东营凹陷牛庄地区沙三段层序地层分析

山东济阳坳陷东营凹陷牛庄地区沙三段层序地层分析是在三级层序划分的基础上,通过对沉积体系发育特征和气候旋回单元的识别和解剖,建立了高精度层序地层单元的基本构型。气候旋回包含了从干旱枯水期到潮湿湖泛期的完整过程,沉积响应为受湖平面变化、沉积物供给等因素控制的多种方式叠置的湖底扇和前积体等,多期气候旋回叠合构成了湖泊层序的基本面貌。通过气候旋回的识别,可以对不同级别层序间的包含关系,以及高精度层序的内部构成进行分析和讨论。     

Distribution Patterns of Calcite Cement in the Turbidite Sandstones of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression, Eastern China

Calcite cements are volumetrically dominant among the most diagenetic constituents in turbidite sandstones of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression. The results show carbonate cements mainly occur in three phases: Calcite I (pre-compaction), Calcite II (post-compaction) and ankerite in the turbidite sandstone. The isotopic composition of Calcite I and Calcite II range from ?4.3‰ to 4.4‰, ?3.5‰ to 4.3‰ PDB, respectively, suggesting that the calcite cements are mainly derived from the interbedded shales. The early calcite cement precipitated from the mixing of lacustrine and meteoric waters at 38–69°C. The late-phase calcite precipitated from pore waters modified by water-rock interactions at 64–126°C. Two distribution patterns of calcite cements can be identified, depending on their position within the sandstone. The peripheral cementation of the sandstones is near the sand-shale contact. The development of cement is controlled by sandstone thickness and the properties of the interbedded shale. For scattered cementation, the distribution of the calcite cement is not controlled by the sand-shale contact. Calcite cement was preferentially distributed in coarse-grained sandstones, indicating that sandstones with high original permeability are the preferred pathway for the migration of early diagenetic fluids.     

含富锂(钾)卤水断陷盆地的深部构造特征: 以中国华南吉泰盆地为例

中国华南吉泰盆地在白垩纪?古近纪发育大量蒸发岩,其中含富锂卤水矿床,由于盆地深部构造特征认识不清,导致富锂卤水矿勘查评价明显滞后.基于盆地东北部泰和坳陷二维地震数据和钻孔资料,经过精细保幅处理和综合构造解释,总结了含富锂卤水矿断陷盆地的深部构造特征.地震剖面和构造属性表明,盆地深部发育错断白垩系的NE-SW走向、NW倾...     

辽河西部凹陷曙北地区沙四段薄砂层成因类型及分布规律

为了明确辽河西部凹陷曙北地区沙河街组四段薄砂层成因类型及分布规律,从岩心、测井响应和地震反射特征等方面总结了各类成因薄砂层的识别标志,并预测了各砂层组的砂体展布,探讨了砂体发育的控制因素,总结了沉积模式.研究结果表明,曙北地区沙四段为扇三角洲-湖泊的沉积体系,薄砂层发育水下分流河道、河口坝、低隆滩坝、沿岸浅滩4种成因类型,其中以水下分流河道和低隆滩坝为主.古地貌、古物源和古水深控制了各类砂体的展布.以曙光和兴隆台古潜山一线为界,南部为扇三角洲体系沉积区,主要发育前缘水下分流河道和河口坝;北部（包括低隆区）为无明显水流注入的半封闭湖湾区,主要发育低隆滩坝砂体和灰/云坪,在西侧沿岸局部地区还发育沿岸浅滩.储量区外大面积发育的低隆滩坝砂体,是下一步碎屑岩增储上产的潜在接替区域.     

济阳坳陷惠民凹陷临盘地区始新统孔店组一段—沙河街组四段红层划分和对比

受气候控制的洪水事件沉积因其短暂性、广布性和周期性等特征,具有相对的等时效应,可以作为地层划分和对比的标志层。通过分析不同规模周期下的事件沉积和正常沉积特征,并结合基准面旋回理论,识别出济阳坳陷惠民凹陷临盘地区始新统孔店组一段—沙河街组四段下亚段红层短期、中期和长期三个级次的基准面旋回特征,短期旋回以洪水期和间洪水期内发育的不同类型沉积微相组合为特征,中期旋回以发育一套完整的洪水期—间洪水期沉积为标志,长期旋回则以多个中期旋回组成的地层叠加为特征;以此为依据将惠民凹陷临盘地区孔店组一段—沙河街组四段下亚段划分为5个长期旋回、16个中期旋回及若干个短期旋回层序,并对第一个长期旋回进行了精细层序地层对比,在此基础上建立了干旱气候控制下的红层层序的划分和对比模式。     

东营凹陷沙四下亚段沉积环境特征及沉积充填模式

沉积盆地中沉积环境特征控制了砂体沉积成因类型及盆地沉积充填模式。通过对东营凹陷丰深2井、官112井及梁120井沙四下亚段泥质沉积物系统取样,进行全岩X衍射分析和常量及微量地球化学元素分析,在此基础上对东营凹陷沙四下亚段古气候和古盐度指标进行分析。结果表明,古气候指标Rb/Sr比值与石英+长石含量、Cr元素含量及P元素含量呈正比,含量增加反映了气候相对潮湿,与古盐度指标碳酸盐+硫酸盐含量呈反比,其含量增加反映了气候相对干旱。东营凹陷沙四下亚段沉积时期气候干湿交替频繁,气候潮湿时期相对湖平面上升,湖水盐度降低;气候干旱时期相对湖平面下降,湖水盐度升高,使得此时期湖泊呈现为高频振荡性盐湖特征。气候潮湿时期以沉积碎屑沉积物为主,包括冲积扇、浅水型三角洲、滨湖滩坝及近岸水下扇沉积,由于湖水盐度较低,洼陷带主要沉积泥岩、灰质泥岩、含膏泥岩和少量泥质膏岩;气候干旱时期相对湖平面下降,湖泊水体盐度升高,洼陷带以沉积膏盐岩为特征,垂向上具有含膏泥岩、泥质膏岩、膏岩和盐岩的演化序列,平面上表现为由湖泊边缘向湖泊中心发育灰质泥岩、含膏泥岩、泥质膏岩、膏岩和盐岩的环带状结构特征。     

南堡凹陷下古生界流体包裹体特征及成藏期研究

通过流体包裹体的透射光和荧光镜下观察、包裹体均一温度测定,对南堡凹陷下古生界碳酸盐岩流体包裹体特征及油气成藏期进行了研究。结果表明:南堡凹陷下古生界碳酸盐岩储层流体包裹体较为发育,主要在碳酸盐岩脉中沿愈合裂缝呈带状分布,烃类包裹体在荧光下呈黄白色--蓝白色,说明研究区油气成熟度相对较高;由包裹体均一温度实测结果可知,该区包裹体均一温度具有明显的双峰特征,峰值分别为70℃~80℃和130℃~140℃;结合埋藏史和热演化史进行综合研究,认为研究区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层主要经历了两期油气充注,第一期为25~22 Ma(东营末期—馆陶早期),第二期为8~5 Ma(明化镇中期)。     

东濮凹陷岩性油气藏勘探方法初探

岩性油气藏已成为渤海湾盆地内各凹陷重要的勘探对象.笔者根据对东濮凹陷形成演化、沉积特征的研究,结合油田下洼勘探的需要,提出了断层分析法进行岩性油气藏勘探,总结出3种模式,经在多个地区应用取得了较好的效果.该方法立足于构造对沉积的控制作用和地震资料对断层的识别能力高于对砂体的分辨能力,操作简便、实用,对断陷盆地的深化勘探具有指导意义.     

Gas generation and expulsion characteristics of Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks,eastern Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin,China: implications for shale gas resource potential

Frontier exploration in the Kuqa Depression, western China, has identified the continuous tight-sand gas accumulation in the Lower Cretaceous and Lower Jurassic as a major unconventional gas pool. However, assessment of the shale gas resource in the Kuqa Depression is new. The shale succession in the Middle–Upper Triassic comprises the Taliqike Formation (T₃t), the Huangshanjie Formation (T₃h) and the middle–upper Karamay Formation (T_2–3k), with an average accumulated thickness of 260 m. The high-quality shale is dominated by type III kerogen with high maturity and an average original total organic carbon (TOC) of about 2.68 wt%. An improved hydrocarbon generation and expulsion model was applied to this self-contained source–reservoir system to reveal the gas generation and expulsion (intensity, efficiency and volume) characteristics of Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks. The maximum volume of shale gas in the source rocks was obtained by determining the difference between generation and expulsion volumes. The results indicate that source rocks reached the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold of 1.1% VR and the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion reached their peak at 1.0% VR and 1.28% VR, with the maximum rate of 56 mg HC/0.1% TOC and 62.8 mg HC/0.1% TOC, respectively. The volumes of gas generation and expulsion from Middle–Upper Triassic source rocks were 12.02 × 10¹² m³ and 5.98 × 10¹² m³, respectively, with the residual volume of 6.04 × 10¹² m³, giving an average gas expulsion efficiency of 44.38% and retention efficiency of 55.62%. Based on the gas generation and expulsion characteristics, the predicted shale gas potential volume is 6.04 × 10¹² m³, indicating a significant shale gas resource in the Middle–Upper Triassic in the eastern Kuqa Depression.     

珠江口盆地西部珠三坳陷珠江组沉积演化

为了加强珠三坳陷珠江组的油气勘探理论,笔者从层序格架、岩芯特征、有孔虫分布、岩石类型及岩性组合等方面,分析珠三坳陷及周缘珠江组三个层序的沉积特征及沉积演化规律:从S50--S60～S40--S41层序,岩芯特征呈现规律性变化,砂岩粒度减小、分选性增强,水动力条件从强-较强-弱转变;有孔虫丰度变化从零星中低值--连续中高值--连续中值,水深从浅-深-较深,神狐隆起从局部出露到完全沉没。古珠江三角洲及海南隆起—粤桂隆起物源三角洲是S50-S60及S41-S50层序的重点沉积体系。从S50-S60～S40-S41层序,古珠江三角洲规模从"大--中--小"依次演变,海南隆起—粤桂隆起物源三角洲呈"大-大-小/无"变化,浅海迅速扩张,仅半深海分布较稳定。