Sedimentary characteristics and tectonic setting of sublacustrine fans in a half-graben rift depression,Beibuwan Basin,South China Sea

Drilling has shown that there is a large petroleum reserve in the Liushagang Formation of the Fushan Depression, South China Sea from reservoirs of the sublacustrine fans. To reduce the risk associated with exploration, the sedimentary characteristics of the sublacustrine fans should be identified and described. Analysis of the drilling cores, well data and 3D seismic data was conducted to identify and interpret the sublacustrine fans which formed in a lacustrine succession as the low-stand fan of the 2nd member of Liushagang Formation (SQEls2). The reservoirs were commonly associated with pebbly conglomerates, mudstone shivers, muddy debris, various deformation structures including micro-faults, liquified deformation structure, ball and pillow structure, slump and stress-release deformation. Further contrastive analysis of sedimentary characteristics and palaeogeomorphology between the western and eastern sublacustrine fans indicates that they belong to two different types of sublacustrine system in continental basins. More specifically, the western fan, controlled by the multi-level step-fault belt, is a typical gravel-rich sublacustrine system which is characterised by structurally controlled, high gradient (2.8–3.3°), admixtures of muddy debris and pebbly conglomerates and poor reservoir quality, while the eastern fan, controlled by the flexure slope-break belt, is a sand-rich sublacustrine system dominated by relatively low gradient (2.0–2.5°), general fining-upwards trend with good reservoir quality. Therefore, the development of future exploration should be conducted at different levels in the Fushan Depression.     

深层富钾卤水的地球物理探测技术及应用——以江陵凹陷为例

上世纪在江陵凹陷的石油钻孔中发现了深层富钾卤水矿层,但是卤水矿层的空间展布一直不清。借用油气勘探领域中地球物理储层预测方法和理论,利用钻孔对矿层的垂向高分辨率的识别,标定到三维地震剖面上,利用多种地震属性横向高分辨率识别卤水矿层,预测矿层的空间分布,为靶区钻孔的部署提供依据。文章利用已经发现富钾卤水矿层的路9井的资料,开展模型正演,发现地震中振幅、频率、波形等属性可以较好地识别卤水矿层;将路9井的卤水矿层标定到地震剖面上,通过提取地震属性,识别出的富钾卤水矿层平面面积达5.53 km2;在该富钾卤水区中部署的岗钾1井,钻探获得高产富钾卤水矿层,验证了地球物理探测深层富钾卤水方法的正确性。     

辽河坳陷东、西部凹陷构造活动差异性对火山岩油气成藏的控制作用

辽河坳陷东部凹陷与西部凹陷有相似的地质背景,但东部凹陷火山岩油气却明显富于西部凹陷;通过对两个凹陷的构造演化史进行研究,明确了西部凹陷与东部凹陷的构造演化差异性及其对火山岩油气藏形成条件的控制作用,结果表明:(1)辽河坳陷东部凹陷与西部凹陷构造活动差异性明显,西部凹陷裂陷期早于东部凹陷,沙四沉积后构造活动中心逐渐由西部凹陷迁移到了东部凹陷,东部凹陷断层的规模和活动性整体大于西部凹陷;(2)构造活动的差异性决定了东、西部凹陷成藏条件的差异性,东部凹陷油气输导体系(主指断裂)较西部凹陷更利于油气的运移;东部凹陷火山岩储层物性优于西部凹陷;东部凹陷火山岩的产状以及与烃源岩的接触关系较西部凹陷更便于油气的储集。     

Formation Mechanism of Potash Deposits in the Kuqa Depression and their Prediction

正The Kuqa depression in Tarim basin is abundant with petroleum exploration data,and a large number of drill cuttings data are available by drilling.A full use of these data to conduct secondary development is the most     

塔西南坳陷中新生代蒸发岩沉积初探

通过资料搜集、蒸发岩野外露头地质调查、石盐岩沉积特征分析及盐类矿物学研究,对塔里木盆地塔西南坳陷中新生代蒸发岩的分布、层位、盐类矿物组合、成因进行了初步探讨。塔西南坳陷石盐岩沉积呈透镜体状,主要沿西昆仑山前分布,常含有褐红色、灰绿色泥砾,泥砾岩性与吐依洛克组下段岩性一致,推测应为吐依洛克组沉积晚期海退期成盐,其层位应归属于吐依洛克组上段。石盐岩透镜体在横向分布上不连续,反映了当时塔西南坳陷内部可能存在多个古盐湖次级凹地,其在干旱气候条件下经浓缩蒸发成盐。蒸发岩矿物除石盐、石膏外,还见有杂卤石、钙芒硝等,其中杂卤石可能为后期富钾卤水交代原生石膏的产物,而乌泊1井石盐表面大量的次生钙芒硝可能为盐湖后期石盐析出阶段含钙地下水缓慢持续补给盐湖的产物。     

陆架边缘三角洲研究进展及实例分析

自上世纪90年代以来,发育在大陆架边缘的一种特殊类型的三角洲（shelf-edge delta）,因其厚度大,分布面积广,储层物性好,常常与陆坡深水扇体伴生,成藏条件好等特点而引起了广泛关注,成为当前国际沉积学界研究的热点和油气勘探新领域。陆架边缘三角洲一般形成于相对海平面下降或低位时期,主要受控于物源供给、可容纳空间和气候变化,并受到陆坡构造活动影响;也可发育在高位时期,受到波浪与潮汐的影响。前人提出了利用陆架边缘迁移轨迹预测深水沉积和基于陆架斜坡发育模式预测深水沉积的模型,即强烈抬升的陆架边缘迁移轨迹、强烈加积的陆架斜坡发育模式,对应的深水区物质传输体系为泥质;水平—轻微下降的陆架边缘迁移轨迹、强烈前积的陆架斜坡发育模式,预示着大量砂体被搬运至深水区;轻微抬升的陆架边缘迁移轨迹、加积与前积的陆架斜坡发育模式,暗示深水沉积砂体发育介于上述二者陆架边缘迁移与深水扇预测模式之间。陆架边缘三角洲—深水扇规模砂体毗邻优质烃源岩,具备多种类型的油气运移通道,成藏条件良好,是油气勘探的有利领域。实例分析表明:渐新世珠海组沉积时期构造相对稳定,在古珠江充足的供源条件下,南海北坡珠江口盆地鹤山凹陷发育陆架边缘三角洲并伴随陆架不断向海迁移而不断进积,S型前积体不断向海迁移,并在晚期发育下切谷及大型盆底扇沉积。鹤山凹陷珠海组沉积时期发育水平—轻微下降的陆架边缘迁移轨迹,对应于强烈前积的陆架斜坡发育模式,在珠海组沉积晚期发育较大规模叠合连片深水扇富砂沉积体系,是研究区极好的潜在油气勘探目标。     

鹿乡断陷C区块双阳组测井岩性识别及储层有效厚度的确定

针对伊通盆地鹿乡断陷五星构造带油藏,提出一种适用于本区块的测井岩性识别模式及确定储层有效厚度的方法。利用包括自然伽马(吉林伽马)、普通电阻率、声波时差和自然电位曲线的综合分析,通过绘制各类曲线交会图,确定各类岩性的有效指标范围,确认出本区可识别的6种岩石类型即泥岩、粉砂岩、细砂岩、中砂岩、粗砂岩和砂砾岩。在测井解释近似的情况下,提出反推排除法,结合区域整体沉积相带分布规律和相邻井之间的测井曲线相互关系,区分细砂岩与含砾砂岩。在测井解释的基础上进行储层有效厚度研究,建立孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度模型,总结出岩性下限标准、物性下限标准、电性下限标准,利用建立的模型及解释图版,对本区块的39口井进行油水层校正,编制单砂层有效厚度图和单砂层岩性-微相图。     

Structural patterns of the late Mesozoic crustal detachment system in the Raoyang Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,eastern China: New insights from 3D seismic data

Understanding the late Mesozoic tectonic origin and structural patterns of the Bohai Bay Basin (BBB) is of growing importance for its buried-hill petroleum exploration. This study revealed, based on 3D seismic and borehole data, that the Raoyang Sag in the Jizhong Depression, western BBB, was dominated by a crustal detachment system during the late Jurassic to the early Cretaceous. It was characterized by the WNW-dipping low-angle detachment fault F₀ (namely Cangxi Fault), the structural dome cored by Archean Basement rocks at the footwall and supradetachment basins on the hanging wall. We suggested the late Mesozoic volcanic materials and coarse deposits accumulated in the supradetachment basins had locally diminished the petroleum prospect, but the syndetachment deformation and denudation had contributed to it by means of promoting petroleum migration from source rocks to reservoirs and improving porosity and permeability of the reservoir rocks by karstification and structural fracturing.     

黄骅坳陷中区新生代断裂系统及其成因分析

断裂是黄骅坳陷新生代主要构造变形类型,对该区油气成藏有重要影响。本文将黄骅坳陷中区的断裂划分为6个系统,并综合分析了它们之间的关系。每一断裂系统至少有一条主干基底断层,发育在该断层上、下盘的次级断层以不同形式与主干基底断层组合在一起,其剖面上的构造样式和平面上的构造组合显示了该断裂系统在新生代的运动学特征。在系统分析黄骅坳陷中区新生代断裂系统的断层组合、构造样式、主干断层位移方式及生长史的基础上,结合区域构造背景、伸展边界条件及断层间的相互作用,探讨了该区断裂系统的形成机制。分析结果表明:区域构造背景下存在的伸展边界控制了整个黄骅坳陷中区新生代断裂系统总的构造格局,系统中主要断层走向与伸展边界近于平行。这进一步证实了区内右旋走滑作用与伸展作用的相互耦合,致使断层沿走滑构造带出现转向或中断。各断裂系统之间及系统内部断层间的运动学关系表明黄骅坳陷古近纪受两个构造动力控制,一是地幔热作用引起岩石圈北西—南东向引张作用,二是北北东向深断裂带的右旋剪切作用。     

与温度全相关的有效骨架压力模型及其在库车坳陷的应用

鉴于世界上极大多数盆地模拟系统的超压史尚未达到实用水平,本文基于力平衡方程、质量守恒法则及达西定律,完整地推导出了与温度全相关的有效骨架压力史的数学模型,使之适用于盆地模拟。通过塔里木盆地库车坳陷的实际模拟,尤其是克拉2井和依南2井超压史的现今值接近于实测数据,即平均相对误差绝对值分别约为3%和5%,证明该有效骨架压力模型具有较高的精度,既能使超压数值模拟避免通过岩石力学实验来测试有效骨架压力,又能达到实用水平。库车坳陷的实例指出:1)在有效骨架压力计算中所用的孔隙流体的密度和黏度与温度相关是必要的,否则超压计算结果会远离实测压力数据。这也恰好与盆地模拟中这两个参数原本与温度相关一致了;2)影响超压的最敏感参数是渗透率,将实测压力数据作为约束条件,在容许的范围内对Kozeny-Carman渗透率公式中的Sa(骨架的颗粒比面)进行校准,这是获得正确的超压史之关键;3)剥蚀事件对地史、热史乃至超压史的模拟结果的影响。