北秦岭官坡地区高压—超高压榴辉岩岩相学及变质作用研究

北秦岭官坡地区的榴辉岩及含柯石英榴辉岩产在帮岭岩群的北侧，主要由绿辉石和石榴石组成，部分石榴石和绿辉石中含柯石英包体。此外还含有退变质的多硅白云母、角闪石、黝帘石和纳长石等矿物，根据变质矿物之间的替代关系及共生组合规律，榴辉岩退变质作用可划分为四个阶段，各阶段代表性矿物组合依次为：柯石英＋绿辉石＋石榴石；石英＋绿辉石＋石榴石；多硅白云母＋绿辉石＋石榴石＋石英；角闪石＋斜长石＋白云母＋黑云母。这四个     

冀东太古宙高级变质岩区若干地质问题的研究

在1∶5万区域地质填图及专题研究的基础上探讨了变质岩石中的岩浆侵位变形构造、褶皱构造及变形与变质作用的关系等三个方面的问题。研究表明冀东太古宙高级区变质岩石中不同程度地发育岩浆岩构造,包括在不同类型片麻岩之间所表现的穿切构造、基性岩墙中的矿物定向构造以及基性岩体边缘及其围岩的变形构造等,褶皱构造可分为表壳岩褶皱及片麻岩褶皱,高级区可能不存在大型的片麻岩褶皱,通过镜下特征矿物相的研究并结合野外变质基性岩墙的产状及特征,建立区域变质与变形作用的关系,从而为区域地质事件表的建立提供依据。     

Geodynamic significance of ophiolites within the Calabrian Arc

Abstract Slices of oceanic lithosphere belonging to the neo‐Tethys realm crop out discontinuously in the northern Calabrian Arc, Southern Apennines. They consist of high‐pressure–low‐temperature metamorphic ophiolitic sequences formed from metaultramafics, metabasites and alternating metapelites, metarenites, marbles and calcschist. Ophiolites occupy an intermediate position in the northern Calabrian Arc nappe pile, situated between overlying Hercynian continental crust and the underlying Apenninic limestone units. In the literature, these ophiolitic sequences are subdivided into several tectonometamorphic units. Geochemical characteristics indicate that metabasites were derived from subalkaline basalts with tholeiitic affinity (transitional mid‐oceanic ridge basalt type), and a harzburgitic‐lherzolitic protolith is suggested for the serpentinites. The pressure–temperature‐deformation paths of the metabasites from different outcrops display similar features: (i) the prograde segment follows a typical Alpine geothermal gradient up to a metamorphic climax at 350°C and 0.9 GPa and crystallization of the high‐pressure mineral assemblage occurs along a pervasive foliation developed during a compressive tectonic event; and (ii) the retrogression path can be subdivided in two segments, the first is characterized by nearly isothermal decompression to approximately 400°C and 0.3 GPa and the second follows a cooling trajectory. During low‐pressure conditions, a second deformation event produces millimetric to decametric scale asymmetric folds that describe west‐verging major structures. The third deformation event is characterized by brittle extensional structures. The tectonometamorphic evolution of the ophiolitic sequences from the different outcrops is similar. Both thermobarometric modeling and tectonic history indicate that the studied rocks underwent Alpine subduction and exhumation processes as tectonic slices inside a west‐verging accretionary wedge. The subduction of oceanic lithosphere was towards the present east; therefore, the Hercynian continental crust, overthrusted on the ophiolitic accretionary wedge after the neo‐Tethys closure, was part of the African paleomargin or a continental microplate between Africa and Europe.     

Prolonged Dry Episodes over North America: New Tendencies Emerging During the Last 40 Years

A disproportionate increase in precipitation coming from intense rain events, in the situation of general warming (thus, an extension of the vegetation period with intensive transpiration) and an insignificant change in total precipitation could lead to an increase in the frequency of potentially serious type of extreme events: prolonged periods without precipitation (even when the mean seasonal rainfall totals increase). This paper investigates whether this development is already occurring during the past several decades over North America south of 55°N, for the same period when changes in frequency of intense precipitation events are being observed. Lengthy strings of “dry” days without sizeable (>1.0 mm) precipitation were assessed only during the warm season (defined as a period when mean daily temperature is above the 5℃ threshold) when water is intensively used for transpiration and prolonged periods without sizable rainfall represent a hazard for terrestrial ecosystem's health and agriculture. During the past four decades, the mean duration of prolonged dry episodes (20 days or longer in southeastern Canada, 1 month or longer in the Eastern United States and along the Gulf Coast of Mexico and 2 months or longer in the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico) has significantly increased. As a consequence, the return period of 1 month long dry episodes over the Eastern U.S. has been reduced more than twofold from 15 to 6~7 years. The longer average duration of dry episodes has occurred during a relatively wet period around most of the continent south of 55°N but is not observed over the Northwestern U.S. and adjacent regions of Southern Canada.      

On the origin of oriented rutile needles in garnet from UHP eclogites

Although oriented rutile needles in garnet have been reported from several ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) rocks and considered to be important UHP indicators, their crystallographic features including growth habit and lattice correspondences with garnet host have never been properly characterized. This paper presents a detailed analytical electron microscopic (AEM) study on evenly distributed oriented rutile needles in garnet of two eclogitic rocks from Sulu. Some garnet in one UHP diamondiferous quartzofeldspathic rock from the Saxonian Erzgebirge, and in one high‐pressure (HP) felsic granulite from Bohemia also contain a few unevenly distributed oriented rutile needles. They have also been studied for the purpose of comparison. Despite different distribution patterns, AEM revealed that all rutile needles are oriented along the 〈111〉 directions of garnet with their lateral sides surrounded by the {110} planes of garnet, and that the growth directions of most needles are close to the normal of the {101} planes of rutile. No other specific crystallographic orientation relationships between rutile and garnet host were observed, and there is no pyroxene associated with rutile, as necessitated by the precipitation reaction of rutile in garnet as previously proposed. A simple solid‐state precipitation scenario for the formation of the rutile needles in garnet in these two eclogitic rocks is not justified. Three alternative mechanisms are considered for the formation of oriented rutile needles: (i) the rutile needles may be inherited from precursor minerals; (ii) the rutile needles may be formed by a dissolution–reprecipitation mechanism; and (iii) the rutile needles may be formed by cleaving and healing of garnet with rutile deposition. None of these mechanisms can fully explain the observations, although the first one is less likely and the third one is preferred. This study presents an example where the presence of oriented/aligned inclusions in minerals does not necessarily imply a precipitation origin.     

Accessory phase petrogenesis in relation to major phase assemblages in pelites from the Nelson contact aureole, southern British Columbia

Monazite petrogenesis in the Nelson contact aureole is the result of allanite breakdown close to, but downgrade and therefore independent of, major phase isograds involving cordierite, andalusite and staurolite. The development of garnet downgrade of the staurolite and andalusite isograds does not appear to affect the onset of the allanite-to-monazite reaction but does affect the textural development of monazite. In lower pressure, garnet-absent rocks, allanite breakdown results in localized monazite growth as pseudomorphous clusters. In higher pressure, garnet-bearing rocks, allanite breakdown produces randomly distributed, lone grains of monazite with no textural relationship to the original reaction site. Fluids liberated from hydrous phases (chlorite, muscovite) during garnet formation may have acted as a flux to distribute light rare earth elements more widely within the rock upon allanite breakdown, preventing the localized formation of monazite pseudomorphs. Despite these textural differences, both types of monazite have very similar chemistry and an indistinguishable age by electron microprobe chemical dating (157 ± 6.4 Ma). This age range is within error of isotopic ages determined by others for the Nelson Batholith. Garnet from the garnet, staurolite and andalusite zones shows euhedral Y zoning typified by a high-Y core, low-Y collar and moderate-Y annulus, the latter ascribed to allanite breakdown during garnet growth in the garnet zone. The cause of the transition from high-Y core to low-Y collar, traditionally interpreted to be due to xenotime consumption, is unclear because of the ubiquitous presence of xenotime. Accessory phase geothermometry involving monazite, xenotime and garnet returns inconsistent results, suggesting calibration problems or a lack of equilibration between phases.     

陕西略阳铜厂铜矿成矿时代及地质意义

根据铜厂铜矿床辉钼矿ＲｅＯｓ同位素模式年龄和黄铜矿ＲｂＳｒ同位素等时线年龄分别为８８９Ｍａ和３５９Ｍａ,并依据其地质特征和与铜厂岩体之间时空关系,认为早期铜矿化发生在８８９Ｍａ左右,与铜厂岩体岩浆期后热液有关;晚期铜矿化则发生在３５９Ｍａ左右,是伴随区域动力变质作用发生的;其矿质来源研究表明既有来自围岩的,又有来自岩体本身的;包裹体测温资料表明成矿温度集中在两个区间：高温大于３００℃,低温１５０～２００℃。该矿床为多期、复源、多种成矿作用叠加复合的产物。     

Metamorphic evolution of a subduction complex, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

A subduction complex composed of ocean floor material mixed with arc-derived metasediments crops out in the Elephant Island group and at Smith Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, with metamorphic ages of 120–80 Ma and 58–47 Ma, respectively. Seven metamorphic zones (I–VII) mapped on Elephant Island delineate a gradual increase in metamorphic grade from the pumpellyite–actinolite facies, through the crossite–epidote blueschist facies, to the lower amphibolite facies. Geothermometry in garnet–amphibole and garnet–biotite pairs yields temperatures of about 350 °C in zone III to about 525 °C in zone VII. Pressures were estimated on the basis of Si content in white mica, Al₂O₃ content in alkali amphibole, Na^M4/Al^IV in sodic-calcic and calcic amphibole, Al^VI/Si in calcic amphibole, and jadeite content in clinopyroxene. Mean values vary from about 6–7.5 kbar in zone II to about 5 kbar in zone VII. Results from the other islands of the Elephant Island group are comparable to those from the main island; Smith Island yielded slightly higher pressures, up to 8 kbar, with temperatures estimated between 300 and 350 °C. Zoned minerals and other textural indications locally enable inference of P–T –t trajectories, all with a clockwise evolution. A reconstruction in space and time of these P–T –t paths allows an estimate of the thermal structure in the upper crust during the two ductile deformation phases (D₁ & D₂) that affected the area. This thermal structure is in good agreement with the one expected for a subduction zone. The arrival and collision of thickened oceanic crust may have caused the accretion and preservation of the subduction complex. In this model, D₁ represents the subduction movements expressed by the first vector of the clockwise P–T–t path, D₂ reflects the collision corresponding to the second vector with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure, and D₃ corresponds to isostatic uplift accompanied by erosion, under circumstances of decreasing temperature and pressure.     

高压超高压变质作用中流体—熔体—岩石相互作用

在高压超高压变质作用过程中所释放的流体对俯冲板块的演化起着重要作用,与岛弧岩浆活动有着直接联系,随着温度和压力的增加,俯冲板片将发生高压到超高榴辉岩相转变,大量的水将通过含水矿物的消失反应释放出来,这些流体可引起上覆岩圈大规模水化,并促进地幔楔状体的部分熔融,同时,通过流体的向上迁移可将某些组分带入上覆岩石圈板块,并改变其总体组成,许多含水矿物,同变质脉体,高压自形晶体组成的布丁,原生液态包裹体和     

Characteristics of telemagmatic metamorphism of the Ceshui Formation coal in Lianyuan coal basin

The Ceshui Formation coal is mostly anthracite and its metamorphism has been less documented.By analyzing systematically the reflectance of vitrinite and the results of X-ray diffraction of the Ceshui Formation cola in the Lianyuan coal basin,the spatial variation characteristics of coal ranks,coal metamorphic regions,the extension of coal metamorphic belts.coal metamorphic gradients,coal chemical structure and the effect on the degree of metamorphism of heat-production and -storge conditions,buried depth of the Indosinian-Yenshanian granites at the margins of the Lianyuan coal basin are discussed.The research results in conjunction of the features of regional hydrothermal alterations,endogenetic deposits with the Ceshui Formation coal measures,and the development of secondary vesicles indicate that the telemagmatic metamorphism is the main factor leading to the metamorphism of the Ceshui Formation coal in the region studied.