Acceptance of the international compensation regime for tanker oil pollution – And its implications for China

The international compensation regime for tanker oil pollution has been successful in providing adequate and prompt compensation to pollution victims in its member states. Nevertheless, the attitudes of different countries toward acceptance of this regime have varied considerably. This paper aims to explain three main factors in the acceptance of the regime, including: (1) The level of economic development; (2) the risk of exposure to tanker oil spills; and (3) the financial burden associated with adherence to the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund (IOPC). Using both fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis and an Ordered Probit model, this study found two patterns causing upper-middle and high income countries to have a high acceptance level: (a) Those facing a medium risk of oil spills and having a low financial burden; and (b) those facing a high risk of oil spills. The study reveals that, for a country with a high risk of exposure to tanker oil spills, such as China, with its improvement in economic status it is far better for it to join the IOPC Fund, so as to provide better protection both for potential pollution victims and for the marine environment. The results of this study can also be applied to other countries that are considering whether or not to accept the international compensation regime for tanker oil pollution.     

应用面向对象的决策树模型提取橡胶林信息

橡胶林的无序和不合理种植引发了一系列的生态问题,快速监测橡胶林空间分布及动态变化,对橡胶的合理种植、区域生态环境保护以及有关部门的规划决策有重要的指导意义。以MODIS归一化植被指数NDVI时间序列数据和多时相的Landsat TM数据为基础分析橡胶林的季相和光谱特征,确定橡胶识别的关键时期和特征参数,构建面向对象的决策树分类模型,开展橡胶信息提取研究。结果表明,多时相的遥感数据可反映橡胶的季相特征,以TM数据为基础计算得到的陆表水分指数LSWI和归一化植被指数NDVI可作为橡胶识别的光谱特征参数,橡胶休眠期是利用遥感方法进行橡胶提取的最佳时期。相比于单时相数据,利用包含橡胶关键物候期的多时相遥感数据能得到更高的橡胶林提取精度。     

2020年新疆于田MS6.4地震和田台地电场异常的测道差异性

和田地电场台站距离2020年6月26日于田M_S6.4地震震中约305 km, 该台不同方位测道之间相关系数均值在0.8左右, 应用多极距原理获知震前两月该台地电场数据中“近场”信息较复杂, 但具有一定程度的可靠性。 计算该台不同极距测道的优势方位角α和不同方位测道间相关系数δ_NS/NW, 获知震前数月长、 短极距α、 δ_NS/NW存在不同的异常现象。 2011—2019年, 和田台周边300 km范围发生了6次M_S5.0以上地震, 这种异常现象的差异具有类似特点。 这反映出在同一场地, 地电场长、 短极距观测装置对周边中强地震的映震能力可能存在差异性。     

The production of meaning in outdoor recreation: A study of Norwegian practice

Outdoor recreation policy and management have largely been occupied by questions related to use patterns: who participates in which activities, where and when? However, it is commonly held that ideas and practices mutually influence each other. In outdoor recreation, it could be expected that the observable use patterns are influenced by the meaning recreationists ascribe to their activities. In this study 14 narratives of outdoor recreation practices are analyzed, in order to broaden the traditional understanding of the meaning of outdoor recreation.     

Feeling Slow Food: Visceral fieldwork and empathetic research relations in the alternative food movement

This paper details the author’s experiments with accessing the visceral realm in research on the food-based social movement, Slow Food (SF). “Visceral” is defined as the bodily realm where feelings, sensations, moods and so on are experienced. Fieldwork methods aimed at participatory co-creation of data through verbal communications in the form of in-depth conversations and group discussions, as well as non-verbal communications in the form of “intentionally designed experiences” and other forms of sensory involvement. Communications centered on understanding how foods and food-based settings elicit feelings and sensations that move and power bodies differently, and specifically how SF guides bodies to be affected by specific foods and environments. The paper details how data were created and recorded, specifically exploring how sensory-based research events were translated to data through the creation of imagined bodily empathies. The paper also discusses the emergence of change-oriented communications that pushed for transformation in SF’s (in)attention to visceral differences, thus demonstrating how visceral research can challenge researchers and participants to critically reflect upon, and perhaps transform, how their own bodies feel (and respond to) the world.     

X－CT检查与X线摄影的区别

本文列出ＣＴ检查与Ｘ线摄影的成像原理，及各自优缺点，提示临床正确应用ＣＴ检查与Ｘ线摄影，使得诊断更加正确有效，并节省患者的的检查费。     

沙漠蝗群对印巴边境植被的影响及其未来可能发展趋势

2020年初非洲东北和印巴边境沙漠蝗群席卷多个国家,大面积农田及自然植被被啃食,是什么气候条件促成了此次沙漠蝗灾?距离中国最近的印巴边境蝗群成为研究以及社会关注的热点,蝗灾对当地植被的影响如何?其发展趋势如何?从气候学上分析,蝗灾历史上是否曾经或者未来是否向印度东边迁飞而进入中国呢?本研究利用长时间序列的卫星遥感数据和气象气候观测数据,对沙漠蝗群可能扩展趋势进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)由于沙漠蝗群的啃食,2020年1月和2月,在蝗群分布区大面积植被区的归一化植被指数较常年大幅度下降,2月(2月3日数据)的啃食面积较1月明显扩大;(2)发生在2018年5月和10月两次印度洋飓风和2019年12月强热带风暴等几个罕见气旋给非洲和阿拉伯半岛带来的强降水,是本次非洲-西亚蝗灾的形成重要原因;(3)从影响沙漠蝗群起飞的气温和沙漠蝗虫适合的降水条件来看,历史上或未来沙漠蝗群迁徙到印度东边的机会很少,进入中国的可能性非常小。     

利用NOAA卫星AVHRR资料分析云的性质

文章利用NOAA卫星AVHRR的通道3（3.55～3.93 μm）、通道4（10.3～11.3 μm）和通道5（11.5～12.5 μm）所在波长上的亮温（BT3,BT4,BT5）以及它们之间的亮温差（BTD34,BTD45）,分析云的性质。分析表明:对于密蔽的云和无云区,通道间亮温差有极小值,在密实的云区BTD34可出现负值;当存在半透明云时,通道间亮温差大;云与背景地面之间温差点聚图的振幅越大,通道间亮温差越大。     

梅雨锋暴雨的Q矢量定性分析

本文利用1991年7月5日20时－6日20时一次江淮梅雨锋暴雨过程实部资料，结合地面降水分析，定性地比较分析了准地转Q矢量、半地转Q矢量及湿Q矢量的诊断特性。结果表明，半地转Q矢量比准地转Q矢量优越。非地转Q矢量与湿Q矢量相差不大，都明显比半地转Q矢量及准地转Q矢量优越。准地转Q矢量表现最差；700hPa各Q矢量的辐合场较各自在850hPa及500hPa的相应场对降水的反映更好，尤其是700hPa非地转Q矢量及湿Q矢量辐合场与同时刻地面降水的发生有很好的对应关系；与降水对应的Q矢量的辐合场基本位于槽前及气旋的中、前方，这对台站实际业务预报工作有参考价值。