Application of portable X-ray fluorescence analyses to metabasalt stratigraphy,Plutonic Gold Mine,Western Australia

Stratigraphy, structure and host-rock chemistry are dominant controls on the location of Au in Archaean greenstone-hosted Au deposits, but the stratigraphy in such deposits is seldom obvious due to the monotonous nature of the host rocks or pervasive alteration associated with Au mineralisation. Portable, hand-held, X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometry provides a method to rapidly collect large amounts of whole-rock geochemical data that can yield new insights into both stratigraphy and Au localisation. Here we present results of pXRF analyses of samples from a representative section through Au-mineralised amphibolite-facies metabasaltic rocks at Plutonic Gold Mine, Western Australia. These data illustrate a geochemical stratigraphy in which individual lava flows can be identified on the basis of element concentrations. The most evolved basalts are at the structural base of the succession, and the least evolved at the top of the sequence, confirming previous geochemical interpretations and textural evidence that the sequence is overturned, and demonstrating for the first time that the presented section does not involve significant structural repetition. In conjunction with Au assay data, the pXRF data reveal that Au commonly occurs along basalt flow boundaries. The elemental concentration data clearly demonstrates for the first time the stratigraphic control on Au mineralisation that is not readily apparent at the macroscopic level. The methods described in this paper are readily applied, and have the potential to enhance the understanding of otherwise unclear stratigraphy and its control on mineralisation in many different types of deposits worldwide.     

Geology,mineral chemistry and tourmaline B isotopes of the Córrego Bom Sucesso area,southern Serra do Espinhaço,Minas Gerais,Brazil: Implications for Au–Pd–Pt exploration in quartzitic terrain

The Palaeo-Mesoproterozoic metasiliciclastic rocks of the southern Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil, are host to historically important alluvial deposits of diamonds and gold. Detrital gold grains often comprise Au–Pd–Pt intermetallic compounds, with low Ag contents, which contain inclusions of tourmaline and titaniferous hematite (up to ~ 6 wt.% TiO₂). The latter minerals connect the alluvial mineralisation to the rutile–hematite–quartz veins and tourmalinisation observed in the quartzitic country rocks of the alluvial gravel. The quartzite (Sopa-Brumadinho Formation of lacustrine to fan-deltaic origin) is affected by pervasive B metasomatism with F-bearing tourmaline replacing the recrystallised quartz fabric. The tourmaline belongs to the alkali group, with Mg/(Mg + Fe) and X/(X + Na) ratios in the ranges from 0.5 to 0.7 and 0.18 to 0.29, respectively, where X represents vacancies in the X site. Boron-isotopic values of tourmaline vary from ~ 1 to − 10.4‰ δ¹¹B. The B-isotope range, in conjunction with the Na–Mg-rich tourmaline composition, and the widespread occurrence of tourmalinite in the Sopa-Brumadinho Formation suggest a derivation from non-marine evaporitic brines. Brines are capable of transporting otherwise immobile Ti and explain, under oxidising conditions, the fractionation of Ag from Pd to precipitate palladiferous gold with extremely high Pd/Ag ratios. Zirconium-in-rutile and Ti-in-quartz temperatures for a variety of hematite-rich veins suggest episodic vein emplacement over a temperature range from around 500 °C to ~ 350 °C. Cross-cutting relationships and episodic vein emplacement indicate a late-Brasiliano age.     

北衙金矿综合信息成矿预测

随着找矿难度的日益加大,如何运用高新技术对海量的地、物、化、遥地学多源信息进行“二次开发”和“综合应用”,提高找矿成功率,降低成本,已成为地质勘查领域亟待解决的问题。本文通过对北衙金矿的研究,在广泛收集、研究前人工作成果的基础上,厘定了北衙金矿综合信息找矿模型。以GIS为平台,对矿区积累的地、物、化多源信息进行了空间分...     

胶东辽上金矿床成因与找矿方向研究

位于山东烟台的辽上金矿床为一中型金矿,矿床赋存于新元古代玲珑超单元二长花岗岩与古元古代荆山群的接触带附近,发育矽卡岩化,矿体的产出严格受接触带构造控制.区内出露的中生代岩体为石英二长闪长岩.通过研究每个矿体的宏观产出特征,发现金矿体与石英二长闪长岩有关,区域上部分金矿体赋存于石英二长闪长岩中,而与新元古代玲珑超单元二长...     

基于混合像元分解提取多种类覆盖区遥感蚀变信息 ——以甘肃省岷县寨上金矿区为例

在多种类覆盖区,由于植被、河道、阴影、第四系等干扰因素影响,难于客观有效提取与成矿有关的遥感蚀变信息。应用混合像元分解的方法技术可以区分出混合像元中各类干扰信息的反射率值及其所占丰度值,从混合像元光谱中减去各干扰因素的反射率值及其所占份额,可以获取土壤或岩石的反射率值及其所占丰度值,将土壤或岩石反射率值除以其所占的份额...     

玲珑花岗岩在大尹格庄金矿成矿系统中的作用

大尹格庄金矿产于玲珑花岗岩与胶东群变质岩接触带的招平断裂中,其玲珑花岗岩具有富Si、富Al、贫Mg、富Na、低Y、低Yb、贫HREE、正Eu异常、高Ba、低Ti,较高的Mg#值的地球化学特征,与C型埃达克岩相似.本矿床的形成是玲珑花岗岩反复熔融的结果:玲珑花岗岩是绿岩基底重熔的产物,相当于形成胶东地区金矿床的矿胚;由地...     

滇东南老寨湾金矿地质特征及成因探讨

老寨湾金矿位于云南省东南部,地处著名的"滇黔桂金三角"内,是云南迄今为止唯一进行详查并大规模开发的"卡林型"金矿.现已探明矿床规模为中大型,目前,矿山已建成云南省首座吨金矿山,具有良好的成矿条件和找矿前景.本文通过对矿区地质背景、地质特征、地球化学特征、矿石特征进行了分析,推断矿床成因为后期热液改造形成,属沉积型后期热...     

菲律宾达沃砂金矿中金汞矿物研究及其找矿意义

本文系统研究了菲律宾棉兰老岛达沃砂金矿的矿物组合、金汞矿物的矿物学特征,认为随着金汞矿物中汞含量成分增加,金-汞系列矿物反射力具有由强-弱-强的变化特征,同时矿物硬度也随着减少。但是,当汞含量增加到相当比例时,尤其是晶体结构为等轴晶系时,其硬度却逐渐变大。笔者研究发现,金汞齐和r-汞金矿只是作为自然金或含汞自然金的矿物...     

黄铁矿中不同赋存状态金的测试及意义 —以胶莱盆地金矿中黄铁矿为例

本文论述了黄铁矿中晶格金、自然金、石英包体金的分离技术及测试方法,它可用于研究金矿载金矿物黄铁矿中不同赋存状态金与成矿的关系。运用本方法对胶莱盆地典型金矿中主成矿阶段黄铁矿三种赋存状态的金进行了测试,发现以自然金为主,且自然金含量比例差别不大,说明盆地中的金矿可能具有相同成矿流体和环境。通过对含矿与不含矿黄铁矿中离子晶格金含量研究,进行了靶区预测验证。研究发现黄铁矿中存在石英包体金,且部分金矿中石英包体金含量较高,普通测试方法可能丢失该类金,造成样品分析结果偏低,进而出现丢矿或资源量估算不准确的现象。     

山东乳山金青顶金矿成矿构造和应力场研究

金青顶金矿位于胶东东部牟平—乳山金成矿带的中部,为含金石英脉型金矿.基于构造填图、古构造应力场反演和古应力差值估算结果的分析,初步探讨了该矿床控矿断裂的运动学特征及构造演化历史.研究表明:该断裂经历了3期活动,即在成矿前为左行压扭,在成矿期—煌斑岩脉侵入为右行张扭,在成矿后为左行压扭;成矿作用发生在构造应力场转换时期....