Temporal and spatial evolution of surface sediments characteristics in the Dagu River estuary and their dynamic response mechanism

Based on the 39 surface sediment samples collected in the flood season and the dry season in 2012 respectively and the measured hydrological data in October 2012, the sediment grain size characteristics has been analyzed and the response mechanism of surface sediments to estuarine hydrodynamics was revealed by calculating the range of waves and tidal currents. The results show that: (1) The grain size of the surface sediment samples decreased gradually from land to sea in the flood season. The fine sediment was redistributed under marine hydrodynamics in the dry season and the sediments showed coarser tendency ingeneral; (2) tidal current stirring sediment was very obvious in Dagu River estuary area, and wave stirring sediments mainly occurred in the tidal flat area and estuary sand bar area; (3) in the flood season, surface sediment sat the estuary were transported towards south and southeast. In the dry season, surface sediments were transported towards southwest at the north area of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, and sediments were transported towards northeast area at the south of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge.     

杭州湾北岸河口演变及建港条件分析

从海岸的历史变迁出发,阐述了杭州湾北岸的成因,对沿岸的潮流作用和地貌发育、泥沙运移以及河口演变趋势进行了统计和分析,并对建港条件作了初步分析。     

黄河口近岸海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成及群落结构特征

为了解调水调沙期间黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构的动态变化,作者分别于2011年和2018年黄河调水调沙期间（6月—7月）,利用大型浮游生物网对该海域的鱼卵、仔稚鱼进行表层水平拖网调查。结果表明：2011年3个航次共采集鱼卵1 280粒,仔稚鱼5 973尾,隶属于7目11科13属;2018年3个航次共采集鱼卵4 104粒,仔稚鱼237尾,隶属于7目11科13属。优势种以斑鰶（Konosirus punctatus）、鳀（Engraulis japonicus）和赤鼻棱鳀（Thryssa kammalensis）等短生命周期、低营养层级的小型中上层鱼类为主。靠近黄河入海口处站位的鱼卵、仔稚鱼密度相对较高,鱼卵、仔稚鱼分布范围向黄河入海口门处集中。鱼卵、仔稚鱼的多样性指数在调水调沙过程中出现波动,过后又恢复至调水调沙前水平。环境因子Pearson相关性分析表明,鱼卵数量与环境因子间无显著相关性（P0.05）,仔稚鱼数量与叶绿素a的含量呈极显著正相关（R=0.870,P<0.01）。两个年度调查结果对比发现,总体来说调查期间黄河口及邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类数变化不大,在适温类型组成上均以暖温种为主;2018年鱼卵、仔稚鱼采集数量均小于2011年,但是鱼卵、仔稚鱼的均匀度指数（J’）和多样性指数（H’）均大于2011年,除6月上旬航次外,其他两个航次丰富度指数（D）也均大于2011年。本研究补充了黄河口及邻近海域鱼类早期补充资源的基础数据,旨为黄河口邻近海域及渤海的渔业资源评估和养护提供依据。     

近百年来长江口启东嘴潮滩沉积物质来源及定量估算

河流入海输沙是海岸稳定的重要物质基础。启东嘴潮滩位于长江北支口门,与江苏海岸线交汇,陆海相互作用强烈。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定了岩芯沉积物QDZ-1的地球化学元素。根据地球化学元素的分布特征和富集系数,分析了物源指示意义,表明启东嘴潮滩沉积物受到长江物质和南黄海物质的共同影响。基于地球化学元素的沉积物端元定量判识方法,对不同物质来源的贡献率进行了定量估算。在1930年前启东嘴潮滩沉积物主要来自长江的入海输沙,贡献率为68.1%,随着长江北支河槽的衰退,贡献率逐渐减少,在1930-1972年间为38.5%,到1972年后减少到17.5%。苏北沿岸流携带向南输运的南黄海物质,贡献率逐渐增加,在1930年前为27.1%,在1930-1972年间为55.6%,到1972年后增加到75.9%,成为启东嘴潮滩主要物质来源。沉积物来源的阶段性变化,在时间上与北支水动力的阶段性变化基本吻合。     

海岸沙丘沙运动特征若干问题的研究——以闽江口南岸为例

在海岸带,沙粒粒径和水分含量是决定沙粒起动风速的最主要因素。闽江口南岸海滩沙的平均粒径为2.0Φ,水分含量多在0.3%~1.0%之间。运用Johnson的经验公式,可计算出海滩沙的起动风速为6~7m/s。这一结果与实际观测值十分吻合。由于海岸环境因素的影响,使得同等条件下海岸带沙粒的起动风速明显大于内陆沙漠沙,而风沙流的输沙率明显小于内陆沙漠沙。海岸带是风速剧变带,在引用陆地气象台站的风速记录分析海岸风况和研究风沙运动规律时,必须对风速进行订正。     

鸭绿江口溶解有机碳的研究

１９９６年５月采样测定鸭绿江口溶解有机碳（ＤＯＣ）的含量,得出分布变化特征,并同其它一些河口的溶解有机碳进行了比较。鸭绿江口表层水溶解有机碳的平均含量为２０８μｍｏｌＣ／Ｌ。在盐度大于１．６的河口区,溶解有机碳的分布主要受海水稀释作用控制;在盐度０～１．６的区域溶解有机碳的浓度随盐度的增加而明显增加。在最大混浊带,ＤＯＣ的浓度最高,表明有颗粒有机碳转化为溶解有机碳。丹东市以上流段,河水中溶解有机碳的含量相对较低,说明由丹东市引入的工业及生活污水对鸭绿江水体中溶解有机碳的含量有一定的影响。     

长期稳定河口流路方案评价

分析了长期稳定黄河河口流路的必要性及可行性,阐明了长期稳定流路的思路,对比评价了几条方案,提出了流路安排建议。     

Geochemical Changes in Metal and Nutrient Loading at Orplands Farm Managed Retreat Site, Essex, UK (April 1995–1997)

Salt marshes have recently been considered to be a major part of the coastal system and have played a key role in the development of the UK coastal management strategy. Managed Retreat (MR) is a process aimed to restore salt marshes by realignment of the seawalls allowing tidal inundation of low value agricultural land. The resultant marshes are expected to function both as an integral part of the flood defence system and as an ecological conservation area. We report on the effects of salt marsh restoration on metal and nutrient loading of the sediment at the Orplands Farm MR site, Essex, UK. Surficial grab and sediment cores were collected from the two fields that comprise the site. The heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Ni and Zn were analysed to determine changes in anthropogenic inputs to sediments. The major ions, Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Na were also monitored to identify changes in sediment geochemistry. Analysis of the cored sediments after inundation for Na and Sr demonstrated that penetration of estuarine water had, within 2 yr of exposure, reached an average depth of 20 cm. The study observed that input of heavy metals had occurred to the sediments with the most significant being that of Pb, however increases were also observed for Cr and Cu. However, concentrations of Cd in the MR sediments decreased from 1995 to 1997. For the major metals within both fields it was found that the dominant changes were those of enrichment of marine associated metals, Ca, K, Mg and Na via inputs from tidal inundation. The concentration of Ca in the sediments was further enriched by the deposition of carbonates to the sediments. One field demonstrated a significant loss of Fe from sediments which corresponded to changes in redox potential of the sediments. Differences observed in geochemical profiles between the two fields of the site were attributed to differences in land use prior to flooding.     

The restricted buffer capacity of a south Baltic estuary — The oder estuary

In the river Oder high-waters of the river with high nutrient loads and low biological activity mainly occur during winter. Thus, a remarkable portion of the annual load passes the estuary untransformed. During summer high level of biological activity is observed in the whole estuary, but while more than 10 mol/l dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) is found in the Großes Haff, where the theoretical water-residence time is only 1 month, in the western part of the estuary, where the water-residence time is approximately 3 months, all DIN is transformed into organic matter.The transformed nutrients settle partly as biological products, but they are released again in these shallow waters due to biological and physical degradation, and transported into the Baltic Sea.This behaviour may explain why in the sediments of the Oderhaff with a sedimentation rate of 1 mm/year only 1% of the annual nutrient load of the Oder river can be found.     

海洋中硼的研究

硼是海水中的常量元素,也是自然水体中重要的生物、地质、化学元素。海洋中的硼含量、Ｂ／Ｃｌ 比常用于指示水团,研究大洋环流。海洋粘土中的硼含量作为古盐度的指标。硼也对海洋浮游生物的生长起重要的作用。本文综述了海洋中硼的研究,讨论了海洋中硼的迁移。