TRMM PR雷达与阜阳雷达降水资料的对比研究

选取了1998年与1999年HUBEX观测资料，将TRMM卫星上的星载降雨雷达PR与阜阳的713数字化天气雷达资料在以下3个方面做了比较：(1)强度场的分布；(2)平均反射率廓线；(3)灵敏度。分析、比较结果可知阜阳雷达在探测灵敏度和水平方向的分辨率要高于PR，但由于波束宽度、衰减和资料转化过程计算误差的原因，其远距离处的观测值与真实值有一定偏差。PR波长短，对衰减敏感，尤其是在垂直方向上经过强衰减后，订正值仍偏小。但由于探测方式的不同PR在水平方向上不存在衰减的问题，且其资料分布均匀，因此提出一种用PR     

抚仙湖一米红外太阳望远镜Hα窄带滤光器扫描轮廓的检测与修正

抚仙湖1 m红外太阳望远镜的重要终端之一是多通道高分辨成像系统,主要由两路宽带和一路窄带成像系统组成。目前窄带成像系统的工作谱线为Hα。主要介绍了窄带成像系统扫描轮廓的检测和修正。主要检测内容包括扫描轮廓的中心波长位置、扫描轮廓对称性、前置滤光片对扫描轮廓的影响、滤光器工作温度稳定性等问题。检测结果显示:扫描轮廓在656.281-0.15 nm到656.281+0.4 nm的范围内与理论轮廓较好地吻合,而在656.281-0.15 nm到656.281-0.4 nm的范围内明显衰减。同时轮廓中心波长位置(即强度最低点的波长位置)相对于滤光器显示的"0 nm"偏带点蓝移了0.013 nm。针对上述检测结果,将滤光器的工作温度提高了约0.3℃。在温度调整之后,扫描轮廓的整体特征不变,轮廓中心波长位置与"0 nm"偏带点偏差小于0.004 nm,同时红蓝翼对称偏带点的强度差异小于10%(对应1.8 km/s的多普勒速度测量误差)。目前可以明确,扫描轮廓的蓝翼衰减是由前置滤光片造成,对于常用工作范围(656.281±0.1 nm),可以忽略前置滤光片的影响。滤光器工作温度比较稳定,1个月内温度变化幅度的标准方差约0.001 7℃。目前,该滤光器仍存在的问题是扫描轮廓在"0 nm"偏带点略有突起,幅度在6%~8%。建议在以后的使用过程中,需要定期定量地对滤光器的扫描轮廓以及前置滤光片的透过率曲线进行检测。     

COSMIC与FY-3C掩星电离层反演的比较

利用基于TEC的电子密度廓线反演方法,对2014年12月31日的COSMIC和FY-3C掩星任务的电离层掩星相位数据进行处理,将反演的电子密度廓线及电离层峰值参数分别与两个掩星任务的官方产品进行比较,发现两个掩星任务的反演结果与官方产品均具有较好的一致性.其中COSMIC反演结果与CDAAC官方产品的一致性略好于FY-3C反演结果与NSMC官方产品的一致性,且两个任务的NmF2的反演质量均优于hmF2的反演质量.但与COSMIC不同,FY-3C掩星电离层相位数据进行反演处理之前有必要进行滤波平滑预处理,且由于FY-3C非掩星时段的相位数据量太少,反演过程中不建议对TEC进行改正.     

Sand transport measurements in Chioggia inlet,Venice lagoon: Theory versus observations

This paper presents results of recent measurements of sand transport made in Chioggia inlet as part of an extensive monitoring programme in the Venetian inlets. Measurements were made in order: (1) to define a relationship between sand transport magnitude and tidal flow; (2) to derive the thresholds for sand transport; (3) to identify the dominant modes of transport; (4) to evaluate the concentration profiles of sand within the benthic boundary layer; (5) to compare bedload transport observations with model predictions using existent bedload formulae; and (6) to produce yearly estimates of bedload transport across the inlet. The vertical distribution of sand in the water column was sampled using modified Helley–Smith bedload samplers at three sites. Transport was found to vary according to the flow and bed grain size, with considerable temporal and spatial variability. A difference of up to three orders of magnitude in transport was observed through the inlet, with higher transport rates measured on the seaward part. The dominant mode of transport in the central inlet was suspension, while bedload was dominant in the mouths. The measured profiles of sand concentration varied with the tidal stage and seabed grain size according to the Rouse parameter (R). R was high at the inlet mouths (1<R<2), indicative of a well-developed bedload layer. The inverse movability number (W_s/U_*) was also higher at these sites and appeared to be grain size dependant. Formulae for bedload transport were tested against field data; stochastic methods such as Einstein–Brown, Engelund–Hansen and Van Rijn produce the best fits. The coupled model SHYFEM-Sedtrans05 appears to simulate well observed transport for most conditions of flow. Long-term bedload predictions indicate a dominant export of sand, with a yearly average of 4500 m³.     

基于车载激光点云数据的道路模型重建

在SSW车载激光扫描点云数据的基础上,研究了提取道路边线点集的方法,并对道路边线点进行均匀抽稀,最后按照道路纵断面shape构建道路模型。试验表明该方法能成功地提取出道路边线点,建立道路模型。     

西藏高原斜压对流边界层风、温、湿廓线特征

利用1998年夏季第2次青藏高原大气科学试验当雄观测站的边界层观测资料以及拉萨、改则和武汉等地探空资料,分析讨论西藏高原斜压对流边界层风、温、湿廓线的特征. 研究结果表明,高原地区白天对流边界层发展可高达2200m,显著超过中纬度平原地区和海面上对流边界层高度. 高原对流边界层中温度廓线具有较好的混合特征,湿度廓线有时在某一高度上出现湿度极大值. 高原对流边界层内热量和水汽收支分析表明,水平平流作用对边界层结构具有重要作用. 在对流边界层中平均风速垂直分布存在风切变现象. 水平温度梯度形成较强的斜压性是形成边界层风切变的主要原因.     

不同降维策略下的高光谱影像多特征分类

由于物体表面的空间分布通常是富有规律且局部连续的,在高光谱影像分类中应充分利用其光谱和空间信息。本文在对高光谱影像立方体进行降维处理的基础上,提出了一种联合空域和谱域信息的高光谱影像高效分类方法。首先,分别选用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)和正交投影波段选择(Orthogonal Projection Band Selection,OPBS)两种方法对原始高光谱数据进行预处理,获取降维后的影像数据。然后在其基础上提取扩展形态学特征(Extended Morphology Profiles,EMP)和地物表面纹理特征,组成联合光谱和纹理、形状结构特征。最后,采用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)分类器对联合特征进行分类。针对不同真实高光谱数据集的实验结果表明,本文提出的方法运算效率高且具有令人满意的分类性能。     

The diversity of diversity: a critique of geodemographic classification

We report on an examination of two geodemographic classification systems based on an analysis of 1991 census variables, for districts, wards and census enumeration districts in England and Wales. We also review the associations among the variables examined, the extent to which certain underlying components might account for the overall variation and the types of areas that are least typical. The results show that small areas are different in many different ways; a few dimensions cannot provide enough information to describe an area fully. Diversity on most scales remains even after geodemographicclassification, emphasizing the advantages of task-specific classification.