洛南任家滩-荞麦山正长斑岩成因及其对古元古代晚期裂解的指示--岩石化学及锆石U-Pb年龄和Lu-Hf同位素特征

华北克拉通南缘的陕西洛南-河南豫西地区出露一系列形成于1.8~1.6Ga的碱性岩,对这些碱性岩的研究有助于提高对华北克拉通南缘古元古代构造环境的认识。本文选取陕西省洛南县任家滩-荞麦山一带碱性侵入体进行系统的岩石学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素分析和岩石地球化学研究,讨论了其成因机制和构造背景。研究表明,任家滩-荞麦山岩体的主体岩性为正长斑岩,加权平均年龄为1689±20Ma（MSWD=0.12）,表明其侵位时代为古元古代。该岩体富碱（Na2O+K2O=7.95% ~ 9.5%）,高钾（K2O=4.67% ~ 8.51%）;稀土元素总量较高（496.15×10-6 ~ 650.16×10-6,平均543.06×10-6）,轻、重稀土元素分馏比较明显,轻稀土元素相对富集（LREE=454×10-6 ~ 605×10-6）,重稀土元素亏损（HREE=39.3×10-6 ~ 45.6×10-6）,具有弱负铕异常;K、Rb、Ba、Th富集,Nb、Ta、P、Ti亏损,并且具有明显的Sr负异常。εHf（t）值<0,TDM1值为2038 ~ 2218Ma,TDM2值为2250 ~ 2516Ma,说明岩浆源区物质与富集地幔有关或受到过地壳物质的混染。因此,任家滩-荞麦山岩体是由地幔玄武质岩浆与地壳基底太华杂岩形成的中酸性花岗质岩浆混合后形成的熔体,经强烈的结晶分异作用形成的,其形成于陆内裂谷的构造环境,是华北克拉通南缘对哥伦比亚超大陆裂解事件的响应。     

Study on Yanshanian metallogenic granitoids magmatism in Baoshan deposit,southern Hunan ProvinceSCIEI北大核心CSCD

本文对湘南宝山花岗闪长斑岩进行了系统的锆石和磷灰石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学以及锆石Hf同位素研究,并探讨了宝山花岗闪长斑岩的岩石成因和构造意义。锆石和磷灰石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示,宝山花岗闪长斑岩的成岩年龄为160Ma。综合元素和同位素地球化学证据,宝山花岗闪长斑岩的成因可能为新生地壳与古老地壳的混合熔融,同时宝山花岗闪长斑岩中发现的890±20Ma的继承锆石,验证了新元古代新生地壳的参与。磷灰石的主微量元素研究显示花岗闪长斑岩具有较高的氧逸度和Cl含量,Sr/Th比值具有较大变化,而La/Sm比值变化不大等特征,表明形成花岗闪长斑岩岩浆的母岩受到俯冲板片脱水形成的流体交代作用影响。在上述过程中,富含Cl和H2O的流体从板片中释放出来,引发地幔楔熔融,并对矿床中成矿金属元素进行提取。由于古太平洋板块俯冲引发的伸展-减薄运动,在地幔上涌过程中,新元古代新生地壳发生部分熔融,这些高温岩浆底侵老地壳源区,诱发老地壳部分熔融,进而发生了强烈的壳-壳混合作用,产生花岗闪长质岩浆。     

Variations in the sensitivity of the optically stimulated luminescence from quartz in the Xifeng section: A spatiotemporal comparison across the Chinese Loess Plateau since the last interglaciation

The sensitivity of the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from quartz is thought to be mainly influenced by source rock (crystallization temperature and quartz defect types) and depositional history (irradiation/bleaching cycles). In this study, the OSL sensitivity of quartz of different grain sizes from loess (L1) and paleosol (S1) layers at the Xifeng section of the Chinese Loess Plateau was analyzed. The OSL sensitivity of the samples from the Xifeng section shows a distinct difference between glacial and interglacial cycles, which is consistent with the patterns observed from magnetic susceptibility (MS) and grain sizes. The highest OSL sensitivity is observed in S1, which is twelve times the lowest sensitivity observed in L1. Moreover, the contribution of the fast component of quartz OSL from the paleosol accounts for more than 90% of the total OSL signal. In contrast, the middle and slow components contribute more in loess, and a significant variation among different aliquots was observed.Comparison of the data obtained from loess sections from different regions, including Xifeng, Luochuan, Jingyuan and Shimao, show significant differences in the magnitudes of OSL sensitivity but a similar pattern between glacial and interglacial periods. The results of this study suggest that, except for the wildfire model proposed to interpret the high OSL sensitivity in paleosol (Zhang, 2018), the shift of wind pattern of westerly wind (i.e., transporting “dim” source from North Tibetan Plateau and northwesterly wind (i.e., transporting “bright” source from Alxa Arid Lands and the subsequent mixture from the different sources may partially contribute to the different OSL sensitivities observed for Xifeng and Luochuan. In contrast, the OSL sensitivity of Shimao samples from L1 was affected by the input from the Mu Us Desert, and those of Jingyuan may affected by the contribution from the Yellow River.     

Luminescence and ESR dating of the sedimentary infill from the multi-level cave system of Alkerdi-Zelaieta (Navarre,N Spain)

The finding of Upper Paleolithic engravings in 2016 triggered a multidisciplinary investigation of the Alkerdi cave system (Urdazubi, N Spain). The study of the speleogenetic processes led to the identification of at least 6 paragenetic cave levels with associated sedimentary infill. In order to unravel the timing of changes in the karst dynamics and to get some insights about sediment origin, two sediment samples were collected from cave levels 4 and 1 for numerical dating purpose, using both Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) methods. One additional modern-age sample was also taken from the entrance of the karst to evaluate the magnitude of the optical bleaching achieved by the quartz grains before entering the cave system. Last, one sample was collected from a flowstone for U-series dating, providing independent age control.OSL measurements were carried out using small quartz multi-grain (MG) and single-grain (SG) Single Aliquot Regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. Initial Equivalent Dose (D_e) results show evidence of saturated OSL signal for the sample of the higher level (with ∼60% of saturated aliquots). Unlike SA data, SG analyses do not meet the usual quality criteria (e.g., relatively high recuperation ratios, only a few grains with useable signal), suggesting that corresponding dating results should be treated with caution.Hence, both MG and SG TT-OSL and MG ESR methods were subsequently employed, as the corresponding signals are known to have higher saturation levels than OSL ones. ESR analyses were based on the Multiple Centre (MC) approach using the standard multi-grain multi-aliquot additive (MAA) dose method, while TT-OSL measurements were performed following Demuro et al. (2020). The latter, however, did not return any useful results for both samples. MC ESR data show the usual D_e pattern (D_e(Al)>D_e(Ti op. D)>D_e(Ti–H)) indicating that among the three ESR signals analyzed, the Ti–H most likely provides the closest estimate to the true burial age. However, low measurement repeatability and goodness-of-of fit indicate that the reliability of the ESR results may be reasonably questioned.Results derived from this multi-technique dating approach provide the first chronological constraints for the sedimentary infill of the Alkerdi cave system. In particular, they suggest that sediment deposition in Cave Level 4 (ALK-OSL01) occurred around 130 ka, which is in good agreement with the minimum age constraint given by the speleothem (80.5 ± 9.0 ka). In comparison, the young age obtained for sample ALK-OSL02 (5.0 ± 0.9 ka) suggests recent Holocene formation of the lowest cave level 1.Finally, the MG De value obtained for the modern sample is close to zero (<1 Gy), indicating that the OSL signal is almost fully reset at a multi-grain level before entering the cave. Additionally, despite the large De overdispersion measured in this modern sample, the De values are one to two order of magnitude lower than those obtained with the same model in the other two samples. Therefore, the large OSL D_e overdispersion (OD) values of up to 64% obtained for the two samples from Cave Level 4 and 1 are most likely related to re-sedimentation processes inside the cave system.     

Revisiting natural and laboratory electron spin resonance (ESR) dose response curves of quartz from Chinese loess

Natural and laboratory ESR dose response curves (DRCs) of [AlO₄/h]⁰ and [TiO₄/M⁺]⁰ were investigated for samples of quartz from the Luochuan loess-palaeosol master section, Chinese Loess Plateau. The natural and laboratory DRCs show a clear divergence above ∼1000 Gy, with much lower D₀ values and saturation levels observed for the natural DRCs, which is in agreement with the previous study by Tsukamoto et al. (2018). Young (<15 ka) samples from Luochuan and Jingbian – another site of the Chinese Loess Plateau, together with two modern samples of Chinese loess, were used to investigate the residual signals of [AlO₄/h]⁰ and [TiO₄/M⁺]⁰ centres. Our results are in line with published studies and show that the significant residual signals corresponding to several tens to hundreds of Gy are present in both Al and Ti centres. These need to be taken into account before laboratory DRC construction. ESR pulse annealing experiments performed on samples irradiated with different doses show an apparent dose-dependent thermal instability of [AlO₄/h]⁰ and [TiO₄/M⁺]⁰, with the signals for higher doses decaying faster with increasing temperature. We attribute the change in D₀ with preheat reported in Tsukamoto et al.2018, as well as the difference between laboratory and natural DRCs, to this apparent dose-dependent thermal instability of the signals. The saturation level of the natural DRC, being the result of reaching the equilibrium between filling of the traps and emptying them due to thermal decay, is therefore additionally affected at higher doses, due to the increased thermal instability. The inability to recreate in the laboratory the same response to irradiation as the one observed in nature questions the accuracy of dating samples beyond ∼1000 Gy.     

西藏甲玛矿床磁黄铁矿微量元素特征及其与金富集沉淀的耦合机制

【研究目的】甲玛矿床是西藏冈底斯成矿带最重要的斑岩成矿系统之一,具有斑岩、矽卡岩、角岩、脉状金矿四位一体矿体结构,形成了丰富的矿物种类和多样的金属矿化。其中,磁黄铁矿作为重要的金属矿物之一,其矿物地球化学特征以及与金矿化的耦合关系一直不明确。【研究方法】此次,以甲玛斑岩成矿系统外围和远端的不同产状的磁黄铁矿为研究对象,基于详细的野外地质调查和镜下鉴定,通过激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱分析方法（LAICP-MS）对不同产状的磁黄铁矿开展测点分析和扫描分析,详细揭示其地球化学特征。【研究结果】结果显示,甲玛矿床磁黄铁矿主要富集Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ge、Se,弱富集Pb、Bi、Sb、Te、Ag、As,而Mo、Cd、In、Sn、Ba、W、Au、Tl、Th、U等元素含量较低。其中,矽卡岩中的磁黄铁矿具有较高的Co/Ni比值,能有效揭示其岩浆热液成因,而角岩中磁黄铁矿可能继承了一定的沉积特征。【结论】甲玛矿区磁黄铁矿的Cu、Zn、Pb含量变化特征与矿床空间矿化规律一致。矽卡岩中的块状磁黄铁矿与金矿化关系密切,金主要呈他形、不规则的独立金矿物产于磁黄铁矿的孔隙和粒间。同时,金的富集和沉淀可能与富铋的熔体有关。创新点：磁黄铁矿是甲玛超大型斑岩成矿系统中典型的金属矿物之一,其微区原位分析清晰揭示其微量元素地球化学特征和矿物成因,同时,证实矽卡岩中磁黄铁矿的高品位金与成矿流体中的富铋熔体有关。     

新疆西准噶尔苏云河钼矿含矿岩体重力异常特征及其地质意义北大核心CSCD

近年来,新疆西准噶尔巴尔鲁克地区发现的苏云河钼矿、加曼铁列克得铜矿、石屋铜金矿等斑岩型矿床,为研究巴尔喀什斑岩型成矿带是否延伸至我国新疆西准噶尔一带提供了新的研究方向。其中苏云河钼矿是该区最大的斑岩型矿床,赋矿岩体为二长花岗斑岩,目前对于该含矿斑岩体的空间形态及规模认识不足。本文以西准噶尔巴尔鲁克山一带区域重力为研究对象,针对苏云河钼矿含矿岩体开展重力三维反演,从构造环境、含矿岩体、成矿年龄等方面对比分析苏云河钼矿与哈萨克斯坦阿克斗卡铜矿的相似性。结果表明,苏云河含矿斑岩体深部最长约9.4 km,最宽约3 km,垂向延伸超过2.2 km,直观展示了苏云河含矿岩体的规模及空间形态,巨型岩体的存在表明深部仍有广阔的找矿空间。此外,巴尔鲁克山一带的重力场反映了西准噶尔洋残余盆地的特征,证实该区在晚石炭世处于俯冲拉伸相关的岛弧环境,为哈萨克斯坦巴尔喀什成矿带向东延伸到我国新疆西准噶尔一带提供了地球物理证据。     

Tracing exhumation record in high-pressure micaschists: A new tectonometamorphic model of the evolution of the eastern part of the Fore Sudetic Block,Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt,NE Bohemian Massif,SW Poland

The Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt comprises a volcano-sedimentary succession exposed within a collision zone between the Saxothuringian and Brunovistulian crustal domains of the European Variscides. The studied rocks recorded two metamorphic episodes. The first episode, M₁, occurred at conditions of c. 485 ± 25 °C and 18 ± 1.8 kbar related to burial within a subduction zone. The subsequent episode, M₂, was linked to the final phases of exhumation to mid-crustal level, associated with pressure and temperature (P–T) conditions ranging from c. 520 ± 26 °C and 6 ± 0.6 kbar through 555 ± 28 °C and 7 kbar ± 0.7 to ~590 ± 30 °C and 3–4 ± 0.4 kbar. The documented deformation record is ascribed to three events, D₁ to D₃, interpreted as related to the burial and subsequent exhumation of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt. The D₁ event must have witnessed the subduction of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt rock succession whereas the D₂ event was associated with the exhumation and folding of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt in an E-W-directed shortening regime. A subsequent folding related to the D₂ event was initiated at HP conditions, however, the planar fabric produced during a late stage of the D₂ event, defined by a low-pressure mineral assemblage M₂, indicates that the D₂ final stage was synchronous with the onset of the M₂ episode. Consequently, the entire D₂ event seems to have been associated with the exhumation of the Kamieniec Metamorphic Belt to mid crustal level. The third deformation event D₃, synchronous with the M₂ episode, marked the last stage of the exhumation, and was linked to emplacement of granitoid veins and lenses. The latter resulted in heating and rheological weakening of the entire rock succession and in the formation of non-coaxial shear zones.     

兴蒙造山带中与古亚洲洋演化有关的成矿系统初步研究

古亚洲洋演化过程中在兴蒙造山带中形成了大量金属矿床。早古生代早期,古亚洲洋向北俯冲,形成了奥陶纪多宝山-铜山斑岩Cu-Au成矿系统;早古生代晚期,古亚洲洋向南俯冲并形成了晚奥陶世白乃庙Cu-Mo-Au成矿系统和志留纪别鲁乌图海底喷流块状硫化物成矿系统。古亚洲洋在晚古生代早期向北俯冲,形成了晚泥盆世欧玉陶勒盖Cu-Au成矿系统。基本同时,古亚洲洋向南俯冲,形成了晚泥盆世哈达门沟Mo成矿系统。早石炭世,研究区构造体制从岛弧环境逐渐转变为陆内伸展环境,并在此过程中形成了豆荚状铬铁矿成矿系统和小型斑岩Mo-Cu成矿系统。     

中国铜矿床成矿系列研究进展

矿床成矿系列理论在中国经过三十多年的发展,已被广泛应用于找矿勘查实践。文章在以往矿床成矿系列研究的基础上,对中国铜矿床的成矿系列进行了补充与完善,厘定出30个以铜为特色的矿床成矿系列。结合全国地质与成矿演化,分析铜矿床成矿系列在主要地质历史时期的特点与时空分布规律,其中,前寒武纪7个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型以变质型和岩浆型为主;古生代8个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型以海相火山岩型为主;中生代13个铜矿床成矿系列和新生代2个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型均以斑岩型和矽卡岩型为主。西藏地区铜矿找矿突破显著,新增2个全国范围的铜矿床成矿系列。矿床成矿系列的复合,是中国铜矿床成矿系列研究的重要成果和特色。