沁水盆地松软煤层大直径绳索取心施工关键技术

2013ZX-SH-UM15V井位于山西沁水盆地腹部,为一口煤层气生产直井,在施工过程中需要对3号煤层、15号煤层取心,以了解其煤层含气量、煤岩特性等相关参数。在3号煤层、15号煤层取心过程中,因其煤层中下部煤质较松软,岩心采取率一度很低。结合3号煤层、15号煤层的煤岩特性及绳索取心钻井工艺的特点,通过反复的试验,最终成功完成了3号、15号煤层的取心工作,其中15号煤层岩心采取率达90%以上。总结了针对该区域的松软煤层的绳索取心施工关键技术。     

山西沁水盆地南部3号煤层储集空间特征与变质程度的关系

煤岩的变质程度影响着煤层的储集空间特征,对煤岩的孔隙度,渗透率以及煤岩微裂缝的发育都有重要影响。为了研究两者的关系,选取山西沁水盆地南部不同矿区有代表性的3号煤层,对不同变质程度煤样的镜质体反射率（R0）、孔隙度、渗透率进行了测试并对煤储集空间类型和结构进行扫描电镜观察。研究结果表明：3号煤层储集空间类型主要为孔隙和微裂缝;当R0小于2.4%,孔隙度、渗透率与R0呈负相关,R0大于2.4%时,孔隙度、渗透率与R0呈正相关,R0为2.4%可能是煤岩变质程度对煤岩孔隙度、渗透率影响的关键期,在高变质程度煤岩中孔隙度与渗透率的升高是由微裂缝的发育引起的,并且随着R0的增加,微裂缝发育程度增大。     

沁水煤田町店勘探区太原组K_2－K_4灰岩段沉积环境

Ｋ＿２－Ｋ＿４灰岩段地层发育在上石炭统太原组下部，由灰岩、砂岩、粉砂岩及泥岩互层的细粒沉积物以及煤组成。根据宏观沉积特征和微观显微结构的研究，笔者确定了该段沉积物形成于半局限海的潮汐环境。Ｋ＿２灰岩和Ｋ＿３灰岩为生物碎屑泥晶灰岩，代表了潮下带沉积；Ｋ＿４灰岩为含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩，属潮间带沉积物。该层段内的碎屑岩也属潮间带沉积物，其中砂岩为潮渠成因。该段地层中发育的３层煤由于受潮汐作用的影响，沉积厚度小，煤质差，达不到工业要求。     

山西沁水盆地石炭-二叠系煤层生排烃史分析

通过对沁水盆地石炭-二叠系煤层夹矸及煤层顶板砂岩石样品中的包裹体类型、与矿物的共生关系以及包裹体均一化温度研究,结合山西南部上古生界煤层埋藏史及热史演化分析,讨论了太原组和山西组煤层的排烃历史。结果表明,太原组和山西组煤层排烃主要发生在晚三叠世末期煤层抬升释压以来,大体可以分为中侏罗世、早白垩世早期和晚白垩世一直到古新世三期。早期有过煤成油的阶段,并且有一定规模的排油过程;主要的排气阶段正好与热催化生油气阶段和热裂解生凝析气阶段相对应,那么可以认为热解气和热裂解气是煤层气的主要组成部分。煤储层中液态烃与煤层夹矸及顶板岩石中液态烃组成特征存在着明显差别,可能是由排烃过程吸附分馏作用和不同成熟度液态烃的混合作用不同所致。甾烷和藿烷总体组成特征相似,说明煤层、煤层夹矸及顶板砂岩中油气来源于煤层。     

沁水盆地南部煤层气藏水文地质特征

水文地质条件对煤层气的高产富集起到重要的作用。沁水盆地南部有多个水文地质子单元,存在地下分水岭,造成煤层气井气水产能动态复杂化。研究区东部边界晋获断裂褶皱带的北段有明显的横向阻水作用,南段地下水径流条件极差,不导水。南部边界的中段具阻水性质,对晋城一带煤层气的保存与富集起到了重要作用。西部边界以安泽为界,北段阻水,南段由导水断层组成。本区内部存在着4条重要的水文地质边界。其中寺头断裂是一条封闭性的断裂,导水、导气能力极差。在沁水盆地的大宁-潘庄-樊庄地区,地下水以静水压力形式将煤层中的煤层气封闭起来。在寺头断裂西侧的郑庄及其附近地区,地下水径流强度可能较弱,较有利于煤层气保存。大宁-潘庄-樊庄一带为等势面"洼地"滞流型,煤层气富集条件好。      

用地震资料预测煤层气储层参数的方法初探

通过分析沁水煤田的地震地质条件,利用井信息结合地震资料,得出该区煤层气储层的特征与规律;利用数学地质知识的统计分析、回归分析,讨论了煤层气储层参数(煤层厚度、孔隙度及含气量)的预测方法。      

沁水盆地南部高阶煤储层垂直压裂缝导流能力分析

以沁水盆地南部山西组高阶煤储层压裂缝的地质模型为依据,对常规储层压裂缝导流能力的计算模型进行修正,建立起适合高阶煤储层水力压裂填砂裂缝导流能力的计算模型;通过分析沁水盆地南部压裂施工工艺及煤储层力学特征,结合支撑剂在牛顿力学中的沉降理论,进行了填砂裂缝的导流能力计算,分析了影响因素,评估了结果的可靠性。研究表明:压裂缝中砂分布是分区的,且各区域的导流能力不同;缝长和缝宽越小,砂分布越均匀,单层砂重越大,则导流能力越强;导流能力与气井产能呈正相关关系。研究结果对于优化施工参数、获取最佳导流能力、提高煤层气井产能具有重要意义。      

Permo-Carboniferous coal measures in the Qinshui basin: Lithofacies paleogeography and its control on coal accumulation

The Qinshui basin in southeastern Shanxi Province is an important base for coalbed methane exploration and production in China. The methane reservoirs in this basin are the Carboniferous and Permian coals. Their thickness is strongly controlled by the depositional environments and the paleogeography. In this paper, sedimentological research was undertaken on the outcrop and borehole sections of the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations in the Qinshui basin and the basin-wide lithofacies paleogeography maps for these two formations have been reconstructed. The Taiyuan Formation is composed of limestones, aluminous mudstones, siltstones, silty mudstones, sandstones, and mineable coal seams, with a total thickness varying from 44.9 m to 193.48 m. The coal seams have a thickness ranging between 0.10 and 16.89 m, averaging 7.19 m. During the deposition of the Taiyuan Formation, the northern part of the basin was dominated by a lower deltaic depositional system, the central and southern parts were dominated by a lagoon environment, and the southeastern corner was occupied by a carbonate platform setting. Coal is relatively thick in the northern part and the southeastern corner. The Shanxi Formation consists of sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, and coals, with the limestones being locally developed. The thickness of the Shanxi Formation is from 18.6 m to 213.25 m, with the thickness of coal seams from 0.10 to 10 m and averaging 4.2 m. During the deposition of the Shanxi Formation, the northern part of the Qinshui basin was mainly dominated by a lower deltaic plain distributary channel environment, the central and southern parts were mainly an interdistributary bay environment, and the southeastern part was occupied by a delta front mouth bar environment. The thick coals are distributed in the central and southern parts where an interdistributary bay dominates. It is evident that the thick coal zones of the Taiyuan Formation are consistent with the sandstone-rich belts, mainly located in the areas of the northern lower deltaic plain and southeastern barrier bar environments, whereas the thick coal zones of the Shanxi Formation coincide with the mudstone-rich belts, located in the areas of the central and southern interdistributary bay environments. Translated from Journal of Palaeogeography, 2006, 8(1): 43–52 [译自: 古地理学报]     

沁水盆地南部煤层气成藏的有效压力系统研究

有效压力系统是宏观动力能共同作用于煤储层而形成的压力体系,是联系煤储层地层能量与煤层气成藏的桥梁和纽带。它的主要影响因素为构造应力、地下水水头高度以及地下水矿化度。通过对沁水盆地南部有效压力系统的研究可以发现,影响煤层气藏形成和破坏的关键时期是晚侏罗世—早白垩世末,本阶段有效压力系统处于开放体系和封闭体系不断转换的状态,并因此造成煤储层孔裂隙大量形成,不仅为有效运移系统的形成奠定了基础,而且也为沁水盆地南部区域高煤级煤层气藏的可采性埋下了伏笔。