北秦岭西段黄牛铺岩体锆石U Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

对北秦岭西段黄牛铺岩体进行了LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年代学与岩石地球化学分析。结果显示,黄牛铺岩体的锆石U Pb年龄为(4493±49) Ma,表明其形成时代为晚奥陶世。黄牛铺岩体属于准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,在成因类型上具有I型花岗岩的岩石矿物学与地球化学特征,其稀土元素配分曲线呈轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损(LREE/HREE=983~1155)、铕弱负异常(δEu=082~095)的右倾型,微量元素Rb、Th、U、Sm等富集,Ta、Nb、Ti、Hf等明显亏损,表现为岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征。结合区域地质资料,认为黄牛铺岩体形成于晚奥陶世商丹洋俯冲过程中的岛弧环境,是壳幔岩浆混合作用的产物,这为进一步研究北秦岭的构造演化过程提供了更加充分准确的岩浆活动证据。     

长白山天池火山的岩石矿物学特征——对结晶分异过程和岩浆混合作用的启示

本文对天池火山玄武岩盾,粗面质-碱流质层状锥体以及顶部的粗面质-碱流质碎屑岩类及熔岩的岩石矿物成分做了系统分析,发现在玄武岩类中的主要矿物组合为斜长石、富钙辉石以及富镁橄榄石,而粗面岩-碱流岩类的主要矿物组合为碱性长石、富铁的辉石及橄榄石,并开始出现石英、独居石以及大量的铁钛氧化物,符合结晶分异的演化趋势。同时在玄武岩类及粗面-碱流岩类中均存在不平衡矿物,再结合矿物环带的成分变化、矿物的熔蚀现象及不同特征的岩石条带等,认为天池火山在黑石沟玄武岩、第一、三造锥阶段粗面岩以及千年大喷发的浮岩中均存在岩浆混合作用。根据岩石学及年代学等特征,认为不同时期的玄武质岩浆来自同一地幔源区,经不同程度的结晶分异作用形成,前造锥阶段及造锥阶段的岩石由不同阶段的玄武岩演化而来,全新世的碱流岩类则由造锥阶段粗面岩类演化而来。     

庐山风景区功能演化的混沌特征及其启示

在构建风景区演化周期、混沌模型的基础上,对庐山风景区功能演化的混沌特征进行了实证研究。庐山风景区主要经历了古代旅游风景名胜区的探索、形成、发展、成熟期和近现代大众旅游的度假、观光、科考旅游地的探索、形成、发展期,其功能演化体现了分形、初始条件与蝴蝶效应、混沌边缘、间歇变换、同步锁模和锁定效应等混沌特征,说明风景区演化是周期和非周期的相对统一。现阶段呈现的旅游消费需求不稳定、景区城市化、行政管理体制不顺、景区发展与社区矛盾等是庐山发展的混沌要素,控制这些混沌要素,有助于促进景区健康发展。     

山地环境系统研究新框架

20世纪80年代,地球系统科学概念开始出现,同时期全球变化研究迅速展开,可持续发展理念提出并获得广泛认同,这些都为山地环境系统研究提供了新的发展契机.当前,全球山地环境系统研究面临两大问题:山地环境变化和山区发展挑战.国际上围绕山地环境系统研究,逐渐形成若干清晰的主题,包括山地构造地貌和山地气候地貌,山地灾害在山地环境演化过程中的作用,山地(及流域)环境系统生物地球化学循环,山地全球变化和人类活动的影响与适应等.对于我国山地研究来说,核心科学问题是:我国山地环境系统是如何响应不同时间尺度全球变化和日益加剧的人类活动的影响?在此背景下如何构筑我国山区可持续发展的根本战略和支撑战略?对此核心问题的全面深入研究,将有望使我国山地环境研究水平提高到一个新的更高层次,并占据国际山地研究领域中不可替代的重要位置.为此,我们提出,以我国山地环境大断面研究为抓手,以梯度格局、系统关联和区域差异等为研究切入点,在山地环境系统的格局、干扰、过程、响应和适应研究等方面有所突破,促成我国山地环境系统研究新框架的形成,为世界山地研究做出我们应有的贡献.     

新疆西天山乌孙山地区石英正长斑岩形成时代及其地质意义

新疆西天山乌孙山地区科库萨依系列石英正长斑岩呈岩瘤状、岩脉状产出,侵入于早石炭世大哈拉军山组地层中。其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为314.4±3.7 Ma（MSWD=0.51）,属石炭世晚期,为本区岩浆活动及构造环境探讨提供年代学依据。     

Late Quaternary Activity and Paleoearthquakes along the Nanyukou Segment of the Northern Piedmont Fault of Wutai Mountain

The northern piedmont fault of Wutai Mountain is located at the north of the Shanxi Graben system,which is the dominating fault of the south boundary of the Fanshi-Daixian depression. This paper discusses the fault activity and paleoearthquakes around the Nanyukou segment of the northern piedmont fault of Wutai Mountain during the late Quaternary through field investigation along the fault,measuring geomorphic deformation and excavating trenches at some important sites. From Nanyukou to the southwest of Shanhui,we find obviously dislocated alluvial fans,with strong neotectonic movement at these sites. Since nearly 20ka,the vertical average slip rate is 1. 55mm /a to 2. 0mm /a. However,since nearly 6ka,it has reached as high as 2. 3mm /a,which is twice that on other segments. 2 trenches were excavated around Nanyukou with 6 events discovered. The referenced ages of the events are before 7600a,6700a ～ 7600a,5321a ～ 5575a,4400a ～ 5400a,4200a ～ 4400a and after 1600a B. P. with approximate recurrence interval 1400a. The latest event is likely to be the earthquake occurring at 512 A. D. ,so it is necessary to do further work to verify this in the future.     

Pattern and timing of late Cenozoic rapid exhumation and uplift of the Helan Mountain,China

The Helan Mountain, an intraplate deformation belt in the North China Craton, is located in the northern portion of the China North-South seismic belt, and at the northwestern margin of the Ordos Block. The Cenozoic deformation history of the Helan Mountain is characterized by extension along the eastern Helan Mountain fault (EHSF), resulting in the exhumation and uplift of the Helan Mountain, relative to the rifting of the adjacent Yinchuan Basin. Here we present new apatite fission track (AFT) data from several transects adjacent to the EHSF in the central and northern Helan Mountain. AFT ages from the northern Helan Mountain (Dawukou and Zhengyiguan transects) range from 10 Ma to 89 Ma, whereas AFT ages from the southern Helan Mountain (Suyukou transect) are greater than 71 Ma. The AFT data analysis reveals initiation of rapid uplift and exhumation of the Helan Mountain at 10–12 Ma. Additionally, a plot of the AFT ages versus their mean track length shows a distinctive "boomerang" pattern indicating that the Helan Mountain experienced a discrete phase of accelerated exhumation beginning at 10-12 Ma. Spatially, AFT samples systematically increase in age away from the EHSF and are consistent with late Cenozoic exhumation that was slow in the southwestern Helan Mountain and rapid in the northeastern Helan Mountain, as well more rapid adjacent to the EHSF and slower away from the EHSF. Obviously, the spatial distribution of late Cenozoic exhumation indicates that normal faulting of the EHSF is related to southwestward tilting and rapid exhumation of the Helan Mountain beginning at 10–12 Ma. The uplift and exhumation of the Helan Mountain was a response to the intensive extension of the northwestern margin of the Ordos Block in the late Cenozoic; this occurred under a regional extensional stress field oriented NW-SE along the Yinchuan-Jilantai-Hetao and the Weihe-Shanxi graben systems adjacent to the Ordos Block.     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震孕育演化的阶段性初步研究

按时间的顺序,将2001年昆仑山口西8．1级地震前的地球物理场转折、中强地震图像演化、周缘动力环境变化、震时的同震变化、震后的地震活动响应与前兆场的调整、5级以上地震的持续平静等过程衔接起来,划分出了该次巨大地震震前、震时、震后的5个不同演化阶段。     

甘肃祁连山主动源重复探测项目建设及震源重复性分析

甘肃祁连山主动源重复探测激发源位于甘肃省张掖市祁连山西流水水库,2015年7月9日各系统开始正式运行,11月10日完成了为期40天的连续激发实验。观测资料处理结果表明,气枪震源具有良好的一致性和可重复性,整个观测系统能比较清晰地记录到震源激发的信号。祁连山主动源项目建设取得的结果可为主动源探测工作提供宝贵经验和科学借鉴,不断取得的观测数据为跟踪了解祁连山地区的深部结构时空变化提供了可能。     

基于DEM的内蒙古狼山地貌参数提取及其构造抬升的差异性分析

基于30 m分辨率DEM数据, 利用ArcGIS10.0对内蒙古狼山东南坡河流流域地貌参数进行提取, 精确计算了其中15条规模较大的北西—南东向河流的面积-高程积分值(HI), 并据此对河流发育阶段以及构造运动进行分析。研究结果显示有8条河流的HI值处于0.3~0.6之间, 属于河流发展的壮年阶段; 7条河流的HI值大于0.6, 为幼年期, 未出现老年期河流。狼山西南部河流河谷V1—V14的HI值变化平缓, 波动幅度不大, 构造运动呈现出先增强后减弱的态势; 中北部河流V14—V22的HI值变化较剧烈, 尤其是V14—V19, 呈明显上升趋势, 河流受侵蚀后残存体积增多, 构造运动活跃性下降; V19以北HI值持续下降, 其构造运动的活跃性增加。由此认为狼山从西南到东北总体呈现增强—减弱—增强的差异性运动状态, 该结论与前人所做山前构造地貌研究结果较为一致。