山东邹平王家庄铜(钼)矿床蚀变围岩中含云母流体包裹体的成因及其意义

王家庄铜(钼)矿床位于鲁西邹平火山岩盆地。矿床围岩,即王家庄复合岩体,主要由闪长岩、二长岩和石英二长(闪长)岩等组成。从岩体周边向内到矿体,依次出现钾蚀变带、钾硅化蚀变带和强钾硅化蚀变带。矿床主要有两种类型矿石:深部蚀变石英二长(闪长)岩中的早期浸染状矿石和浅部角砾岩化石英二长(闪长)岩中的块状硫化物石英脉矿石。矿石矿物主要有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、砷黝铜矿和辉钼矿等。流体包裹体研究表明,除了证实有前人确定的富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体和含石盐的高盐度包裹体外,还在钾硅化蚀变-矿化围岩中发现含云母的流体包裹体。它们多随机或成群分布于石英晶核和生长环带中。岩相学、拉曼光谱和电子探针分析表明,含云母的流体包裹体主要由水液相+气相+白云母(黑云母)组成,其相比例随石英晶体不同或是相对稳定,或是有很大变化。显微测温表明,含云母的流体包裹体中水溶液的冰点和均一温度有很大变化,而主要集中在-5～10℃和310～360℃。热液金刚石压腔(HDAC)加热实验显示,含云母流体包裹体的均一温度可高达773～790℃,由此估算的均一压力高达275～380MPa,将大大超过地质推断的合理范围。对含云母流体包裹体的成因机制进行了讨论。认为它们不属于熔融包裹体范畴,而是钾硅化蚀变阶段捕获的原生流体包裹体,是从中酸性岩浆结晶作用晚期分离出来的富K-Al-Si组分、挥发分、盐类和成矿金属元素的含水流体中非均匀捕获的产物。伴随裂隙开放和压力温度迅速降低,导致大量白云母(少量黑云母和硅酸盐等)从富K-Al-Si组分的含水流体中结晶出来,沉淀在正在结晶的石英核部或生长表面坑穴,随后与石英周围的流体介质一起被捕获,成为含云母流体包裹体。含云母流体包裹体属于岩浆作用晚期自交代作用产物,它们与含石盐包裹体的共存反映了这两种矿物在岩浆-热液中达到饱和并沉淀出来,对于流体流动和成矿作用具有重要意义,并有助于我们对王家庄铜(钼)矿床成矿流体的性质和岩浆-热液演化过程有深入了解。     

Grain boundary dissolution porosity in quartzofeldspathic ultramylonites: Implications for permeability enhancement and weakening of mid-crustal shear zones

Quartzofeldspathic ultramylonites from the Alpine Fault Zone, one of the world's major, active plate boundary-scale fault zones have quartz crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) and abundant low-angle (<10° misorientation) boundaries, typical microstructures for dislocation creep-dominated deformation. Geometrically necessary dislocation density estimates indicate mean dislocation densities of ∼10⁹ cm⁻². A significant proportion (∼30%) of grain boundaries (>10° misorientation) are decorated by faceted pores, commonly with uniformly-oriented pyramidal shapes. Only grain boundaries with >10° misorientation angles in polymineralic aggregates are decorated by pores. Mean grain boundary pore densities are ∼5 × 10⁸ cm⁻². Grain boundary pores are dissolution pits generated during syn-deformational transient grain boundary permeability, nucleating on dislocation traces at dilatant grain boundary interfaces. They have not been removed by subsequent grain boundary closure or annealing. Pore decoration could have led to grain boundary pinning, triggering a switch in the dominant deformation mechanism to grain boundary sliding, which is supported by evidence of CPO destruction in matrix quartz. Pore-decorated grain boundaries have significantly reduced surface area available for adhesion and cohesion, which would reduce the tensile and shear strength of grain boundaries, and hence, the bulk rock. Grain boundary decoration also significantly decreased the mean distance between pores, potentially facilitating dynamic permeability. Consequently, these microstructures provide a new explanation for strain weakening and evidence of fluid flow along grain boundaries in mylonites at mid-crustal conditions.     

Heterogeneous deformation recorded by magnetic fabrics in the Pyrenean Axial Zone

Magnetic fabrics studies (AMS) are a useful tool in order to describe the distribution of deformation in orogenic areas where conventional techniques are difficult to apply, especially due to the lack of proper strain markers. In the present study, AMS and structural analysis are used to define the distribution of deformation in the Central Axial and Nogueres Zones, an area of strong structural changes (i) in the geometry of the antiformal stack defining the Pyrenean Axial Zone and (ii) the distribution of Alpine cleavage. The studied rocks are Lower-Middle Triassic red beds that crop out in three different stacked thrust units (Bielsa, Nogueres and Orri). Primary sedimentary fabrics are preserved in the uppermost thrust units (Nogueres Zone), but a high percentage of the sampling sites shows an overprint of Alpine compression on magnetic fabrics, with the magnetic lineation mostly parallel to the tectonic grain defined by compressional structures and the magnetic foliation showing different orientations between the poles to cleavage and bedding. The development of compressional fabrics strongly depends on the structural position of the sites, and two deformation gradients can be inferred: the southern margin of the Axial Zone (Orri and Bielsa units) shows strong internal deformation, increasing towards the North; farther north (in the restored cross-section), deformation is in general terms lower, but increases towards the basal thrust of the Nogueres Zone. The heterogeneous distribution of Alpine internal deformation indicates a preferred development of cleavage in the Variscan basement and overlying units of the southern margin of the Axial Zone (mainly in the Orri unit), that could be partly controlled by the tectonic load resulting from the stacking of thrust sheets.     

Development of quartz c-axis crossed/single girdles under simple-pure shear deformation: Results of visco-plastic self-consistent modeling

Quartz c-axis fabrics are widely used to determine the shear plane in ductile shear zones, based upon an assumption that the shear plane is perpendicular to both the central segment of quartz c-axis crossed girdle and single girdle. In this paper the development of quartz c-axis fabric under simple-pure shear deformation is simulated using the visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model so as to re-examine this assumption. In the case of no or weak dynamic recrystallization, the simulated crossed girdles have a central segment perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the maximum principal finite strain direction (X) and the XY finite strain plane, and at a variable angle relative to the imposed kinematic framework that is dependent on the modeled flow vorticity and finite strain. These crossed girdles have a symmetrical skeleton with respect to the finite strain axes, regardless of the bulk strain and the kinematic vorticity, and rotate in a way similar to the shear sense with increasing bulk strain ratio. The larger the vorticity number the more asymmetrical their legs tend to be. In the case of strong dynamic recrystallization and large bulk strain, under simple shear the crossed girdle switches into single girdles, sub-perpendicular to the shear plane, by losing the weak legs. The numerical results in our models do not confirm the above-mentioned assumption.     

内蒙古额仁陶勒盖银矿区火成岩岩石地球化学特征及锆石SHRIMPU-Pb同位素定年

通过对额仁陶勒盖银矿区的塔木兰沟组中酸性火山岩详细的岩石地球化学特征研究表明,该套火山岩具高硅(SiO₂>57%)、高铝(Al₂O₃>16%)、富碱尤其富钾(K₂O>3%)特征,属HKCA系列;稀土含量中等(187×10^-6~240×10^-6),(La/Yb)_N在18.6~27.9,Yb<1.90×10^-6,Y<18.0×10^-6,δEu=0.85~0.96,轻重稀土分馏强烈,明显亏损重稀土,无或略具负铕异常;微量元素相对富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、HREE,与活动陆缘火成岩的微量元素特征一致.塔木兰沟组安山质火山岩特征表明,安山质岩浆来源较深(>50km),起源于加厚地壳底部,源区残留为石榴石、单斜辉石及角闪石,岩浆在部分熔融及后期演化过程中不曾与斜长石平衡过,可能是蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合后进入碰撞后松弛阶段,钙碱性或高钾钙碱性的中基性变火成岩的部分熔融形成.对与额仁陶勒盖银矿关系密切的石英斑岩(脉)测年,获得SHRIMP U-Pb年龄138.6±2.3Ma,为石英斑岩的成岩年龄,进一步限定该银矿床形成于早白垩世早期.对塔木兰沟组安山岩与石英斑岩成岩年龄、矿床成矿特征等方面进行探讨了,认为该银矿床为岩浆热液成因.     

Quartz and calcite microfabric transitions in a pressure and temperature gradient,Sivrihisar, Turkey

Interlayered quartzite and marble in the southern Sivrihisar Massif, Turkey, record metamorphic conditions ranging from high-pressure/low-temperature through a Barrovian overprint from chlorite- to sillimanite-zone conditions. This sequence was exhumed under transtension, producing macroscopic constrictional fabrics (L-tectonites) during crustal thinning. Quartz microstructures consist of dynamically recrystallized aggregates in the dislocation creep regime dominated by grain boundary migration. Quartz microstructures are relatively constant across the high metamorphic gradient, and crystallographic fabric patterns transition from plane strain to constriction strain. Calcite fabrics are characterized by progressive overprinting of a columnar texture inherited from the high-pressure polymorph aragonite. In the low-temperature Barrovian domain (<400?°C), shearing of calcite rods produced a very strong c-axis point maximum. At moderate temperature, calcite rods were partially to totally recrystallized and the strong preferred orientation maintained. At temperature >500?°C and high constriction strain, marble has no crystallographic fabric, likely reflecting a transition from dislocation creep to diffusion creep. Phengite in high-pressure/low-temperature marble and quartzite yields relatively simple age spectra with Late Cretaceous (88–82 Ma) ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages. Barrovian muscovite records significantly younger ages (63–55 Ma). The transtension system and associated metamorphism may have occurred above a subduction zone in Paleocene–Eocene time as a precursor to intrusion of Eocene (~53 Ma) arc plutons.     

Beachrock as evidence of sea-level lowstand during the classical period,Parion antique city,Marmara Sea,Turkey

Results obtained from beachrock lying on the north coast of the antique city of Parion in Çanakkale province, NW Turkey, are presented based on field data, petrographic analyses, cement fabrics, and radiocarbon dating. Extending to 20?m offshore at a depth of ?2?m, the studied 50-cm thick beachrock is poorly sorted lithic sandstone. Both exposed and submerged parts are characterized by sequentially precipitated marine phreatic and vadose cements composed of micrite encrustations with micro-organism borings, pseudopeloidal aggregates of high-Mg calcites with scalenohedral habits and meniscus bridges. Radiocarbon ages point to a deposition during the classical period when the sea level was below (between ?1 and ?1.5?m) that of the present. The beachrock witnesses a granule- and pebble-dominated wide beach prior to cementation, suggesting that Parion’s fortification walls were behind the coastline during this lowstand and raises questions concerning the existence of a harbor north of the city.     

滇西崇山剪切带南段左行走滑作用的构造特征及时代约束

作为保山地块与兰坪-思茅盆地的重要边界,崇山剪切带新生代以来经历了多阶段的构造变形;其中以大规模走滑韧性剪切作用最为明显,表现为北段以右行走滑剪切为主、南段以左行走滑剪切为主.本文通过对崇山剪切带南段永保桥-瓦窑桥剖面出露的崇山群石英片岩、片麻岩及糜棱岩等进行详细露头解析、室内显微构造观察以及变形石英的EBSD组构分析,认为崇山剪切带南段的岩石新生代以来至少经历了两期不同环境下的韧性变形:第一期(D1)为纯剪条件下的收缩变形,发生的温度条件大约在550 ～ 650℃(角闪岩相),表现为一些褶皱构造、石香肠或透镜体构造的发育及石英的C轴组构图呈斜方对称式;第二期(D2)为单剪递进条件下的左行走滑剪切变形,表现形式为走滑剪切面理的发育及各类岩石遭受韧性剪切变形从而改造成糜棱岩.此外,在崇山剪切带内发育一套含电气石花岗质脉体,根据详细的露头解析及显微构造分析,本文认为该套含电气石花岗质脉体是左行剪切作用初期阶段伴随的深熔作用的产物,为同剪切花岗岩脉.本文选取了两个含电气石花岗质脉体的样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,分别得到21.7±0.3Ma和22.7±0.3Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄,进一步表明了崇山剪切带南段的左行剪切作用起始时代在22Ma左右或略早于22Ma.     

SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating of the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite from the Kanto Mountains,Japan: Implications for late Paleozoic granitic activity in Japanese Islands

The new result of SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating of the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite from the Kanto Mountains, Japan, provides 281.5 ± 1.8 Ma. The age is 30 m.y. older than the available age of the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite obtained by hornblende K–Ar method. The new U–Pb zircon age represents the time of crystallization of the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite. The hornblende K–Ar age indicates the time that the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite cooled down to 500 °C which is the closure temperature of the systematics. Permian granites are found in small exposures in Japan, and frequently referred to as 250 Ma granites. The Kinshozan Quartz Diorite is considered as a type of the 250 Ma granites, and the age was influential in establishing a model of Paleozoic tectonic evolution for the Japanese Islands. The new age of the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite provides the opportunity to re‐examine the model. The Kinshozan Quartz Diorite and other Permian granites in the south of the Median Tectonic Line of Japan were constituents of the Paleo‐Ryoke Belt. The geochemical characteristics of the granitic rocks in the Paleo‐Ryoke Belt indicated that the granitic rocks were formed in a primitive island arc environment, and the new trace element data also support this interpretation. Examination of the available data and results of the present study suggests the late Paleozoic granitic activity in Japan as follows. At about 310–290 Ma, arc magmatism generated adakitic granites and other granites in the South Kitakami Belt. Quartz diorite and tonalites of primitive characteristic, such as the Kinshozan Quartz Diorite and granites in the Maizuru Belt appear to have been formed at the immature island arc, and accreted to the Japanese Islands at the end of Paleozoic or early Mesozoic era. During 260–240 Ma, granitic activity took place in the Hida and Maizuru Belts as a part of the Asian continent.     

朝阳台VP型宽频带倾斜仪与SQ70石英水平摆倾斜仪数据对比分析

运用频谱分析、互相关分析及观测精度等方法,对朝阳地震台石英水平摆倾斜仪与VP宽频带倾斜仪2014年1月至8月的数据进行分析。通过分析得出,VP记录的频率成份较石英水平摆多且复杂,其记录的信息要多于后者,VP垂直摆观测精度总体上优于模拟观测,可以替代石英水平摆。