黑龙江东安金矿床锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

通过LA-ICPMS锆石原位定年方法,对黑龙江东安金矿成矿期脉岩流纹斑岩进行了年龄测定.结果显示,与矿化关系极为密切的流纹斑岩的U和Th含量分别为269.1×10-6~956.0×10-6和202.2×10-6~1276.8×10-6,Th/U比值介于0.43~1.80之间.流纹斑岩206Pb/238U年龄的加权平均值为109.6±1.7 Ma,与区内浅成低温热液金矿的成矿年龄相近,共同记录了本区早白垩世晚期的一次重要成岩成矿事件,反映了早白垩世晚期岩石圈大规模伸展减薄的动力学背景.     

吉辽边界梅河口-开原地段晚海西-早印支期岩浆旋回及构造意义

本区已获晚海西-早印支期花岗岩类6件锆石高精度测年数据和两件继承锆石年龄,确定了其活动时限305~242 Ma,主体分属早中三叠世岩石序列、晚二叠世岩石序列、中二叠世岩石序列相应的岩石单元.小四平岩体的年龄及其被晚三叠世地层不整合覆盖,指明古亚洲洋构造域完成在242~228 Ma间.基于上述岩石年龄及形成构造环境和邻近地区磨拉石相发育的层位,揭示古吉黑造山带晚海西-早印支期构造运动或构造-岩浆旋回具有多幕式的递进演化模式,并受显生宙泛大陆旋回所制约.     

河南嵩山地区元古宙五佛山群沉积岩的地球化学特征及其对物源区和构造环境的制约

河南嵩山地区位于华北克拉通南缘,保存有较为完整的太古宙-古元古代变质结晶基底和之后的沉积盖层。五佛山群直接角度不整合覆盖于新太古界登封群和古元古界嵩山群之上,为嵩山地区结晶基底之上分布广泛的第一沉积盖层。其主要由(长石)石英砂岩组成,夹少量的粉砂质页岩、泥岩和薄层灰岩。从下而上岩性相变明显,代表两次较大的沉积旋回。地球化学特征上,五佛山群砂岩的SiO₂含量(70.18%~95.21%)明显比泥质岩(20.79%~52.27%)高,但Fe₂O₃、MgO、CaO和K₂O含量比泥质岩低,表明泥质岩中含有较多的基性组分和富钾矿物。泥质岩的稀土总量(∑REE=131×10^-6~169×10^-6)比砂岩(∑REE=7.30×10^-6~158×10^-6)高,反映泥质岩中较高含量的粘土矿物对稀土元素具有较强的吸附作用。砂岩样品的成分变异指数(ICV=0.89~3.59)较低,说明其成熟度较高,为稳定构造环境下沉积的产物。泥质岩的ICV值为4.04~17.50,SiO₂/Al₂O₃比值(3.90~5.58)和La/V比值较低(0.45~0.65),说明其成熟度较低,形成环境相对比较活动。较低的化学蚀变指数(CIA=7.52~66.1)反映碎屑沉积岩 的源区遭受相对较弱的化学风化作用,其中砂岩(CIA=27.6~66.1)的化学风化强度比泥质岩(CIA=7.52~24.9)高。五佛山群碎屑沉积物主要来源于古元古代中酸性组分,有少量基性组分的加入。其下部和中部的砂岩与华北南缘同时代的沉积地层均形成于被动大陆边缘的沉积环境,说明华北克拉通南缘在熊耳群之后进入了一个稳定的沉积阶段。而五佛山群上部泥质岩形成于与大陆岛弧相关的沉积盆地,显示地壳活动性增强,沉积环境上暗示由被动大陆边缘向活动大陆边缘过渡的过程,可能与秦岭造山带形成初期的板 块活动有关。     

甘肃龙首山芨岭辉绿岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

辉绿岩脉在南方花岗岩型铀矿成矿作用中起到较为重要的作用,芨岭钠交代型铀矿床周边也有产出.通过岩石学、岩相学、地球化学和同位素年代学研究,确定芨岭铀矿床外围的辉绿岩是由碱性玄武岩浆上侵形成的,具有富铝（15.97%~19.21%）、高碱（4.36%~6.89%）、中钛（1.18%~2.02%）的特征,弱铕负异常（δEu=0.65~0.86）,轻稀土元素分异较强而重稀土元素较弱.相对富集LILE （Rb、Ba）和不相容元素（Th、U）,亏损HFSE （Nb、Ta、Hf、Ti）.辉绿岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为485 Ma,形成于奥陶纪早期.MgO含量（3.79%~8.22%）和Mg#值（42.4~66.5）均有较大的变化.岩浆经历了橄榄石、辉石和少量斜长石分离结晶后上侵定位.辉绿岩脉的产出标志着祁连山-龙首山早古生代造山带后碰撞伸展背景的开始,上涌地幔对酸性岩浆的形成、演化直至碱性岩和钠交代型铀矿化出现带来了大量的热能.     

洛川黄土-红粘土序列铁氧化物组成及其古气候指示

对洛川黄土、古土壤和红粘土中磁性矿物组成、成因和相关系进行了研究。结果表明:黄土磁性矿物以风尘磁铁矿为主,少量的成土赤铁矿和成土磁赤铁矿;古土壤磁性矿物以成土磁赤铁矿为主,成土赤铁矿次之,少量的风尘磁铁矿和赤铁矿;红粘土磁性矿物以成土赤铁矿为主,风尘磁铁矿和成土磁赤铁矿次之,少量风尘赤铁矿。黄土、古土壤和红粘土磁性矿物组成差异,反映了其形成期不同的古气候特性以及不同气候条件下生物地球化学作用强度的差异。干冷的冰期,黄土弱成土作用形成了以粗颗粒的风尘磁铁矿核 赤铁矿边的磁化率载体。间冰期的温暖湿润的古气候最有利于生物活动,强烈生物活动导致古土壤中大量纳米超细磁赤铁矿/磁铁矿产生,形成以磁赤铁矿为主,风尘磁铁矿核 赤铁矿边为辅的磁化率载体。红粘土成壤期,强降雨强蒸发的长干短湿的高温炎热的古气候使得红粘土化学风化强烈,生物地球化学活动较弱,形成以磁铁矿核 赤铁矿边和磁赤铁矿核 赤铁矿边的磁化率载体。黄土、古土壤和红粘土磁性矿物组成、磁性矿物相关系是其形成期独特的古气候指示。     

黔桂边境四堡岩群中高压变质矿物的发现及其意义

分布在黔桂边境地区四堡岩群变质岩属绿片岩相,过去一直认为是低压条件下的变质产物。通过近年区调工作,用X射线粉晶衍射方法,测定泥质变质岩的白云母结晶度b0>0.9040nm,显示出高压型变质矿物———多硅白云母特征。高压变质矿物的确定,对研究该区中元古代末期Rodinia超大陆的聚合提供了佐证。     

Geochemistry of lower Jurassic shales of the Shemshak Formation, Kerman Province, Central Iran: Provenance, source weathering and tectonic setting

Lower Jurassic shales of the Shemshak Formation of Kerman Province, Central Iran, were analyzed for major and selected trace elements to infer their provenance, intensity of palaeoweathering of the source rocks and tectonic setting. Plots of shales on Al₂O₃ wt.% versus TiO₂ wt.% diagram and Cr (ppm) versus Ni (ppm) diagram indicate that acidic (granitic) rocks constitute the source rocks in the provenance. Average CIA, PIA and CIW values (84%, 92%, 93%, respectively) imply intense weathering of the source material. Plots of shales on bivariate discriminant function diagram reveal an active continental margin setting for the provenance. The inferred tectonic setting for the Lower Jurassic shales of the Shemshak Formation of Kerman Province is in agreement with the tectonic evolutionary history of the Central Iran during the Jurassic period.     

Luminescence sensitivities of quartz grains from eolian deposits in northern China and their implications for provenance

The thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) sensitivities of quartz grains from deserts and loess–red clay sequences are used to trace eolian provenances in northern China. Our results indicate that the 110°C TL peak and OSL sensitivities of quartz grains show differences among Chinese deserts, which can be subdivided into four groups according to the spatial variations of luminescence sensitivities. Such differences are related mostly to the regional difference in rock types of mountains surrounding or adjacent to the deserts. We also examine the possible provenance changes between the Quaternary loess and the Tertiary eolian red clay, and the results indicate that the luminescence sensitivity of Tertiary red clay is higher than that of Quaternary loess (L1, L15, and L33), implying source materials of the eolian deposits changed relative to those of the Quaternary.     

Provenance of chalk tesserae from Brading Roman Villa, Isle of Wight, UK

Thin section petrographical analysis of chalk tesserae at Brading Roman Villa, Isle of Wight, England, identifies a range of planktonic foraminifera and the calcareous algal cyst Pithonella that identify the Late Cenomanian Rotalipora cushmani Biozone (BGS Foraminiferal Biozones 4iii to 7). The local chalk crop to the north of the villa includes rocks of R. cushmani Biozone age, and indicates a likely local, rather than long distance, source for the tesserae. Microfossils provide a powerful tool for identifying the provenance of artefacts in Roman Britain.     

Petrography and geochemistry of clastic sedimentary rocks as evidences for provenance of the Lower Cambrian Lalun Formation, Posht-e-badam block, Central Iran

Petrography and geochemistry (major, trace and rare earth elements) of clastic rocks from the Lower Cambrian Lalun Formation, in the Posht-e-badam block, Central Iran, have been investigated to understand their provenance. Petrographical analysis suggests that the Lalun conglomerates are dominantly with chert clasts derived from a proximal source, probably chert bearing Precambrian Formations. Similarly, purple sandstones are classified as litharenite (chertarenite) and white sandstones as quartzarenite types. The detrital modes of purple and white sandstones indicate that they were derived from recycled orogen (uplifted shoulders of rift) and stable cratonic source. Most major and trace element contents of purple sandstones are generally similar to upper continental crust (UCC) values. However, white sandstones are depleted in major and trace elements (except SiO₂, Zr and Co) relative to UCC, which is mainly due to the presence of quartz and absence of other Al-bearing minerals. Shale samples have considerably lower content in most of the major and trace elements concentration than purple sandstones, which is possibly due to intense weathering and recycling. Modal composition (e.g., quartz, feldspar, lithic fragments) and geochemical indices (Th/Sc, La/Sc, Co/Th, Cr/Th, Cr/V and V/Ni ratios) of sandstones, and shales (La/Sc and La/Cr ratios) indicate that they were derived from felsic source rocks and deposited in a passive continental margin. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns of the studied samples are characterized by LREE enrichment, negative Eu anomaly and flat HREE similar to an old upper continental crust composed chiefly of felsic components in the source area. The study of paleoweathering conditions based on modal composition, chemical index of alteration (CIA), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) and A–CN–K (Al₂O₃ − CaO + Na₂O − K₂O) relationships indicate that probably chemical weathering in the source area and recycling processes have been more important in shale and white sandstones relative to purple sandstones. The results of this study suggest that the main source for the Lalun Formation was likely located in uplifted shoulders of a rifted basin (probably a pull-apart basin) in its post-rift stage (Pan-African basement of the Posht-e-badam block).