三峡库区生态屏障区土地利用规划生态效应评估

以地处三峡库区腹心地带的重庆市云阳县为例,基于土地利用多功能性,以Costanza等的生态系统服务价值测算方法及谢高地等制定的生态服务价值系数为基础,构建不同土地利用类型生态服务价值修正系数,从生态系统服务价值以及景观格局视角定量估算三峡库区生态屏障区土地利用规划生态效应。结果表明,以土地生态功能建设为导向的土地利用规划能够快速提升生态屏障区生态系统服务价值,增强屏障区调节气候、保持土壤、维护生物多样性等方面能力,云阳县三峡库区生态屏障区生态系统服务总价值从2010年的15.53亿元提升到2020年的19.98亿元,年均变化率达到2.87%;至2020年云阳县三峡库区生态屏障区初步构建一个以"林地为骨架,耕地、园地、草地为补充"的生态系统服务格局;同时,云阳县三峡库区生态屏障区生态系统服务价值及其调节服务和支持服务价值表现出显著地空间分异特征,其中磨刀溪流域生态系统服务价值提升幅度最大,澎溪河流域次之,长江沿岸生态服务系统价值保持稳定增长,而长滩河流域变化不大。     

北祁连山-河西走廊大震危险区预测

以青藏块体北部的北祁连山-河西走廊地震构造带为研究对象,在系统收集整理该区主干活动断裂新活动性特征、断裂滑动速率、历史地震及古地震资料的基础上,结合现今地震活动性,采用地震空区、空段识别方法和地震活动b值空间图像扫描方法,分析了研究区内历史地震及b值的分布特征.结果显示,该区的榆木山北缘断裂离逝时间较长,应力积累程度较...     

乌兰乌拉湖-玉树断裂东段晚第四纪滑动速率

乌兰乌拉湖-玉树断裂是巴颜喀拉地块与羌塘地块分界地带的一条重要活动断裂.该断裂东段晚第四纪以来活动强烈,断错地貌特征明显,为全新世活动的左旋逆冲断裂.利用后差分GPS对阶地与洪积扇断错地貌进行了精细测量,并结合碳十四(14C)和光释光(OSL)测年结果对地貌面年代进行限定,获得该断裂东段晚更新世晚期以来的垂直位错量为5...     

Strymon and Strymonikos Gulf basins (Northern Greece): Implications on their formation and evolution from faulting

In Central and Eastern Macedonia of Northern Greece large NW–SE trending basins filled up mainly with terrestrial sediments developed during the Neogene over the Alpine basement rocks. Among them, the Strymon basin was established along the NNW–SSE trending Strouma/Strymon Lineament which formed over the tectonic boundary of the Serbomacedonian and Rhodope massifs, both representing the hinterland of the Hellenic orogen. The present study suggests that the Strymon basin was not formed as a syn-detachment basin over the Strymon Valley Detachment Fault, considered to have caused exhumation of the Rhodope massif metamorphic complex. Instead, transpressional s.l. tectonics dominated the region in the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene and it progressively changed into a wrench tectonics under which the Strymon basin has been initiated in the Middle Miocene. The basin continued to develop further under a short-lived NW–SE extension in the Middle-Late Miocene. The whole deformation is attributed to the late-stage collisional processes between the Apulia and Eurasia plates. The prevalent NE–SW extension has been constrained later on in the Late Miocene and Pliocene times activating both low-angle and high-angle NW–SE trending faults and causing the regional tilting towards the SW of the mountain fault blocks (i.e., mountain chains). From Quaternary onwards, the Strymon basin has been separated from the Strymonikos Gulf basin due to an N–S extension that mainly activates E–W striking normal faults.     

Relocation and Genetic Analysis of Earthquakes in the West of Xietan Area of Three Gorges Reservoir

136 earthquakes,taking place in the west of Xietan area,recorded by portable stations deployed in the Three Georges reservoir area were relocated using the double difference algorithm.The relocations show that the root-mean-square deviations of the relocations in the directions of E-W,N-S and U-D are 0.38km,0.33km and 0.98km,respectively.The earthquakes in clasolite area with focal depths of about 4km～5km take on linear distributions from the shallow to deep parts.These earthquakes were deduced to be reservoir-induced earthquakes of fault fracture type.In contrast,the earthquakes in limestone pavement with the focal depths about 2km～3km take on slightly divergent distributions and have the characteristics of reservoir-induced earthquakes of the karst collapse type.     

小江断裂带地震尾波Q_c值特征研究

利用小江断裂带及邻区10个数字地震台记录到的地震波形资料,采用Aki单次散射模型,计算了各台站半径60km范围内地震尾波Qc值,分别拟合得到10个台站的尾波Qc和η值,并用10个台站的平均结果得出了小江断裂带及邻区尾波Qc值与频率的关系。结果表明,小江断裂带及邻区总体上属低值Qc区;尾波Qc值空间差异较大,小江断裂带中段为低Qc值,明显低于北段和南段的Qc值。研究了尾波Qc值在时间上的变化与中强地震的关系。     

乌鲁木齐王家沟断层组地表变形特征及强变形带宽度

王家沟断层组断错了中更新世砾石台地及王家沟东岸的Ⅲ级阶地,地貌形迹非常清晰,地表变形现象主要表现为地震断层、断层陡坎和挤压鼓包等。根据不同地貌面上跨断层测量获得的一系列实测数据,得到王家沟Ⅲ级阶地上的地表陡坎高度为0.4～1.6m,最大变形带宽度为50m左右; 中更新世台地上的陡坎高度多为1.5～5.0m,最大变形带宽度为90m左右。利用探槽开挖揭露出的断层位置与地表强变形带测量剖面的叠加对比,初步确定王家沟断层组上、下盘之间变形宽度的比例为2:1左右,并由此讨论了王家沟断层组上、下盘的 "避让带"宽度问题。     

口泉断裂中段晚第四纪以来断错地貌及滑动速率确定

通过口泉断裂1/5万地质填图,调查了口泉断裂中段(上神泉至杨家窑段)晚第四纪以来断错地貌特征.从山麓麓原面到山间沟谷河床一共可以划分出5级层状地貌面,最顶部(第5级地貌面)为山麓剥蚀面,推测为形成于新近纪的唐县期夷平面;第4级地貌面由大河间T3阶地以及山麓地带发育的同期洪积台地组合而成,形成于中更新世末、晚更新世初;第...     

沉积速率摇摆匹配法限定古地震事件日历年龄

尝试运用沉积速率摇摆匹配方法来获得淤泥质泥炭系列样品的日历年龄,并与单个<‘14>C年代、时序已知系列<‘14>C年代的日历年龄进行对比.结果表明:在采样厚度较小的情况下,沉积速率摇摆匹配方法可以获得较小的日历年龄区间,具有一定的优越性;在采样数量足够多的情况下,系列<‘14>C年代贝叶斯校正也可以获得理想的日历年龄区...     

贵州安顺长兴阶顶部三叶虫化石

三叶虫是二叠纪末生物集群灭绝中消失的生物门类之一,但是关于该门类生物化石在中国消失的确切层位未见报道。贵州安顺新民剖面大隆组顶部的三叶虫化石Pseudophillipsia sp.产于火山成因的黏土岩之炭质泥岩夹层中,相邻的泥灰岩结核中产牙形石化石Clarkina meishanensis。该黏土岩及炭质泥岩夹层可以与浙江长兴煤山D剖面的第25层对比,这说明三叶虫延续到了主灭绝事件层位,对研究二叠纪末生物集群灭绝的原因具有一定的意义。