Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal alteration and episyenitization in the Königshain granites, northern Bohemian Massif, Germany

The late-Hercynian granites of Königshain underwent multistage hydrothermal processes. Extensive high-temperature late-magmatic alteration is, for example, indicated by low Zr/Hf and an REE pattern displaying the tetrad effect. Intensive post-magmatic alteration of the granite occurred along brittle structures. At least two main stages of post-magmatic hydrothermal alteration are involved. The first high-temperature stage, which is characterized by albitization and/or quartz leaching (episyenitization), resulted from fluid–rock interaction with late-magmatic fluids that very probably mixed with external low-salinity fluids. Quartz dissolution was triggered by vapour condensation and/or the cooling of these fluids (below 450??°C) along brittle structures. The high porosity resulting from quartz leaching during stage 1 assisted subsequent circulation of low-temperature fluids at stage 2; the latter is characterized by the chloritization and illitization of episyenites. Almost all major and trace elements were enriched or depleted during one of the main alteration stages. However, Zr, Hf, Th, and Ti were immobile during post-magmatic alteration. The significant depletion of LREE and the enrichment of HREE in albitized samples is controlled by the dissolution of monazite and the new formation of HREE-rich polycrase-(Y) or aeschynite-(Y) during post-magmatic stage 1. Negative Ce anomalies of episyenites are associated with illitization and suggest oxidizing conditions during stage 2.     

Progress and pitfalls of the SAR protocol for the quartz violet stimulated luminescence (VSL) signal: A case study from Sardinia

In the quest for extending the upper age limit of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz, it was shown that violet stimulated luminescence (VSL) may be a promising candidate. However, difficulties in the application of the single aliquot regenerative dose (SAR) protocol for VSL has been reported in previous studies. In this study, a set of experiments was carried out to investigate the behaviour of the VSL signal under different measurement conditions with the aim to improve the SAR VSL protocol in terms of passing the procedural tests of the SAR protocol, i.e., recycling ratio, recuperation and dose recovery. The validity of an optimised SAR protocol was then evaluated on four coarse-grained quartz samples from Sardinia, for which previously reported OSL and post-IR IRSL ages are available. Our result showed that all measured aliquots meet the recuperation, recycling ratio and dose recovery criteria, indicating that the proposed protocol is suitable for the studied samples. The obtained VSL and reference ages agree within uncertainty (2σ) for most of the samples except one sample with a largest expected equivalent dose of ∼320 Gy, for which the VSL significantly (∼50%) underestimates despite satisfactory dose recovery result. This underestimation is most likely due to trapping sensitivity change between the natural and all subsequent regenerated VSL signals induced by the first preheating in the SAR procedure, which is likely dose dependent. To minimise sensitivity change, the sensitivity-corrected multiple aliquot regenerative dose (SC-MAR) protocol was applied. The SC-MAR protocol yields VSL ages in agreement with reference ages for two samples (1σ); the other two samples show overestimation. We show that the observed age overestimation can be explained by incomplete resetting of the natural signal after 7 days SOL2 exposure used for the SC-MAR procedure. Bleaching experiments confirm variable bleaching behaviour among different samples. However, it is unclear whether this different bleaching behaviour arises from measuring samples with different bleaching histories, mineralogical compositions, or VSL source trap properties.     

西藏冈底斯三处斑岩铜矿床流体包裹体及成矿作用研究

对西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带中的驱龙、冲江斑岩铜矿床和与斑岩有关的帮浦铜多金属矿床进行了流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析。对斑岩中斑晶石英、硅化脉石英和热液矿物硬石膏内流体包裹体的观测表明,与成矿有关的流体包裹体可以分为气相包裹体、液相包裹体、含子晶的多相包裹体等3类。它们的均一温度变化较大（191～550℃）,气相包裹体与含子晶多相包裹体的均一温度相近,主要集中于300～550℃之间。流体的盐度ω（NaCleq）为1．91％～66．75％,含石盐子晶包裹体的盐度ω（NaCleq）范围为32．70％～66．75％。激光拉曼光谱分析表明,子晶以石盐为主,并有较多的黄铜矿;气相包裹体和液相包裹体的气相中含有CO2。低密度的气相包裹体与高密度的液相包裹体、高盐度的含子晶包裹体共生,其均一温度范围一致,但盐度相差较大,指示成矿流体有不混溶作用或沸腾作用。成矿流体来自于岩浆的出溶;金属硫化物直接来源于岩浆。斑晶石英内流体包裹体中的不混溶作用与岩浆的初始沸腾有关;硅化脉石英捕获的流体包裹体与岩浆的二次沸腾有关;而硬石膏内流体包裹体的不混溶与两种不同性质流体的混合作用有关。斑晶石英中包裹体内的黄铜矿子晶是岩浆流体高金属含量的表征而不是矿化开始的标志。冈底斯成矿带内斑岩铜矿的成矿始于岩浆期后高温阶段,随后的高-中温热液阶段是流体大量沉淀矿质的重要时期。     

广东省新兴县都斛铜矿床地质特征与找矿潜力

广东省新兴县都斛铜矿床处于吴川—四会深大断裂的中部边缘带,其铜成矿活动主要受本区燕山期斑岩体和NE向断裂构造双重控制,已发现的脉状铜矿体产状各异,在空间上整体形成一个不规则的环状,单个矿体呈细脉分布在黑云母二长花岗岩中,并具有浸染状矿化分布在花岗闪长斑岩等斑岩型矿床的矿化特征.通过对该矿床成矿地质特征的综合研究,对比粤...     

斑岩铜矿若干问题的最新研究进展

斑岩铜矿是最重要的铜矿床类型,对其成矿作用的认识对找矿实践具有重要指导意义,为此,文章通过收集和整理有关文献总结了近年来斑岩铜矿研究在构造和岩浆对成矿作用的控制、成矿金属和成矿流体来源、矿石伴生金属组分含量的影响因素等方面所取得的成果。近几年的研究工作揭示:斑岩铜矿的大规模成矿作用与洋壳高浮力块体(包括无震海岭和洋底高原)的俯冲有关,高氧逸度的岩浆活动有利于斑岩铜矿的形成,与无矿斑岩体相比,含铜斑岩体一般具有低稀土元素含量以及亏损Ho和Er等特征;斑岩铜矿中铜和金多由俯冲洋壳所释放的流体对地幔中硫化物的氧化作用释放而来;在部分斑岩铜矿中,岩浆来源流体可构成绢英岩化期流体的主体;斑岩铜矿伴生金属组分的含量受许多因素控制,其中包括岩浆源区地幔演化、火成岩岩石类型、岩浆侵位深度和成矿温度等多个方面。部分研究成果应作为找矿标志在实践中运用。     

云南普朗斑岩铜矿晚三叠世构造控矿条件

普朗铜矿是义敦岛弧东多金属矿带的超大型斑岩型铜矿床.成矿带内岩浆构造活动频繁,裂隙构造叠加成矿-控矿作用显著,但研究程度薄弱.在对普朗铜矿区巷道进行构造岩相学综合调查研究的基础上,结合区域成矿构造背景,厘定矿区褶皱、断裂宏观特征,对典型中段进行节理(裂隙)测量分析.研究表明:1)古特提斯洋闭合过程斑岩铜矿成矿作用与晚三...     

辽宁五龙金矿石英的标型特征及其与金矿化的关系

石英是辽宁五龙金矿含金石英脉矿体中最重要的脉石矿物,而且也是主要的载金矿物。石英的分布及世代、形态、物理性质和成分特征反映了金矿床形成的地质环境,不同特征的石英含金性也不相同,其中第二世代的灰色石英含金量高。石英与金矿化关系密切,是重要的找矿标型矿物。     

安徽沙溪含铜斑岩^40Ar—^39Ar定年及其地质意义

据＾４０Ａｒ－＾３９Ａｒ测年，确定安徽沙溪含铜（金）斑岩体为早白垩世岩浆活动产物。Ｓｒ，Ｎｄ同位素数据及岩石化学资料显示，该岩体的成因与邻区侵入岩体存在明显差异，它可能是受郯庐断裂活动所控制。这说明斑岩型铜（金）矿化可能主要沿郯庐断裂带及其分支断裂发育。今后找矿应沿郯庐断裂带及其分支断裂进行。     

宁芜地区玢岩铁矿Pb同位素研究

本文对宁芜地区铁矿床中磷灰石和矿石进行了Pb同位素测定。磷灰石的208Pb-232Th等时线年龄为124Ma,与辉长闪长(玢)岩和钠长石岩的形成年龄均相吻合,为成矿时代与成岩时代相近提供了佐证。岩体长石Pb同位素显示,宁芜地区中生代火成岩的原始岩浆受到了大陆壳深部3.3Ga的古老岩系的混染。矿床中矿石铅主要来自赋矿母岩浆。成矿流体具有异常高的Th/U值,表明Th相对U的明显富集,这可能反映了流体中卤素为主要的矿物质迁移载体。     

湖北铜绿山矿床石英闪长岩的矿物学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征

铜绿山是长江中下游鄂东南矿集区最重要的、大型夕卡岩型Cu-Fe(Au)矿床。本文对该矿区中与成矿密切的石英闪长岩进行了详细的矿物成分、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。结果表明:岩石中斜长石主要为更长石(An=21～31);角闪石贫Ti(0.2),高Mg/(Mg+Fe)(0.5),属于富镁角闪石;而黑云母为镁质黑云母。岩石的地球化学具有高硅(58.86%～67.71%),富碱(Na2O+K2O=5.67%～9.63%),富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),并强亏损元素Nb、Ta、Ti等特征。岩石的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.7055～0.7069,εNd(t)为-7.65～-3.44;(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.66～18.00,(207Pb/204Pb)i=15.49～15.56,(208Pb/204Pb)i=37.73～38.19。矿物成分、地球化学和同位素特征说明,铜绿山岩体与阳新岩体为同源岩浆的产物,源区为深度大于40km的富集地幔,经下地壳的混染及分离结晶作用形成。岩浆熔体形成的温度应大于889℃。角闪石和黑云母的温度计估算岩浆结晶温度分别为650～800℃和500～630℃,黑云母开始结晶温度略低于角闪石结晶结束温度,压力为1.49kbar,对应侵位深度约4.9km。岩浆具有利于Cu、Fe、Au等成矿元素进入熔体的条件,可能与板块俯冲作用相关。