环境植物生理学定量研究的若干进展

环境植物生理学有关植物水分关系、蒸腾作用、光合作用、气孔调节以及水分利用等方面的定量研究取得了较大进展，对干旱地区植物水分平衡、干旱适应性等研究有指导意义和应用价值，也可为植物与环境变化关系、ＳＰＡＣ水分传输等研究提供依据     

地形作战性能的研究

本文从地形在战争中的地位与作用出发,提出了地形作战性能概念,分析了它的内涵,并进行了层次区分,研究了分析地形作战性能的方法、步骤与手段,对辅助决策具有重要的意义。     

牡蛎中氨基酸的傅里叶变换近红外光谱法快速定量测定

本文通过乘法散射校正(multiplicative scattering correction MSC)、一阶求导(1st Derivative,Db1)和Norris平滑等傅里叶变换近红外光谱定量分析数学模型,用交叉验证法确定了最优化建模参数,构建了牡蛎中氨基酸的快速定量测定方法。结果表明,牡蛎近红外光谱与氨基酸含量化学计量学拟合,线性相关系数为0.9860,交叉验证后线性相关系数为0.9794,对牡蛎样品进行检测,结果与传统的氨基酸分析仪的测试结果相比,相对误差小于2.5%,方法的精密度(RSD)小于1.0%,本文建立的傅里叶变换近红外光谱法定量分析牡蛎中氨基酸具有快速、准确、操作简便等特点,测定重复性优于氨基酸分析仪法。     

Frequency analysis across the drowning of a Lower Jurassic carbonate platform: The Calcare Massiccio Formation (Apennines,Italy)

This work illustrates the evolution the Lower Jurassic shallow-water carbonates known as the Calcare Massiccio Formation in the Central Apennines (Italy). The Calcare Massiccio is characterized by lateral and vertical variability in the facies associations, related to an articulated physiography of the Triassic to Lower Jurassic carbonate platform and to its tectonic evolution. This work documents the depositional environment changes during the platform evolution. Quantitative analysis on samples collected from three stratigraphic sections were performed through the Calcare Massiccio succession allowed up to the overlying Pliensbachian pelagites. Two type of carbonate sedimentation have been recognized: in the peritidal and shallow subtidal environments (Calcare Massiccio A) the carbonate production is dominated by microbial activity, while the carbonate sedimentation in a deeper environment of middle to outer ramp (Calcare Massiccio B), is dominated by a bioclastic sedimentation.The evolution from the Calcare Massiccio A to the B can be interpreted as the product of increase of accommodation that in turn produced a backstepping of carbonate facies belt, the photic microbial dominated peritidal facies developed on the persistent Latium-Abruzzi Platform while the bioclastic carbonate production factory settled on the structural highs resulting from the dismembering of the platform by syn-sedimentary tectonic.The bioclastic carbonate factory was not efficient in filling the available accommodation space produced by Sinemurian extensional tectonic. This inefficiency was amplified by the restricted area available for this factory in the small structural highs. These conditions were sufficient to predispose the platform to the drowning without invoke change in the trophic resource or change in the palaeoceanography.     

辽宁省未来7d土壤墒情逐日滚动预报方法研究

基于气象台定量预报数据和自动土壤水分监测数据等实时和历史资料,采用土壤水分平衡原理,研究了辽宁省未来7 d土壤墒情逐日滚动预报方法。结果表明:预报模型稳定性好,能够较好地模拟出辽宁省未来7 d土壤墒情的定量演变趋势,首次实现了土壤墒情的定量化预报、精细化(县级)预报及逐日滚动预报。该方法成功实现的关键之处在于采用回归分析方法实现了气象台提供的预报要素和模型所用预报要素之间的转换。     

两种基于雷达的临近预报算法在赣江流域的应用

将多尺度雷达回波跟踪(MTREC:Muti-scale Tracking radar echoes by correlation)算法和基于降水栅格数据的网格追踪临近预报外推(PBN:Pixel-Based Nowcasting)算法应用在赣江流域,对这两种临近预报算法在1~3 h预见期的临近预报降水数据进行评估,总结两种临近预报算法在赣江流域的预报性能和预报特点。结果表明:(1)随着预见期的增加,MTREC方法的预报性能变化较为平缓。PBN方法的预报性能明显变差。(2)MTREC方法预报降水偏弱,且对于低值降水预报较为准确,而PBN方法预报降水偏强,且预报高值降水较为准确。(3)MTREC方法预报的降水高值区的范围偏小而低值降水区范围偏大,PBN方法预报的高值降水区的范围偏大而低值降水区范围偏小。(4)随着预见期的增加,MTREC方法的降水概率预报变化较为平稳,而PBN方法预报高值降水(0.4 mm·h~(-1))的概率偏高,预报低值降水(0.4 mm·h~(-1))的概率偏低。     

雷达回波强度与雨滴谱参数的相关性研究

在雷达定量探测降水方面,目前大都采用雷达回波强度与降水强度的相关性来定量估算,但雷达回波强度与降水强度并非一一对应。本文利用从庐山和南京收集到的雷达观测资料和同步Parsivel观测到的雨滴谱数据,建立雷达回波强度与不同雨滴谱参数的函数关系,将由确定的函数关系式拟合后的雷达回波强度与雷达实测的回波强度作对比,以检验假定函数关系式的合理性,同时通过对比两地两类云降水拟合值的相对误差,给出了函数关系式中的最优y选项,为雷达定量估算降水量寻找新的途径。研究结果表明:庐山和南京两地两类云降水的雨滴谱参数对雷达回波强度的拟合普遍较好,其中对流云降水的拟合都明显好于层状云降水。两地层状云降水中各个雨滴谱参数对雷达回波强度的拟合曲线都大体相近,而对流云降水中,不同雨滴谱参数对雷达回波强度的拟合曲线差异较大。南京两类云降水拟合的相对误差要小于庐山两类云降水拟合的相对误差。除庐山对流云降水外,DV是两地两类云降水拟合公式中最优的y选项。而庐山对流云降水拟合式中,以N和DP的拟合最佳。     

Assessing the accuracy of hyperspectral and multispectral satellite imagery for categorical and Quantitative mapping of salinity stress in sugarcane fields

This study evaluates the feasibility of hyperspectral and multispectral satellite imagery for categorical and quantitative mapping of salinity stress in sugarcane fields located in the southwest of Iran. For this purpose a Hyperion image acquired on September 2, 2010 and a Landsat7 ETM+ image acquired on September 7, 2010 were used as hyperspectral and multispectral satellite imagery. Field data including soil salinity in the sugarcane root zone was collected at 191 locations in 25 fields during September 2010. In the first section of the paper, based on the yield potential of sugarcane as influenced by different soil salinity levels provided by FAO, soil salinity was classified into three classes, low salinity (1.7–3.4 dS/m), moderate salinity (3.5–5.9 dS/m) and high salinity (6–9.5) by applying different classification methods including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Minimum Distance (MD) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) on Hyperion and Landsat images. In the second part of the paper the performance of nine vegetation indices (eight indices from literature and a new developed index in this study) extracted from Hyperion and Landsat data was evaluated for quantitative mapping of salinity stress. The experimental results indicated that for categorical classification of salinity stress, Landsat data resulted in a higher overall accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient (KC) than Hyperion, of which the MD classifier using all bands or PCA (1–5) as an input performed best with an overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 84.84% and 0.77 respectively. Vice versa for the quantitative estimation of salinity stress, Hyperion outperformed Landsat. In this case, the salinity and water stress index (SWSI) has the best prediction of salinity stress with an R² of 0.68 and RMSE of 1.15 dS/m for Hyperion followed by Landsat data with an R² and RMSE of 0.56 and 1.75 dS/m respectively. It was concluded that categorical mapping of salinity stress is the best option for monitoring agricultural fields and for this purpose Landsat data are most suitable.     

冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物物质来源的定量分离:Sr-Nd同位素方法

利用1994年85－904航次获取的冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物样品，测定其硅酸盐相的^87Sr/^86Cr和^143Nd/^144Nd比值，以定量研究冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物硅酸盐物质的来源，结果表明，冲绳海槽中段陆坡区表层沉积物硅酸盐相的^87Sr/^86Sr/^143Nd/^144Nd与东海陆架沉物硅酸盐相的^87Sr/^86Sr和^143Nd/^143Nd相当，槽底和东坡沉积物硅酸盐相的^87Sr/^86Cr和^143Nd/^144Nd值介于中国大陆硅酸盐物质和海槽水山碎屑的^87Sr/^86Sr,^143Nd/^144Nd比值之间，并大致具有两端员混合特征，利用以Sr同位素为参数的二端员混合方程进行物源定量分析的结果表明，冲绳海槽中段的西坡和槽底表层沉积物硅酸盐相以陆源物质为主，最大值为91．07％，由西向东，陆源物逐渐减少，在海槽东坡含量最小，最小值为9．93％，火山源物质在东坡含量最高，量大值为64．92％，由东向西，由北向东，火山源物质逐渐减少为零。     

气候年景定量化评价方法

气候年景评价是气候业务服务的重要产品——气候年公报的重要内容,其中评价方法是关键。旨在以福建省为例介绍一种计算简单、业务适用性强且易推广的气候年景定量化评价模型。基于福建省66个国家级气象站1961—2010年共50 a逐日气温、降水观测数据和综合气象干旱指数（MCI）数据,在分别建立低温年景、高温年景、雨涝年景和气象干旱年景的评价指标、等级划分标准和历史序列基础上,构建了综合气候年景的评价模型、等级划分标准和历史序列,实现了对福建省低温、高温、雨涝、气象干旱及综合气候年景的定量化评价且评价结果具有历史可比性。业务应用和历史事件验证显示所建评价指标体系合理,与历史重大事件一致性良好,可为汛期雨强、冬季低温强度、夏季高温强度等定量化评估提供参考。