李坝金矿床金的赋存状态与选矿工艺学

李坝大型金矿床是产于西秦岭上古生代沉积岩系中类卡林型金矿床典型代表。通过显微镜及选矿实验查定了李坝金矿床金的赋存状态，矿床金矿物呈微细粒多种独立矿物出现，金的赋存形式多样，显示多期多阶段成矿特点，成为划分类卡林型金矿的重要参考。矿石工艺学的研究对工业选矿有指导意义。     

黑龙江东安金矿床成因探讨

东安金矿床是黑龙江省新近发现的大型浅成热液金矿床。受断裂和隐爆角砾岩带控制，赋存于中生代陆相火山-侵入岩及晚印支期碱长花岗岩强硅化带中。成矿与火山-侵入岩作用有密切成生关系。通过对矿区内矿化围岩和基底岩石的金丰度和稀土元素特征的研究，以及对石英中包裹体测温、盐度、液相成分、氢-氧同位素特征的研究，认为该矿床的成矿物质主要来源于基底变质岩；成矿温度为144℃～348℃；成矿深度约0．2km～1．0km；成矿时代为中燕山晚期，为一浅成热液低硫型金矿床。     

黑龙江东安金矿潜火山岩的控矿作用

东安金矿是黑龙江省发现的大型浅成低温热液低硫化物型金矿床。赋存于中生代潜流纹岩和晚印支期碱长花岗岩接触外带的断裂系统中，近矿围岩硅化强烈、冰长石化发育。通过对潜火山岩的控矿作用研究，认为该区钙碱性中酸性潜火山岩是成矿的重要条件。     

豫西金矿类型划分

豫西金矿矿床类型复杂，在前人的金矿床类型划分的基础上，根据豫西金矿床明显的野外地质特征，提出了豫西金矿类型划分方案，并对各金矿床类型的地质特征进行了简述，同时，对它们之间的共性作了总结。指出：豫西各类金矿类型之间既存明显的区别又具有密切的时间和空间上的成因联系，这一特点对用于拓宽该地区进一步的金矿找矿思路是十分必要的。     

江西金山金矿田东蒋金矿床地质特征及找矿远景

阐述了东蒋金矿床的成矿地质背景,通过对该金矿区地质特征的分析和总结,认为东蒋韧性剪切带为一卓具规模的控矿、容矿构造,其具有构造岩分带、蚀变分带及金矿化强度分带“三位一体”的规律性分布特点。指出该区业已发现韧性剪切带中的似层状金矿体和陡倾斜断裂带(F1)中的脉状金矿体,而该带目前无矿的东段分布有物探激电、航磁、重力异常及化探异常,这些都显示该区尚具有良好的找矿前景。     

Modeling of gold mass transfer during the listwanitization and rodingitization using the example of the Ust’-Dep ophiolite complex in the upper Amur territory

Gold mass transfer with chloride and carbonate-chloride solutions was examined at the 300 and 400°C isotherms and P _tot = 1 kbar by means of experimental modeling and theoretical simulations. CO₂ was confirmed to suppress Au solubility in fluids. The low Au solubility (mAu < 10^?8) determined in the experiments explains the mechanism of its precipitation when serpentinites and listwanites interact with acidic mineralized solutions. Listwanitization, which was genetically related with the emplacement of orogenic granitoids, was determined to have overprinted serpentinites and rodingites and strongly affected Au transport in the oregeochemical system. The characteristics of the metasomatic processes in the Ust’-Dep ophiolites and the gold concentration in the rocks produced by these processes confirm this conclusion.     

放射性物探方法在辽宁团山子地区金矿找矿中的应用

辽宁省兴城市团山子地区位于青龙-葫芦岛近东西向断裂的东段,碱厂岩体南缘,八家子-杨家杖子多金属成矿区的中南部.通过钻探证实,金矿化受近东西向断裂构造控制,矿化类型为碎裂蚀变岩型,具有低品位、大矿量特点,在辽西地区属首次发现.为加强对本区控矿构造特征和金矿化赋存规律的研究,采用了放射性物探方法进行探索,取得了较好的找矿效果.由于该方法简便易行,对于在区域上寻找该类型金矿具有重要意义,值得借鉴和推广.     

中国贵金属矿床的基本成矿规律与找矿方向

通过对近年来贵金属矿床勘查进展及其主要类型、主要成矿时代、主要矿集区等的分析与归纳,总结了中国金矿床、银矿床和铂族元素矿床的基本成矿规律,并提出它们各自的找矿方向。中国金矿床类型多,主要形成于中生代和新生代,集中在胶东、辽东、华北地台边缘、小秦岭、阿尔泰、金沙江-红河断裂带、台湾和东南沿海、滇黔桂、陕甘川及长江、黑龙江等主要水系的上游,金矿的找矿方向包括:①老矿区的"探边摸底"和"攻深找盲";②新矿集区的典型研究与采选冶技术改进;③综合利用技术的创新将使相当多的表外矿变为当前可开采的矿床;④新区勘查;⑤加强成矿系列、成矿体系和成矿规律的研究,以理论指导找矿并综合评价。中国银矿以伴生银矿为主,主要形成于中生代和新生代,变质岩、岩浆岩和沉积岩均可容矿,造山带和盆地区的构造破碎带尤其值得重视。当前需要加强对锰矿区含银性和Mn异常区的研究,尤其是中国东部中新生代盆地区断裂带与Mn、Ag化探异常吻合地区,应该综合评价。中国铂族元素矿床可以分为岩浆型、沉积型和热液型三大类,可形成于从前寒武纪到新生代的各个时代,至少构成8个重要成矿远景区(带),重点放在康滇地轴和二叠纪末期峨眉地幔柱影响到的地区,但华北地台老基底中的原生矿及其周边的砂矿不可忽视。     

Geology and Metallogenesis of the Sawayaerdun Gold Deposit in the Southwestern Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

The Sawayaerdun gold deposit, located in Wuqia County, Southwest Tianshan, China, occurs in Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian low‐grade metamorphic carbonaceous turbidites. The orebodies are controlled by a series of NE‐NNE‐trending, brittle–ductile shear zones. Twenty‐four gold mineralized zones have been recognized in the Sawayaerdun ore deposit. Among these, the up to 4‐km‐long and 200‐m wide No. IV mineralized zone is economically the most important. The average gold grade is 1–6 g/t. Gold reserves of the Sawayaerdun deposit have been identified at approximately 37 tonnes and an inferred resource of 123 tonnes. Hydrothermal alteration is characterized by silicification, pyritization, arsenopyritization, sericitization, carbonatization and chloritization. On the basis of field evidence and petrographic analysis, five stages of vein emplacement and hydrothermal mineralization can be distinguished: stage 1, early quartz stage, characterized by the occurrence of quartz veins; stage 2, arsenopyrite–pyrite–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of auriferous quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 3, polymetallic sulfide quartz stage, characterized by the presence of auriferous polymetallic sulfide quartz veinlets and stockworks; stage 4, antimony–quartz stage, characterized by the formation of stibnite–jamesonite quartz veins; and stage 5, quartz–carbonate vein stage. Stages 2 and 3 represent the main gold mineralization, with stage 4 representing a major antimony mineralization episode in the Sawayaerdun deposit. Two types of fluid inclusion, namely H₂O–NaCl and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl types, have been recognized in quartz and calcite. Aqueous inclusions show a wide range of homogenization temperatures from 125 to 340°C, and can be correlated with the mineralization stage during which the inclusions formed. Similarly, salinities and densities of these fluids range for each stage of mineralization from 2.57 to 22 equivalent wt% NaCl and 0.76 to 1.05 g/cm³, respectively. The ore‐forming fluids thus are representative of a medium‐ to low‐temperature, low‐ to medium‐salinity H₂O–NaCl–CO₂–CH₄–N₂ system. The δ³⁴S_CDT values of sulfides associated with mineralization fall into a narrow range of ?3.0 to +2.6‰ with a mean of +0.1‰. The δ¹³C_PDB values of dolomite and siderite from the Sawayaerdun gold deposit range from ?5.4 to ?0.6‰, possibly reflecting derivation of the carbonate carbon from a mixed magmatic/sedimentary source. Changes in physico‐chemical conditions and composition of the hydrothermal fluids, water–rock exchange and immiscibility of hydrothermal fluids are inferred to have played important roles in the ore‐forming process of the Sawayaerdun gold–antimony deposit.     

Orogenic Gold Mineralization in the Qolqoleh Deposit, Northwestern Iran

The Qolqoleh gold deposit is located in the northwestern part of the Sanandai‐Sirjan Zone, northwest of Iran. Gold mineralization in the Qolqoleh deposit is almost entirely confined to a series of steeply dipping ductile–brittle shear zones generated during Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision between the Afro‐Arabian and the Iranian microcontinent. The host rocks are Mesozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequences consisting of felsic to mafic metavolcanics, which are metamorphosed to greenschist facies, sericite and chlorite schists. The gold orebodies were found within strong ductile deformation to late brittle deformation. Ore‐controlling structure is NE–SW‐trending oblique thrust with vergence toward south ductile–brittle shear zone. The highly strained host rocks show a combination of mylonitic and cataclastic microstructures, including crystal–plastic deformation and grain size reduction by recrystalization of quartz and mica. The gold orebodies are composed of Au‐bearing highly deformed and altered mylonitic host rocks and cross‐cutting Au‐ and sulfide‐bearing quartz veins. Approximately half of the mineralization is in the form of dissemination in the mylonite and the remainder was clearly emplaced as a result of brittle deformation in quartz–sulfide microfractures, microveins and veins. Only low volumes of gold concentration was introduced during ductile deformation, whereas, during the evident brittle deformation phase, competence contrasts allowed fracturing to focus on the quartz–sericite domain boundaries of the mylonitic foliation, thus permitting the introduction of auriferous fluid to create disseminated and cross‐cutting Au‐quartz veins. According to mineral assemblages and alteration intensity, hydrothermal alteration could be divided into three zones: silicification and sulfidation zone (major ore body); sericite and carbonate alteration zone; and sericite–chlorite alteration zone that may be taken to imply wall‐rock interaction with near neutral fluids (pH 5–6). Silicified and sulfide alteration zone is observed in the inner parts of alteration zones. High gold grades belong to silicified highly deformed mylonitic and ultramylonitic domains and silicified sulfide‐bearing microveins. Based on paragenetic relationships, three main stages of mineralization are recognized in the Qolqoleh gold deposit. Stage I encompasses deposition of large volumes of milky quartz and pyrite. Stage II includes gray and buck quartz, pyrite and minor calcite, sphalerite, subordinate chalcopyrite and gold ores. Stage III consists of comb quartz and calcite, magnetite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and gold ores. Studies on regional geology, ore geology and ore‐forming stages have proved that the Qolqoleh deposit was formed in the compression–extension stage during the Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision in a ductile–brittle shear zone, and is characterized by orogenic gold deposits.