Maximal Overlap Wavelet Statistical Analysis With Application to Atmospheric Turbulence

Statistical tools based on the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) are reviewed, and then applied to a dataset of aircraft observations of the atmospheric boundary layer from the tropical eastern Pacific, which includes quasi-stationary and non-stationary segments. The wavelet methods provide decompositions of variances and covariances, e.g. fluxes, between time scales that effectively describe a broadband process like atmospheric turbulence. Easily understood statistical confidence bounds are discussed and applied to these scale decompositions, and results are compared to Fourier methods for quasi-stationary turbulence. The least asymmetric LA(8) wavelet filter yields coefficients that exhibit better uncorrelatedness across scales than the Haar filter and is better suited for decomposition of broadband turbulent signals. An application to a non-stationary segment of our dataset, namely vertical profiles of the turbulent dissipation rate, highlights the flexibility of wavelet methods.     

民国时期上海霍乱频发的原因探略

阐述了民国时期上海霍乱的发生情况,并对其频发的原因进行了研究。研究结果认为,民国时期上海霍乱流行有三个方面的特点:一是频繁,数十年几乎无年不发生;二是死亡人数多,并涉及各色人等,尤以移民、苦力等下层社会群体受害最深;三是成因极为复杂,既有自然因素又有人为因素的作用,如贸易、人口、移民、城市管理、习惯文化、生活方式、社会分层、战争等。多种因素叠加交互作用,使上海成为当时中国三大霍乱中心之一。研究还发现,民国时期上海霍乱不同于一般的传染病,而是现代沿海城市畸形发展的一种城市病,其社会问题的层面要多于自然的层面。     

婺源县空气负离子分布规律初步分析

在婺源大鄣山卧龙谷景区、鸳鸯湖景区、月亮湾景区、城区和部分村庄选取7个能够代表当地生态环境特征的监测点,进行为期2 d的负离子浓度、温度、风向、风速、空气相对湿度和气压流动监测,并与南昌城区负离子浓度观测资料进行对比,初步分析了负离子分布规律,以及负离子与首要污染物(PM10)的关系.分析结果认为,负离子浓度与植被覆盖率、海拔高度呈正相关,与首要污染物浓度呈负相关;风景区的负离子浓度高于城区:植被状况与瀑布对负离子的空间分布影响最大.     

阿尔泰山南缘东段玛因鄂博韧性剪切带特征及运动学、动力学分析

玛因鄂博韧性剪切带位于阿尔泰山南缘额尔齐斯大断裂东段,玛因鄂博断裂以北,带内岩石糜棱岩化强烈,线理、面理构造发育,局部剪切变形明显部位发育S-C组构、σ型和δ型残碎长石斑晶系,均指示为左行韧性剪切变形.带内变形岩石宏、微观特征显示:玛因鄂博韧性剪切带是以压扁变形为主的左行剪切变形,韧性变形深度相当于地壳10～15km深处,温度约300～450℃,压力在0.25～0.40GPa,是一种发生在地壳中-浅构造层次和中-低温度、中等压力条件下的韧性-脆性变形,其变形变质作用相当于中低绿片岩相,局部达高绿片岩相;剪切主应力方向为NEE向,约83°.剪切位移量和剪切带宽度大致相当,总剪切位移量约9.2～11.5km.该韧性剪切带的剪切活动持续时间较长,高峰期为290～270Ma,而其最后结束时间为230Ma左右.     

顶管施工中的风险分析

随着我国经济的发展和人们环保意识的增强，顶管施工作为一种非开挖施工方法得到广泛的应用，在城市建设中应用的领域也越来越宽。由于地下工程的不确定性，特别是在拥挤的城市，顶管施工常面临极大的风险。本文通过分析顶管施工项目风险因素及后果，给出了降低顶管施工风险的措施。     

气象用GX-2型水电解制氢设备电解电压的分析

分别从温度，压力，电解质以及电解液浓度等方面因素在水电解过程中对电解电压的影响进行分析，并在实际工作加以应用，从而达到降低能耗，节约成本的目的。     

基于对应分析的训练样本的选择

本文提出一种基于对应分析的训练样本的选择方法。它从训练样本中自动地选择有代表性的典型训练样本,使得在自动分类中充分利用所采集的样本信息,以便得到满意的分类结果。通过实验与分析证明,该方法是可行的,它明显优于人工随机选择训练样本的方式。与基于Q型因子分析的训练样本选择方法相比,可以更快地得到较少的典型样本,满意的分类精度。     

一次大冰雹过程的成因初探

2006年7月12日下午5时前后,阳泉市遭受严重的冰雹、暴雨袭击,造成部分乡镇农作物受害,直接经济损失在3 000万元以上。为此我们以这次大冰雹天气过程为例,应用《阳泉市冰雹短期预报系统》、FY2C云图资料、多普勒雷达资料等方法,初步探索大冰雹天气的成因,以及在大冰雹出现前冰雹云的一些特殊结构特征,为今后的预报提供一些有价值的,有指示意义的预报指标。     

U-Pb-Hf isotopic data from detrital zircons in late Carboniferous and Mid-Late Triassic sandstones,and also Carboniferous granites from the Tauride and Anatolide continental units in S Turkey: implications for Tethyan palaeogeography

ABSTRACT

Zircons from Carboniferous sandstones (three samples) and Mid-Late Triassic sandstones (four samples) from the Tauride and Anatolide continental units were analysed for U-Pb-Hf isotopes. For comparison, zircons were also analysed from Carboniferous granites of the Afyon Zone, Anatolides (three samples). A NE African/Arabian source is inferred for both the Carboniferous sandstones of the Taurides (Alada?) and the Anatolides (Konya Complex). In contrast, the Carboniferous Karaburun Melange is characterised by a NW African provenance. A prominent Devonian population occurs in the Carboniferous Karaburun Melange, characterised by mainly positive ε_Hf(t) values that differ significantly from those of the Devonian granites of the Sakarya continental crustal unit (Pontides). Middle-Late Triassic Tauride sandstones include minor Palaeozoic and Early Mesozoic zircons. In contrast, Devonian and Carboniferous zircons are relatively abundant in Late Triassic sandstones of the Karaburun Peninsula. The Hf isotopic compositions of 25 Carboniferous-aged zircons from three samples of Mid-Late Triassic sandstone and one of Late Carboniferous age (one sample) overlap with the ε_Hf(t) values of Carboniferous arc-type granites in the Anatolides. Taking account of the available U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic data from comparative crustal units, the Devonian zircon populations from the melanges in the Karaburun Peninsula and the Konya Complex are inferred to have a westerly source (e.g. granitic rocks of Aegean region or central Europe). A tectonic model is proposed in which Palaeozoic Tethys sutured during the late Carboniferous in the west (Aegean region westwards), leaving an eastward-widening oceanic gulf in which sandstone turbidites accumulated, including Devonian zircons.     

精密时钟单钟幂律谱系数的取值分析

精密时钟噪声可用五个幂律谱系数来表征其强弱。由于不存在实际可用的理想时钟作为参考,用以估计幂律谱系数的单钟噪声无法直接测出,而只能利用钟组内各钟之间的钟差。然而这是一个不适定问题．本文探讨了单钟幂律谱系数的取值范围与优化估计方法。