关于注水地震研究的几个问题

本文认为注水地震是相当复杂的。将注水只看成诱发因素,或将与注水相关的地震都看成构造地震是片面的。对注水过程的微震研究表明,注水可以直接造成地震。对油田地震的研究表明,大量采油造成地下介质的亏空同样可能造成地震。对其它一些地下矿藏的采掘也有类似的情况。错误地把与注水有关的地震都看成是注水诱发的构造地震,将导致对地壳构造活动特点的错误估计。     

基于筛分水平浓度法的洞庭湖沉积物质量基准初步分析

基于2013 2015年调查获取的129个洞庭湖表层沉积物和底栖生物的调查数据,应用筛分水平浓度法初步探讨了洞庭湖沉积物几种重金属沉积物质量基准的推荐值.结果表明,洞庭湖沉积物砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)和锌(Zn)含量均值为17.2、2.63、56.9、32.4、38.4和96.3 mg/kg(DW);筛分水平浓度法获取的洞庭湖沉积物As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn质量基准分别为11.97、1.13、42.03、19.17、23.63和67.54 mg/kg(DW).通过与不同国家及地区指定的重金属质量基准推荐值以及本地区采用其他方法推导的重金属基准推荐值进行比较,推算出本研究获取的6种重金属沉积物质量基准推荐值接近所有数据的中间值.对于洞庭湖流域,不同方法获取的沉积物重金属质量基准具有可比性.然而,鉴于用于推导沉积物质量基准的数据采集涉及的区域较为有限,且除了重金属污染外,影响底栖生物分布的因素较为复杂,导致获取的沉积物重金属质量基准推荐值存在一定的不确定性.     

A methodology for defining seismic scenario‐structure‐based limit state criteria for rc high‐rise wall buildings using net drift

As a result of population growth and consequent urbanization, the number of high‐rise buildings is rapidly growing worldwide resulting in increased exposure to multiple‐scenario earthquakes and associated risk. The wide range in frequency contents of possible strong ground motions can have an impact on the seismic response, vulnerability and limit states definitions of RC high‐rise wall structures. Motivated by the pressing need to derive more accurate fragility relations to be used in seismic risk assessment and mitigation of such structures, a methodology is proposed to obtain reliable, Seismic Scenario‐Structure‐Based (SSSB) definitions of limit state criteria. A 30‐story wall building, located in a multi‐seismic scenario study region, is utilized to illustrate the methodology. The building is designed following modern codes and then modeled using nonlinear fiber‐based approach. Uncertainty in ground motions is accounted for by the selection of forty real earthquake records representing two seismic scenarios. Seismic scenario‐based building local response at increasing earthquake intensities is mapped using Multi‐Record Incremental Dynamic Analyses (MRIDAs) with a new scalar intensity measure. Net Inter‐Story Drift (NISD) is selected as a global damage measure based on a parametric study involving seven buildings ranging from 20 to 50 stories. This damage measure is used to link local damage events, including shear, to global response under different seismic scenarios. While the study concludes by proposing SSSB limit state criteria for the sample building, the proposed methodology arrives at a reliable definition of limit state criteria for an inventory of RC high‐rise wall buildings under multiple earthquake scenarios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新疆东准噶尔南明水东蚀变岩型金矿床地质特征、控矿因素和找矿标志

在野外地质调查的基础上,对新疆东准噶尔南明东金矿床的矿床地质特征、成因类型、控矿因素、找矿标志以及下一步找矿方向进行了综合研究,认为该矿床为中低温热液蚀变岩型金矿床,受韧-脆性剪切带、地层建造和热液活动的多重控制。矿区地质环境复杂,地表蚀变带规模较大,深部尚未完全控制,具有较好的找矿前景。南明水组的层间断裂、褶皱交汇部位是成矿的有利地段。     

精确测定地震计传递函数

提出联合阶跃标定与带精确电流测量的正弦波标定来确定地震计传递函数的方法。首先,使用阶跃标定确定地震计等效机械摆的自振周期和阻尼,得到地震计低频特性。随后,使用正弦波标定并引入电流测试技术,测定地震计全频段频率响应,幅频响应更加准确,同时可获得相频响应。最后,构建与地震计传递函数特征一致的结构来描述传递函数,采用最优化方法拟合求取地震计传递函数。该方法具有原理清楚、操作简单、易于实现、结果精确等优点,特别适用于地震计用户测试、地震计传递特性与厂方参数及各地震计间一致性和长期稳定性的验证,结果符合反馈型地震计传递函数特点。     

基于强度折减法的隧道洞口段地震稳定性研究

近年来,强度折减法在岩土工程静、动力稳定性分析领域快速发展。基于该方法,相关学者研究了边坡和隧道的动力稳定安全系数。隧道洞口段是围岩、边坡和衬砌结构相互作用的三维复杂结构体,当前对其地震稳定性研究多集中于定性描述,尚不能给出量化的指标。依托振动台试验,建立相应的洞口段三维数值模型,采用强度折减法,引入结合突变理论的塑性区应变能和其他判据,获得洞口段的动力稳定安全系数。结果表明:结合突变理论的塑性区应变能和其他判据得到的安全系数的最大相对误差较小,在洞口段的地震稳定性分析中采用该判据具有简便、量化等优势;计算出的洞口段的动力安全系数与动力加载降低结构稳定性的一般规律相一致;安全系数为1.52说明洞口段有较高的地震稳定性,与振动台试验的实验现象符合。     

大功率激电在铅锌矿勘查中的应用--以辽宁省岫岩县王家堡子铅锌多金属矿为例

辽宁省岫岩县王家堡子铅锌多金属矿位于青城子-许屯铅锌矿带上,通过大功率激电测量查明工作区激电异常特征,综合地质、化探信息,笔者认为矿区侵入岩区带状极化率异常是铅锌矿的找矿标志,沉积岩中石墨矿化引起区域性高极化,根据激电剖面异常特征有利于区分矿与非矿。     

Types of uranium deposits in central Zhuguang Mountains in Hunan Province,South China and their metallogenic regularity and prospecting directions

The central Zhuguang Mountains in Hunan Province is located at the junction of the three provinces, namely Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangdong, where the famous Lujing uranium ore field lies. The uranium deposits occurring in this area are all granite-related and they can be divided into three types, namely endogranitic ones, perigranitic ones, and contact zone types. The endogranitic uranium deposits are mainly controlled by the structural alteration zones developing within granites, with fragmentation, hematitization, and alkali metasomatism as their main mineralization characteristics. The perigranitic uranium deposits are mainly produced in the carbonaceous, siliceous, and argillaceous composite layers of epimetamorphic rocks and are controlled by fractured zones formed due to interlayer compression. The contact zone type uranium deposits mainly occur in the contact parts between the granites and favorable horizons. They have developed in favorable sections where multiple sets of structures are combined and intersected. The main metallogenic regularities of uranium in the central Zhuguang Mountains are as follows. The basic conditions for the uranium mineralization in this area include the framework consisting of regional deep large faults and their associated multi-set multi-direction favorable metallogenic structures, multi-cycle and multi-stage uranium-rich rock masses, and uranium-rich folded basement. Meanwhile, the uranium deposits in this area are closely related to granites in terms of genesis and space and they are formed in different structural parts subject to the same metallization. Furthermore, based on the summary of the characteristics and regularities of uranium mineralization in this area, the controlling factors of different types of uranium deposits in the area were explored and six metallogenic target areas were predicted. All these will provide references for the exploration of uranium deposits in this area.     

台风灾害极值预测——模式和应用

台风灾害是影响中国2.5亿人民生命财产和经济发展的重大问题。鉴于现行台风防灾减灾领域存在的问题,提出了"多维复合极值分布"理论及相应的"双层嵌套多目标概率模式",并应用于美国卡特列娜飓风巨灾预测和验证、上海设防标准、杭州湾特大超高水位,三峡设计洪水的概率预测及风险分析,显示了新理论的科学性、先进性和实用性。     

西安市地面沉降时空演化特征及机理研究

本文根据多年来的垂直形变资料,系统而深入地研究地面垂直形变的演化特征及其规律,并结合地下水活动和地面沉降分层标的监测资料,分析地面沉降成因。西安地区由于过量开采地下水,引起地面急剧沉降。