歧口凹陷古近纪沉积体系特征

根据歧口凹陷地震剖面的不整合特征等,将古近纪划分为3个二级层序。沙三三段—沙三二段层序:歧口凹陷强烈断陷期,湖盆扩张,气候湿润,普遍发育半深湖深湖泥岩;沙三一段—沙一中段层序:沙三一段基底抬升,地层遭受剥蚀,沙二段时断陷活动减弱,湖水减退,沉积范围减少,沙一段中、下段沉积范围有进一步扩大,该期是重要沉积期;沙一上段—东营组层序:在继承了沙一中、下段的地层沉积之后,东营组早期沉积时期较为稳定,整体沉降较弱,晚期基底整体抬升,遭受剥蚀。     

珠江口盆地白云凹陷中新统珠江组物源及其研究意义

南海北部陆坡深水区3Ma以来碎屑物质来源具多样性、复杂性和变化性.利用砂岩和异源生屑灰岩岩石学及泥岩稀土元素地球化学特征研究了珠江口盆地白云凹陷中新统珠江组深水扇的物源.结果表明,珠江组砂岩岩屑主要为变质岩屑和火山岩屑,并含较多深成岩屑.阴极射线下,石英以发蓝紫色-褐色光为主,长石主要发亮蓝色光.异源生屑灰岩为陆坡钙屑碎屑流沉积,来自于神狐暗沙隆起中新统碳酸盐台地.泥岩∑REE与燕山褶皱带燕山期中酸性火山岩较接近,分配模式与上地壳基本一致,并与燕山中酸性火山岩和花岗岩较接近.渐新世末,南海运动使南海海盆第二次海底扩张,并使陆架坡折带由白云凹陷南侧跳跃到凹陷北侧.该构造事件在青藏高原邻近盆地和中国东部盆地都有反映,反映可能发生了青藏高原隆升事件,使珠江组物源向西拓展.珠江期虽然存在活跃的深水牵引流,但珠江组原始物质仍应源自古珠江携带的华南沿海燕山褶皱带的中酸性火山岩、花岗岩和内陆古老的沉积-变质岩.     

重新划分塔里木盆地塔北隆起的次级构造单元

塔北隆起位于塔里木盆地北部,是塔里木盆地油气最富集的构造单元之一.其在古生代克拉通内古隆起的基础上,于二叠纪末-三叠纪早期定型为库车周缘前陆盆地的前缘隆起.新生代,其整体沉降,成为埋藏于北塔里木陆内前陆盆地前渊下的一个残余古隆起.目前通用的塔北隆起构造单元划分方案不能准确反映其真实的构造格局.根据最新的研究成果,我们建议重新划分塔北隆起构造单元:(1)取消哈拉哈塘凹陷和草湖凹陷,重新定义轮南低凸起.重新定义的轮南低凸起包括原轮南低凸起、哈拉哈塘凹陷和草湖凹陷北部,是一个下古生界大型鼻状背斜构造,形成于前石炭纪;原草湖凹陷南部划归北部坳陷.(2)以中奥陶统顶面海拔约-6500m的等高线作为塔北隆起的南部边界,该等高线较好地反映了塔北隆起南部的构造轮廓,特别是轮南大型鼻状背斜构造的轮廓.(3)以羊塔1-英买8断裂和英买4-英买1背斜组成的一条较清晰的古生界构造线划分轮台凸起和英买力低凸起.此界线两侧,古生界各反射层存在陡然、明显的落差,岩浆作用、地层发育、构造变形和演化历史存在明显差异.重新划分的塔北隆起包括库尔勒鼻状凸起、轮台凸起、轮南低凸起、英买力低凸起和温宿鼻状凸起五个次级构造单元.本文给出了塔北隆起及其各次级构造单元清晰的定义和范围,并简单论述了其形成演化过程.     

Sequence Thickness and its Response to Episodic Tectonic Evolution in Paleogene Qikou Sag,Bohaiwan Basin

The sequence stratigraphy framework of Paleogene of Qikou Sag has been built in this paper. The evolution law of episodic subsidence in Qikou Sag has been expounded, with the analysis of the characteristic of sequence thickness, as well as the study of consedimental tectonic activity, subsidence history, paleogeomorphology and the coupling relationship among them. The faults controlling action was the dominant mechanism during rifting stage I , as the depression was the dominant mechanism during rifting stage III, which embodies a process from intense disparity fault depression to integral subsidence. Meanwhile, under the control of regional faulting and later stage depression, subsidence rate centers and paleogeomorphic concave centers are always corresponding to the sequence thickness centers, and the changes of subsidence centers and paleogeomorphology concave centers are consistent with the migration of thickness centers, which presents the restriction, coupling and response among them and clarifies the law that tectonic activity controls the basin fill by means of controlling the subsidence rate and paleogeomorphology from contributing factor angle. On this basis, the dynamic evolution of the composite pattern of structure-subsidence-deposition in the fault controlling actic region during the three rifting stages and their petroleum geological significance has been discussed.     

内蒙古开鲁盆地陆东凹陷下白垩统九佛堂组-沙海组层序地层格架及沉积相预测

综合利用岩心、测井、地震等资料,对内蒙古开鲁盆地陆东凹陷九佛堂组-沙海组层序地层特征及沉积相进行了系统研究。结果表明,陆东凹陷九佛堂组-沙海组可以识别出3个三级层序界面;划分为2个三级层序（九佛堂层序和沙海层序）,分别对应九佛堂组和沙海组;识别出4种主要沉积相类型：扇三角洲相、近岸浊积扇相、远岸浊积扇相及湖泊相。在层序格架内,利用钻、测井资料和二维、三维地震资料对沉积体进行分析,并以此为依据,进一步研究了体系域内沉积相平面展布特征及演化规律,最终建立了该时期沉积发育模式：在盆地陡坡带主要发育扇三角洲和近岸浊积扇,在盆地缓坡主要发育扇三角洲和滨浅湖滩坝沉积,在盆地深洼带主要发育远岸浊积扇和风暴岩。     

Site response in the Qionghai Basin in the Wenchuan earthquake

Amplification effects of soil site response can significantly impact ground motions, and must be considered in the seismic fortification of buildings/structures to prevent or mitigate this potential seismic hazard. Utilizing acceleration time histories from the main shock of the Wenchuan earthquake recorded at four stations (i.e., one on bedrock and three on soil) in the Qionghai Basin, the site responses from three soil sites are studied by using the traditional spectral ratio method. The bedrock site is selected as a reference site. This study found that peak ground accelerations (PGAs) on the soil sites are much larger than on bedrock, with EW, NS and UD components of 3.96–6.58, 6.27–10.98, and 3.17–6.66 times those of the bedrock site, respectively. The amplification effects of the soil sites on ground motions in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz are significant, depending on the thickness of the soil layer and the frequency content of the site. A significant amplification occurs with high frequency components of ground motion at shallow soil sites, and low and high frequency components of ground motion at intermediate soil sites.     

湿地公园的生态旅游及科普宣教——以野鸭湖、邛海为例

利用问卷调查、随机采访及专人访谈等方法,对四川邛海和北京野鸭湖二个湿地公园展开了实地调研。结果表明:游客生态意识较薄弱,同时公园管理方未能较好开展生态知识宣传,湿地公园科普宣教设施和能力与游客生态旅游需求存在"断层"现象,生态科普宣教效果不佳。建议应强化针对不同年龄群体的宣教系统设计,完善解说体系和宣传体系,设立生态体验设施等改进措施。     

北部湾盆地福山凹陷古近纪辉长岩地球化学特征及构造意义

北部湾盆地福山凹陷古近系流沙港组二段泥岩中发育大面积巨厚辉长岩?地球化学分析表明,辉长岩具有中等TiO_2含量(2.15%~2.24%),较低MgO(5.77%~5.86%)、K_2O(1.18%~1.25%),P_2O_5(0.36%~0.39%)含量,且Na_2OK_2O,指示其类似于板内拉斑玄武岩。辉长岩ΣREE为105.61×10~(–6)~111.26×10~(–6),富集LREE,(La/Yb)_N=8.74~9.64,具有右倾型稀土配分模式;与原始地幔相比,富集Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素以及高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf,呈现板内碱性玄武岩特征,是地幔物质上涌与上覆薄而年轻的岩石圈地幔相互作用的产物?结合LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,辉长岩形成时间介于37~32 Ma,代表福山凹陷古近系辉长岩的侵位年龄,是古近纪岩石圈持续伸展环境下的产物?这对探讨福山凹陷以及中国东南部古近纪构造活动及岩浆演化具有重要的意义。     

乌石凹陷南陡坡带流二段源-汇系统及物性差异性分析

乌石凹陷南陡坡带流二段是近年北部湾盆地油气勘探的重要层系。为明确砂体及有利储层的分布规律,以钻井、地震、分析化验等资料为基础,逐一对流二段沉积体系源-汇系统各要素进行精细解剖,并结合断裂体系的分析,探讨了断裂-物源耦合控砂模式及有利储层分布主控因素。研究表明:区域性湖退促使了流二段中亚段扇三角洲体系的形成;F7断裂展布及活动特征控制了砂体的分布,总结建立了3种类型的断裂控砂模式,断坡带和断裂转换带控制了大-中型扇三角洲体系的发育;母岩类型的差异是储层溶蚀强弱不同的主要原因,中-西区母岩以磁铁矿型花岗岩为主,沉积物中含较多的钾长石等不稳定矿物,溶蚀孔发育,后期的溶蚀作用极大地改善了储层物性。综合以上分析,认为中-西区因大-中型扇三角洲体系发育且储层物性较好,是有利的勘探区域。     

西湖凹陷某构造低渗储层成岩演化研究

使用西湖凹陷某构造的常规岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及储层物性分析资料,利用视压实率、视胶结率和视溶蚀率等参数,定量研究了西湖凹陷某构造低渗储层成岩演化序列及孔隙演化过程。研究结果表明: (1)研究区低渗储层孔隙类型以次生溶蚀孔隙为主,粒间溶蚀孔是最主要的次生孔隙类型。(2)机械压实作用是储层低渗的主要因素,导致原始孔隙度损失达65%,溶蚀作用产生的次生溶蚀孔隙一定程度上使储层物性变好。(3)研究区处于中成岩阶段A2期和中成岩阶段B期,成岩演化序列为: ①脆性颗粒破碎,塑性颗粒变形,局部绿泥石衬边胶结; ②部分长石及岩屑早期溶解,早期石英次生加大; ③碳酸盐胶结并交代石英、长石等,石英颗粒发生溶蚀作用; ④碳酸盐、长石、岩屑等矿物溶蚀形成次生孔隙,石英次生加大; ⑤晚期铁方解石少量胶结、交代。该研究成果可为西湖凹陷低渗气藏优质储层的预测与评价提供科学依据。