市政热力地下管线图制作及使用

为了配合热力工程规划设计的需求,需要制作市政热力综合地下管线图。市政热力综合地下管线图除具备与其它管线综合图类似的要求、符合测绘行业规范要求外,还因市政热力行业特点决定其在制作流程、使用等方面具有特殊性。本文介绍了市政热力地下管线图的制作流程,并对市政热力综合地下管线图制作的质量管理和特殊要求进行了说明。     

用向量法求矿脉产状

对板状似板状的矿脉,依据控制顶板（或底板）三个点的坐标,求出其所在平面的方程,该平面与水平的交线和Ｘ轴夹角即矿脉走向,平面与水平的夹角即为矿脉倾角,文末给出实例及计算程序。     

基于ERDAS8．7LPS模块正射影像图的制作

LPS模块是ERDAS公司与Leica公司在原有的IMAGINE OrthoBase基础上进行改进后的产品。LPS将正射的过程进行了流水线式的梳理。本文以航空遥感所获得的数字图像为例，介绍了应用LPS模块进行数字图像正射校正处理的操作流程，并指出制作过程中的注意事项，以期对航空正射影像图的制作具有一定的借鉴作用。     

用脊回法反演重力异常的多层密度及其界面

将研究区域划分成具有固定宽度的矩形网格，以网格密度和厚度作为模型参数，在此基础上形成重力异常的反演目标函数，计算出对模型参数的偏导数矩阵，然后采用脊回归法对重力异常进行反演而同时得到密度及其界面。以此方法对理论模型进行了反演试验。     

基于ERDAS 8.7 LPS模块正射影像图的制作

LPS模块是ERDAS公司与Leica公司在原有的IMAGINE OrthoBase基础上进行改进后的产品。LPS将正射的过程进行了流水线式的梳理。本文以航空遥感所获得的数字图像为例,介绍了应用LPS模块进行数字图像正射校正处理的操作流程,并指出制作过程中的注意事项,以期对航空正射影像图的制作具有一定的借鉴作用。     

Sediment load calculations from point measurements in sand-bed rivers

Point velocity and suspended sediment concentration measurements are used to calculate the total sediment discharge in sand-bed rivers.Calculations with the Series Expansion of the Modified Einstein Point Procedure(SEMEPP) depend on grain diameter d_s and settling velocity ω,flow depth h,shear velocity u*,and sampling depth h_p.This procedure extends the applicability of the Modified Einstein Procedure(MEP) by using point sediment concentration and velocity measurements.This procedure is tested using the laboratory data from Coleman,and field measurements from the Enoree,Middle Rio Grande and Mississippi Rivers.Based on 801 point measurements over 124 verticals at flow depths ranging from 0.17 m to 33.5 m and sediment concentrations less than 0.1 kg L~(-1),the accuracy of the calculations depends on u*/ω and h_p/d_s.Point measurement techniques like SEMEPP are well-suited when u*/ω 5 where at least 60%of the total sediment load is measured when 90%of the flow depth is sampled.The determination of sediment discharge from point measurements is most accurate in deep rivers when h_p/d_s 10.000.and u*/ω10.Point measurements are not well-suited for shallow rivers and laboratory flumes where h 0.5 m and when u*/ω 2.     

Maritime archaeology and identification of historic shipwrecks: A legal perspective

Identifying the name of a historic shipwreck is often a primary issue that a court needs to address when deciding salvage claims over the shipwreck. Based upon case studies and doctrinal analysis, this paper explores four key issues in the identification process: the imbalance of information between salvage companies and other interested parties; standard of proof for identification; no distinction between direct and circumstantial evidence; and misidentification and correction. This paper argues that the current U.S. federal civil (admiralty) procedure law has loopholes for misidentification of shipwrecks. This paper proposes that (1) although salvage companies may hesitate to release names of shipwrecks, other interested parties can use the heightened pleading rule and broad discovery to compel salvage companies to release information on the names of shipwrecks; (2) the clear and convincing evidence standard, instead of the preponderance of the evidence standard, should be applied to identify historic shipwrecks; (3) courts should ensure ongoing public disclosure of archaeology archives regarding identities of historic shipwrecks; and (4) courts may sua sponte retain maritime archaeologists to conduct peer review of evidence regarding identities of historic shipwrecks.     

Vergleich ausgewählter Elutionsverfahren zur Beurteilung der Mobilität von Metallen

Comparison of Selected Elution Procedures for the Valuation of the Mobility of Metals from Sediment and Sewage Sludge Several methods of extraction are generally used to evaluate environmental or ecological toxicity and deposition of waste material. In this paper, the application of the German standard methods DIN 38414-S7, DIN 38414-S4, pH_stat method, “Schweizer method” (elution test, Switzerland), and some variants of the pH_stat method on two very different samples are described. A rudimental sediment and a municipal sewage sludge are chosen as sample materials. The metal contents of extract solutions are determined by ICP-OES. The results of the DIN-S4 extractions depend definitely on the mechanic way of movement, i.e. the amount of heavy metals which are mobilized out of the samples differs considerably. In fact, DIN-S7 in combination with DIN-S4 is not sufficient to estimate the mobility of heavy metals. Solid samples should only be evaluated by applying a combination of several methods of extraction. The usefulness of the pH_stat method for an evaluation is discussed.     

贵州省避暑旅游流网络结构特征及其影响因素

气候环境对人类行为具有重要影响,在全球变暖和城市热岛效应不断加剧的背景下,避暑旅游已经成为全球旅游者夏季出行的重要选择。贵州省作为中国国内主要的避暑旅游目的地之一,针对避暑旅游流网络特征及影响因素的研究尚未开展。本研究通过对贵州省避暑旅游现象长期的跟踪调查,获取2015—2019年间有效避暑旅游流线路数据2177条,运用复杂网络、GIS空间分析、QAP回归分析等方法,对避暑旅游流网络结构特征和影响因素进行研究。结果表明：① 避暑旅游流网络规模大、密度低,集聚特征明显,网络发育不完善,具有显著的“核心-边缘”结构,核心城市和景区分别呈“板块”和“点轴”状分布,旅游流线路具有“基营”和“环线”式结构特征。② 交通中心城市和核心景区是避暑旅游流的集散中心,贵阳在整体网络中具有突出优势和无法替代的地位,避暑旅游城市和景区在空间上相互交织,形成“贵（阳）安（顺）-荔波-凯（里）镇（远）”的“▽”空间结构。③ 避暑旅游流空间分布受气候舒适度、空间邻近性、旅游资源禀赋、接待服务能力和交通便捷程度等因素共同影响。最后,从区域旅游协调发展、旅游统计数据改革、网络空间结构优化等方面,对贵州省避暑旅游高质量发展提供了对策建议。     

Measuring bedload in gravel-bed mountain rivers: averaging methods and sampling strategies

A dataset of more than 1,000 individual bedload samples coupled with hydraulic flow variables (water depth and velocity) was collected on two high mountain rivers the torrent de Saint Pierre, a proglacial gravel-bed river in the French Alps, in July 2002 and the Urumqi River, in the Chinese Tianshan mountains during summer 2005 and 2006.

Analysis of the dataset leads to question the usual section averaged sampling procedure of bedload using Helley-Smith type bedload sampler. It is shown that this procedure is inadequate to catch the full range of flow conditions. Comparison between moving averages on individual datasets and section averages furthermore show that this technique can lead to significantly different rating curves with predictions differing by more than an order of magnitude. Single point sampling is shown to be much more adequate than multiple point sampling and section averaging provided the dataset is sufficiently large.