诱发因素影响下的滑坡参数优化预测模型研究

本文结合三峡库区地质灾害监测预警建设历程、地质灾害监测分析现状及面临的问题,从地质灾害监测分析概念和内涵、发展趋势等方面进行了探讨,获得了以下认识：(1)探讨了地质灾害监测分析的内涵,提出了地质灾害监测分析的定义,即围绕着监测目的、监测内容和监测方法,对地质灾害监测数据及相关成果资料开展综合性分析的工作,针对预警预报、防控决策、施工安全、工程效果等不同监测目的,总结了地质灾害监测分析的主要内容;(2)面对多源、异构、实时、海量的地质灾害监测及相关数据,发展地质灾害智能化监测分析系统,实现地质灾害监测数据、分析技术方法、应用服务以及监测分析工作流程化等方面有效集成,是破解监测分析困境和问题的关键。     

The Young Geographers And Their Research: 1936–1943*

The Young Geographers, an informal organization of American geographers, flourished from 1936 to 1943. One of its projects in 1940 and 1941 was the compilation and publication of lists of contemplated research by some 170 Young Geographers. Their listed research interests were relatively narrow in subject and geographical area. The successor of the Young Geographers was the American Society for Professional Geographers which merged with the Association of American Geographers in 1948 under a democratic constitution which assured that young geographers and their research would be recognized.     

开源摄影测量实践教学软件设计与实现

针对摄影测量实践教学软件交互能力差、代码封闭等不足,提出了基于开源软件思想及利用交互式数据语言设计开发摄影测量学实践教学软件方法。软件代码公开、操作动作分解、交互能力强,涵盖了摄影测量学主要理论知识、方法和过程,具有结构清晰,教学重点突出,拓展性强的特点。教学实践证明:该软件可以适应不同水平的本科生,具有较好的教学效果。     

我国超声地震模型试验的理论研究与实践

超声地震模型试验是地球物理模拟研究的重要手段之一，50年代后期，我国开始了超声地震模型试验的研究实践，在40多年的发展历程中，我国的超声地震模型试验在方法理论、研究实践和工程应用上都得到长足的发展，取得了丰硕的成果，成为我国地球物理学研究中的一个重要组成部分．     

三维激光扫描技术在地质实习中的应用研究

三维激光扫描技术相对于传统的数据采集方式具有更高精度、远距离获取等优势。本文介绍了三维激光扫描技术的工作原理,并结合地质剖面分析了点云数据的采集以及获取的流程,结合生成的地质剖面模型讨论了点云数据在地质剖面分析方面的优势以及存在的问题。     

测绘工程“四重螺旋交互上升式”硬实践体系研究

基于测绘工程专业认证的大背景和应用型高层次专门人才的需求,学生实践能力的培养被提升到了从未有过新高度,设置完善的实践教学体系迫在眉睫。为了克服"重理论、轻实践"的软人才培养理念,文中结合测绘工程专业认证标准,提出"4+5"模式培养目标,并据此构建"四重螺旋交互上升式"硬实践体系,详细阐述该体系内容构成及体系特色,为实现实践能力的本科全过程新常态培养和应用型高层次专门人才的高品质输送提供依据。     

美国海岸海洋管理的法律体系与实践

从四个阶段划分了美国海岸海洋管理的立法过程，阐述了美国海岸海洋管理法律体系的若干特征与存在的问题，并从体制、制度、政策等方面评述了海岸海洋的管理活动，最后分析了美国当前海岸海洋管理立法局长的新趋势。     

Underwater Explosion Treatment of Marine Soft Foundation

The consolidation of soft foundation is a problem that commonly appears in harbor construction engineering on muddy coast. Introduced in this paper is the experimental study on underwater explosion treatment of soft foundation, including the regulations of explosion hollow development and medium movement, the law of similarity of densification and settlement of filled stone mass by shock wave pressure and explosion energy and their construction technologies, etc. A number of projects have been completed by applying this new technique, and the technique itself has been proved practicable.     

Ethnic diversity,scarcity and drinking water: a provocation to rethink provisioning metropolitan mains water

Urban water scarcity in south-east Australia forces us to engage with how our present centralised public utilities are embedded in our everyday lives, amidst uncertain futures. In the last decades, socio-technical approaches have illustrated how the myth of endless main water supply is made possible by cultures of engineering and plumbing. To extend debates about the cultural dimensions of environmental sustainability, this paper takes an ethnographic approach to understand the processes by which Burmese refugees and migrants who lived with water scarcity pre-migration make water potable post-migration to Australia. With a focus on mapping the material, discursive, spatial and emotional relations that enable the provisioning of potable water, the paper brings into conversation Elizabeth Shove's social practice theory with Elspeth Probyn's emplaced formulation of subjectivity. The adaptive provisioning capacities of people whose lives are immersed in cultures of water scarcity point towards a politics and relational ethics of care underpinned by provisioning and first-person contact. To conclude, these grounded Burmese examples provide an opportunity to employ scenario thinking to imagine alternative drinking water futures for south-east Australian cities.     

The effects of tillage induced surface roughness,slope and discharge rate on soil detachment by concentrated flow: An experimental study

Soil erosion in sloping cropland is a key water and soil conservation issue in the Loess Plateau region, China. How surface roughness influences soil detachment remains unclear due to the inconsistent results obtained from existing studies. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of tillage practices on soil detachment rate in sloping cropland and establish an accurate empirical model for the prediction of soil detachment rates. A series of movable bed experiments were conducted on sloping surfaces under three different tillage practices (manual dibbling, manual hoeing, and contour drilling), with a smooth surface (non-tillage) as a control. The research indicated that soil detachment rate significantly increased with roughness (p < 0.05) since the average soil detachment rate was the highest under the contour drilling treatment (6.762 g m⁻² s⁻¹), followed by manual hoeing (4.180 g m⁻² s⁻¹), and manual dibbling (3.334 g m⁻² s⁻¹); the lowest detachment rate was observed under the non-tillage treatment (3.214 g m⁻² s⁻¹). Slope gradient and unit discharge rate were positively correlated with soil detachment rate and proved to be more influential than soil surface roughness. Four composite hydraulic parameters were introduced to estimate soil detachment rate on tilled surfaces. Regression analyses revealed that stream power was the most effective predictor of soil detachment rate compared with unit length shear force, shear stress, and unit stream power. By integrating surface roughness as a variable, the detachment rate could be accurately described as a nonlinear function of stream power and surface roughness. The results of the present study indicate that tillage practice could influence soil loss on sloping cropland, considering the higher soil detachment rates under all tillage practices tested compared with non-tillage. The results are attributed mainly to concentrated flow caused by the high water storage levels on tilled surfaces, which could damage surface microtopography and, subsequently, the development of headcuts.