,环形矿体以Ⅱ和18号脉群为代表,放射状矿体以Ⅲ脉群为代表.Ⅱ脉群处于裂控型矿体的上部,18号脉群处于Ⅱ脉群的下部,矿体呈层状或脉状分布,在剖面上具“背形”分布特征,环形矿体由内向外存在矿化分带现象.金厂铜金矿床产于太平洋板块俯冲产生的陆缘弧环境,其流体性质及成矿物质来源均与深部岩浆岩有关,角砾岩型矿体和裂控型矿体均具有斑岩型矿床的成矿特征.