芙蓉锡矿田地球物理地球化学特征及找矿意义

芙蓉锡矿田位于炎陵-蓝山北东向重磁梯级带的中段南侧。锡矿产于骑田岭复式花岗岩体南部内外接触带,多呈脉状产出。锡矿体与围岩有明显的磁性、电性差异,物化探异常与矿体的空间分布有密切关系,综合异常的浓集部位,反映了矿体的分布位置。此规律对寻找新矿体和新锡矿产地具指导意义。     

骑田岭花岗岩体的地球化学特征及其对成矿的制约

骑田岭花岗岩体位于湖南省南部 ,在其东北部接触带有骑田岭大型夕卡岩型锡矿 ,南部接触带有新探明的芙蓉超大型锡多金属矿床。本文采用ICP_AES和ICP_MS分析了骑田岭花岗岩全岩的主量、微量和稀土元素含量。其主量元素特征表明 ,骑田岭花岗岩具有富硅富碱富铝、贫镁铁的特点 ,经历了较大程度的结晶分异。稀土元素总量较高 ,轻稀土元素富集 ,重稀土元素亏损。岩石富集大离子亲石元素 ,特别是富集Rb、Th ,推测源岩可能来源于陆壳物质。与相邻的千里山花岗岩比较 ,虽然没有显著的四分组效应 ,但它们的地球化学性质具有很大的相似性。另对岩体的成因、形成时代和成矿作用进行了讨论 ,认为骑田岭花岗岩超大型锡多金属矿床的形成是侏罗纪岩石圈在伸展环境下引起地幔物质上涌使地壳物质发生重熔 ,同时在热液作用参与下金属元素重新富集的结果     

骑田岭芙蓉锡矿的成岩和成矿物质来源： 锆石Lu Hf 同位素和矿物包裹体He Ar同位素证据

本文分析测试了骑田岭花岗岩芙蓉锡矿的各类花岗岩的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄和Lu-Hf同位素组成。本区有两期花岗岩,早期角闪石黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为160.02.7 Ma,晚期黑云母花岗岩的锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为156.5±1.8 Ma。在晚期矿化的黑云母花岗岩中出现了蜕晶化锆石,蜕晶化锆石强烈富集LREE和U、Th,是典型热液锆石的特征。四个花岗岩锆石的Lu-Hf同位素组成说明骑田岭花岗岩的成岩物质主要来源于下地壳,它们的原始岩浆源于中元古代(1.3~1.5Ga)下地壳物质的部分熔融,并有部分地幔物质的参与。还分析测定了骑田岭芙蓉锡矿黄铁矿、石榴子石流体包裹体的He-Ar同位素组成,其3 He/4 He比值较低(0.059~0.432),介于地壳和地幔流体3 He/4 He比值之间,表明芙蓉锡矿的成矿流体主要来源于地壳,同时有部分地幔流体的参与成矿。     

湘南骑田岭矿集区深部探测剖面的稀土元素地球化学特征

湖南骑田岭白石渡—飞仙镇剖面是我国深部探测专项工作实施的重点剖面之一,前人对该剖面穿过的骑田岭岩体稀土元素特征开展了大量研究工作,但并未系统地就岩体、风化壳及其邻近的地层等各地质单元稀土元素地球化学特征作出分析。本文运用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术,对该剖面穿切的5种地质单元(灰岩岩屑、砂岩岩屑、第四纪残破积黏土、花岗岩及花岗岩风化壳)的稀土元素含量进行分析。结果表明:①剖面中各地质体的稀土配分曲线均为轻稀土富集型,但稀土总量存在显著的差异,骑田岭花岗岩风化壳的稀土含量最高(均值605×10-6),灰岩的稀土含量最低(均值154.3×10-6);对于相同岩石类型的岩性,其稀土总量也存在着较大差异,往往是越靠近岩体的地层其稀土元素含量越高;②结合REEs-Y/ΣREEs、ΣREEs-δEu图解及前人对花岗岩中锇同位素示踪结果,推测骑田岭花岗岩混入了较多的幔源物质;③骑田岭花岗岩风化壳的稀土含量(RE2O3平均含量814.8×10-6)超过了离子吸附型稀土矿床的边界品位(重稀土RE2O30.05%,轻稀土0.07%)。研究指出,骑田岭矿集区的稀土是否以离子吸附状态存在以及能否构成工业矿床有待进一步评价。     

浅谈对湘南地幔柱构造的认识及其地质意义

近30年来,对地幔柱的研究和探索取得了重要进展,对地幔柱在成矿学方面的应用也有了较深入的研究。湘南地区存在有地幔柱二、三次演化阶段的地质记录,即以宁远-道县为中心的二次柱和以骑田岭为中心的三次柱,通过对它们的认识和研究,有助于在找矿思路方面获取一些新的启示。     

湘南骑田岭花岗岩岩体地球化学特征及锡成矿潜力

骑田岭岩体为燕山期多阶段侵入的复式岩体。其主体芙蓉超单元的岩性主要为二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩等,K2O+Na2O质量分数为7.32%～10.01%,平均值为8.17%;在花岗岩分类图解中,大多数样品都投影在A型花岗岩区内,但和典型的A型花岗岩相比,呈现出高TiO2、CaO、MgO,低FeO*/MgO等特点。花岗岩稀土元素配分模式相近,曲线表现为轻稀土段向右缓倾,而重稀土段则近于平坦,呈现典型的轻稀土富集、明显的负铕异常模式。花岗岩微量元素以Rb、Th强烈富集,Sr、Ti强烈亏损为特点,同时Ba、Ta、Nb、Nd、Zr、Hf也表现出一定程度的富集。骑田岭花岗岩具有较高的Sn背景含量,处于一个对Sn成矿非常有利的空间环境、时间背景之中,显示出良好的Sn成矿潜力。     

Fluid–rock interaction in the Qitianling granite and associated tin deposits, South China: Evidence from boron and oxygen isotopes

The behavior of boron and its isotopes in fluid-dominant processes and hydrothermal alteration of granites is examined using fresh and altered granite samples from the Qitianling granite and associated hydrothermal tin deposits in South China. Boron concentrations are highest in the fresh granite (37 ppm) and depleted as a result of two stages of fluid mobility and fluid–rock interaction within the granite. Constraints provided both by δ¹¹B and δ¹⁸O data suggest that the first stage was related to exsolution of aqueous fluids from the granite magma at a temperature of > 450 °C. This was followed by further boron depletion in the granite by hydrothermal circulation of meteoric water at lower temperatures (~ 350 °C) and low water/rock ratios. The sensitivity of coupled boron and oxygen isotope systematics to these processes suggests that they can provide valuable constraints on of fluid mobility in granite and associated mineralization.     

骑田岭花岗岩各单元特征及物质来源与成岩方式初步探讨

通过1:50000骑田岭花岗岩基单元—超单元填图,笔者从岩石学、岩石化学、暗色包体、微量元素、稀土元素和副矿物等特征研究入手,指出岩基的物质来源与成因,应是地壳物质重熔型,可能有少量幔源物质参与混熔,岩体的成岩方式,为岩浆侵入冷却而成。     

湘南骑田岭锡矿成矿规律探讨

骑田岭地区位于炎陵-郴州-蓝山北东向基底构造岩浆岩带中部,是南岭中段多金属成矿带的重要组成部分。现已查明111—333锡资源量101.3×104t,近期又发现了具超大型找矿前景的芙蓉锡矿田。锡矿类型可分为气化高温热液型锡矿、高—中温热液型锡矿、次火山热液型锡矿及冲积型砂锡矿四大类7个亚类,构成了一个较完整的成矿系列。各类锡矿是多次构造-岩浆活动综合作用的产物,燕山早期晚阶段及燕山晚期早阶段是主成矿期。特殊的地质构造背景造就了区内锡矿“带状分布、成群产出、等距展布”的空间分布规律,也展示了巨大的找矿潜力。     

Fractal Characteristics of Fault Structures and Their Use for Mapping Ore-prospecting Potential in the Qitianling Area, Southern Hunan Province, China

Quantitative analyses of the spatial distribution of fault structures can provide a theoretical basis for forecasting prospective ore deposits. Characteristics and complexity of fault structure distribution in the Qitianling area, Southern Hunan Province, China, were quantitatively calculated and appraised by fractal and multifractal methods to evaluate the relation between fault structures and ore-prospecting potential. The results show that the lengths of faults can be modeled as multifractals. Multifractal spectra evidently reflect the characteristics of the scaling of fault structures. The boxcounting dimension value(D) of fault structures is equal to 1.656, as indicates complexity of the spatial distribution of faults and favorable structural conditions for the formation of ore deposits. Moreover, the D values of sub-regions were calculated and isopleths of their fractal dimension values were plotted accordingly. Overlay analyses of isopleths of fractal dimension values and distributions of known ore deposits show that areas with the larger fractal dimension values of fault structures have more ore deposits. This spatial coupling relationship between D values and ore deposits can be used to forecast and explore other ore deposits. On the basis of complexity theory for ore-forming systems, three exploration targets with high D values were delineated as prospective ore deposits.