Seasonal variation in temperature and salinity in the Gautami-Godavari estuary

Variation of temperature and salinity in the lower 22 km stretch of the Gautami-Godavari estuary are reported during four different seasons; hot-weather, south-west monsoon, post-monsoon and winter seasons. The seasonal variation in temperature is small, with a high of about 30°C during hot-weather season and a low of about 26°C during winter season. Unlike temperatures, the salinities in the estuary show large seasonal fluctuations. During south-west monsoon surface salinities were low (0 to 8‰) due to high fresh water run off into the estuary. During hot-weather season surface salinities of 25 to 30‰ were observed due to negligible fresh water run off.     

Copepod assemblages in a highly dynamic equatorial estuary on the Brazilian Amazon Coast

This study describes the spatial and temporal dynamics of the copepod fauna in the estuary of the Caeté River, a highly dynamic environment characterized by a unique set of hydrological and hydrodynamic attributes. This ecosystem is part of the Amazon Coastal Zone (ACZ), which sustains one of the world's largest continuous tracts of mangrove forest. In the present study, a predominance of high‐energy conditions characterized by macrotides and strong tidal currents was observed throughout the year. Salinity (0.03 ± 0.05–40.00 ± 0.84) and temperatures (26.43 ± 0.10–30.08 ± 0.43 °C) were higher than during the rainy season at all sampling stations. The highest chl‐a concentration (3.92 ± 1.47–17.63 ± 2.60 mg·m^?3) was recorded at the most oligohaline (innermost) station during the rainy season, while no spatial or seasonal pattern was found in dissolved nutrient concentrations, except for phosphates, which exhibited the highest concentrations during the dry season. A total of 22 copepod taxa was identified, of which the most abundant were Oithona hebes, Oithona oswaldocruzi, Acartia tonsa, Paracalanus quasimodo, Euterpina acutifrons and Pseudodiaptomus marshi. Copepodites and nauplii were also recorded. Mean total copepod abundance varied from 710.73 ± 897 individuals (ind.)·m^?3 at the inner station to 236,486 ± 398,360 ind.·m^?3 near the mouth of the estuary (outermost station). The results reflected rainfall‐influenced oscillations in hydrological variables, mainly salinity, which determined shifts in the distribution of copepods and their community structure within the study area. This pattern may be typical of estuaries in the ACZ with similar hydrodynamic and hydrological attributes that are not influenced by the Amazon River plume.     

Prediction of salinity intrusion in the sheltered estuary of Terengganu River in Malaysia using 1-D empirical intrusion model

Generally one dimensional(1-D) empirical salinity intrusion model is limited to natural alluvial estuary. However,this study attempts to investigate its ability to model a sheltered alluvial estuary of the Terengganu River in Malaysia. The constructed breakwater at the mouth of the river shelters the estuary from direct influence of the open sea. The salinity density along the estuary was collected during the wet and dry seasons for scenarios before and after the constructed breakwater. Moreover, the freshwater discharges, tidal elevations and bathymetry data were also measured as model inputs. A good fit was demonstrated between simulated and observed variables,namely salinity distribution and intrusion length for both scenarios. Thus, the results show that 1-D empirical salinity model can be utilized for sheltered estuarine condition at the Terengganu Estuary, but with an appropriate determination of an initial point. Furthermore, it was observed that the salinity intrusion in the study area is largely dependent on the freshwater discharge rather than tidal elevation fluctuations. The scale of the salinity intrusion length in the study area is proportional to the river discharge of the –1/2 power. It was appeared that the two lines of the 1-D empirical salinity model and discharge power based equation fitted well to each other, with the average predicted minimum freshwater discharge of 150 m3/s is going to be required to maintain acceptable salinity levels during high water slack(HWS) near the water intake station, which is located at 10.63 km from river mouth.     

强潮河口桥墩涌潮压力试验研究

为明确强潮河口设计条件下涌潮压力特征,以嘉绍大桥工程为背景进行了涌潮压力的动态测试和分析。选取主墩围堰和施工栈桥进行现场观测,分析了涌潮压力分布及其变化的特点。利用经验模态分解法,研究了涌潮压力的时均和脉动特性,建立了涌潮压力及其脉动分量极值与涌潮高度的拟合关系。研究结果表明:涌潮压力变化脉动性强,经验模态分解法能较好地处理这种非平稳时变信号;时均分量反映了局部水位的平均变化趋势,脉动分量反映了涌潮与结构物相互作用时自由水面的紊动情况;从垂向分布上看,压力极值在潮前低水位附近最大,并随着传感器安装高程的增加而减小;从平面分布上看,主墩围堰的迎潮面压力极值最大,背潮面最小;涌潮压力及其脉动分量的极值与涌潮高度满足指数分布规律。     

钱塘江涌潮流速研究

涌潮流速是涌潮的重要特征,一直深受涌潮研究者的关注。21世纪以来,随着声学剖面流速仪的使用,涌潮流速观测有了突破性的进展。本文收集了2003年以来9次钱塘江涌潮流速观测资料,结合理论分析和数值模型计算成果,分析了影响涌潮流速的因素、涌潮流速时空分布规律。结果表明:影响涌潮流速的微观因素主要有涌潮高度和陡度、潮前流速和潮前水深、风速风向等;在涌潮河段,最大流速即为最大涌潮流速,与当地潮差呈良好的正相关关系;在弯道段,涌潮流速在弯道凸岸大于凹岸;涌潮到达后流速从落潮迅速转化为涨潮,没有明显的憇流现象,且涨潮流速过程存在多峰现象;涌潮垂向流速基本上比纵向流速小1个量级,在涌潮时段垂向流速相对较大。     

加拿大阿萨巴斯卡Kinosis区域下白垩统McMurray组内河口湾复合点坝砂体构型解剖*

河口湾可分为宽阔的外河口湾和较窄的内河口湾。内河口湾水动力条件表现为潮汐影响、河流主控的特征,主要发育点坝或者线状砂坝。加拿大阿萨巴斯卡Kinosis地区发育大量潮汐作用影响的复合点坝沉积,复合点坝内部构型研究直接影响油田的开发效果。基于该区测井及高品质三维地震(频带8~220 Hz,主频90 Hz)等资料,提出1套以解决油田开发问题为核心,基于以“轴变定界、样式定型、井点定面”为原则的内河口湾复合点坝砂体构型解剖方法,研究对象为达到地震可分辨尺度的“复合砂体”。通过岩心和地震相特征分析,刻画了不同级次构型单元内部沉积特征。利用倾角测井等资料,分析了侧积体和侧积层的规模及产状,实现了点坝内部构型解剖。结果表明,内河口湾点坝沉积发育倾斜非均质层(IHS)、生物扰动、泥砾等指示潮汐作用的沉积现象;侧积体倾斜角度为8°~12°,单一侧积体宽度为55~200m。通过复合砂体构型解剖,明确了构型单元内部隔夹层和层内水层的分布与构型单元的组合有直接关系,提出了针对单一河道单元部署井网的策略。     

福建省诏安宫口湾综合治理与渔港规划

提出了一种结合渔港建设进行宫口湾综合治理的新方案,既能防止淤积,保持口门通畅,兼顾防洪和湾内养殖水交换要求,又能确保渔船安全躲避风浪和洪流冲击。设计中采用了获得国家发明专利的新型透空堤,能兼顾消浪和过水两方面要求。     

长江口大型工程对河口生境破碎化影响的初步研究

通过对工程海域26个站位的调查采样,研究分析了长江口深水航道治理一期工程对河口生境破碎化的影响。结果表明,工程已对长江河口区局部海域水体和底栖生境破碎化产生了明显影响,而对工程海域小尺度海洋水团、底栖生境和渔业资源生境的破碎化影响最大,造成局部小尺度海洋水团改变,部分渔业资源种类洄游通道、产卵场、肥育场、渔场生境破碎化。建议建立长江口生态特别保护区,加强对河口大型工程综合影响研究与生态修复,加强河口生态系统管理与执法力度,为长江口沿岸城市社会经济的可持续健康发展提供良好的海洋生态环境基础。     

长江口甲藻孢囊的初步研究

休眠孢囊在甲藻生活史中扮演着重要的角色 ,它们可以在沉积物中保留很长一段时间 ,因此能够提供水体中浮游植物多样性的综合记录。作者选择了长江口孢囊种类最多的一个站位 ( 1 2 2° 30 .64′E ,2 9° 0 .0 1′N) ,在 2 0 0 2年 1 1月、2 0 0 3年 2月和 5月采集了 3次样品 ,首次通过萌发试验对长江口沉积物中的甲藻孢囊进行了研究 ,根据孢囊和藻类的形态学特征鉴定了其中的 2 8种。这 2 8种孢囊均出现在 2 0 0 2年 1 1月的样品中 ,2 0 0 3年 2月和 5月的样品中分别发现了 5种和 1 7种。 9种甲藻孢囊在中国沿海首次被记录 ,它们是Alexandriumsp .,Scrippsiellaramonii,S .sp .1 ,Protoperidiniumsp .1 ,P .sp .2 ,P .sp .3,Diplopsalopsisorbicu laris,Diplopsalislebourae,Gyrodiniumsp .,并发现了A .tamarense,A .catenella和Lingulo diniumpolyedra等 3种有毒甲藻的孢囊。Protoperidiniumspp .中除了P .americanum萌发孔都是六角形的 ,而作者记录的P .sp .3萌发孔是裂开状 ,是一个特殊的现象。S .trochoidea和A .tamarense是研究站位的优势种 ,在 2 0 0 2年 1 1月的样品中分别占到 2 9.5 %和 1 1 .4%。长江口A .tamarense孢囊的丰度由于萌发可能被低估。孢囊的密度与其它海区相比较大 ,部分反映了该     

Numerical Tidal Current Modeling Using Fine Boundary Fitted Grids for Tidal Flats

Fine grids with small spacing in boundary-fitted coordinates are normally used to treat thecomputation of fluid dynamics for estuarine areas and tidal flats.However,the adoption of Cartesian com-ponents of velocity vectors in this kind of non-orthogonal coordinates will definitely result in a diffculty insolving implicitly the transformed momentum equations,and also complicate the wet-dry point judgementused for flood areas.To solve this problem,equations in terms of generalized contravariant velocityvectors in curvilinear coordinates are derived in the present study,by virtue of which,anAlternative-Direction-Implicit numerical scheme in non-orthogonal grids would then be easily obtained,and wet-dry point judgement would as well be largely simplified.A comparison is made between the explic-it scheme and implicit scheme,showing that the present model is accurate and numerically stable for com-putations of fluid dynamics for estuarine areas and tidal flats.