城市地震灾害与防震减灾对策

综合有关资料显示,地震灾害造成城市人员重大伤亡,经济损失惨重,是毁城之首。城市震灾具有许多特点,是防震减灾的重中之重,提出了城市的综合防震减灾对策,可减轻未来震灾损失,促进社会的稳定和可持续发展。     

吉林省对外开放先导战略研究

本文为软科学项目研究的综合报告书。文章着重阐述了省区经济为什么要实行开放,开放什么,“开放”与省区经济发展的关系等基本认识。针对政府的需要,文章提出了实施工作的目标、原则和战略措施,也提出了一套政策建议     

滇东北山区土地资源开发利用战略Ⅱ.战略方针、目标、方案及措施

根据国家有关法规、政策并结合滇东北山区实际,确定了本区土地利用的指导思想、战略方针和目标,制定了１９９７～２０３０年土地利用结构调整方案,提出了土地资源开发利用的战略措施。     

Maximum Entropy Density Determination for the Earth and Terrestrial Planets

The maximum entropy principle of the information theory gives rise to a general regularization strategy for ill-posed inverse problems. The methods based on this principle have become standard in various branches of engineering sciences. Of course, ill-posed problems frequently appear in Earth sciences, too. Nonetheless, the concept of maximum entropy is not very popular here. Therefore, we review the basic approaches employing the principle of maximum entropy in one way or another. We can distinguish at least three different approaches, partly yielding coincident results. One possible area of application is the determination of Earth and planetary models, although the paper cannot treat this in its practical complexity. Most of the discussion is restricted to the determination of the Earth's mass density function from various sources of data. Three sample problems are solved using the principle of maximum entropy: a spherical and an ellipsoidal problem related to the Earth and an ellipsoidal problem related to Mars. This illustrates the numerical procedure, which is non-trivial in many cases. It also shows some results, partly compared to standard solutions. The pros and cons of the approaches are discussed.     

Hydrobios and Control of Eutrophication in Dongping Lake, Shandong Province

The Hydrobios in Dongping Lake, Shandong Province, mainly includes phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic animals, fishes and hydrophytic vascular plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the restrictive factors for the growth and propagation of hydrophyta, therefore the key to the prevention and control of eutrophication in lakes lies in the control of the contents of the two elements in the water. Artificial fishing of algae can reduce the concentrations of trophic substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies, and biological measures may decrease the contents of these trophic substances in the bottom sediments and the water bodies, thereby playing an active role in modifying the eutrophication of the lake.     

90年代我国地区经济技术合作政策框架

促进地区经济技术合作政策在我国９０年代的宏观区域政策体系中占有重要地位。文章旨在明确勾勒这一国家重要政策的基本框架,以期为认识其合理性和可行性建立良好出发点。在总结分析宏观区域前景的基础上,首先对国家促进地区经济合作政策的宏观目标及其配套的政策手段进行评述,然后对地方政府的响应态度和配合措施方式进行简要回顾总结,并对有关这一政策的学术观战和主要争议进行归纳分析。     

高地应力破碎软岩巷道底臌特性及综合控制对策研究

高地应力破碎软岩巷道底臌问题,由于其地质条件的复杂性,是煤矿开采的技术难题之一。通过总结分析高地应力破碎软岩巷道底臌的变形破坏特性,研究了底臌治理对策。研究结果表明,底板围岩呈现出挤压剪切流变特性,在支护对策上应将支护体系视为完整体系,在加强修复固结、应力转移和扩大承载圈的同时强调调动帮、顶部的间接控制作用。提出了以底板超挖、高强度预应力锚索、深孔注浆、底脚、拱角锚杆和回填为技术支撑的综合治理对策,通过FLAC3D建立的三维数值分析模型,分析了在综合治理对策下围岩位移场及塑性区的变化,验证了该方法的有效性。将综合治理对策应用到淮南潘二煤矿东二采区主要大巷,取得了良好的支护效果。     

哈纳斯自然保护区生态旅游研究

自然保护区旅游开发应保证保护区内的动植物及其生态环境和原始性和景观的完整性,核心区内应禁止旅游开发;缓冲区的旅游开发,首先要进行环境容量测算,确定合理的旅游客规模,对生物,自然景观及当地原始的人文景观进行严格保护,对旅游造成的各种污染进行和清理,确保自然保护区的持续发展。     

地热对井运行系统中回灌井堵塞原因浅析及预防措施

人工回灌做为提高地热资源利用率、防止地面沉降、减少尾水排放、实现地热资源的可持续利用的最有效手段,已在地学界达成共识。基岩岩溶裂隙型热储对井回灌取得的良好效果使人们看到了回灌技术的广阔应用前景,但有些热储尤其是孔隙型热储回灌量的衰减问题一直未能得到彻底解决,各种因素引起的堵塞是主要原因。本文根据天津市历年的回灌试验,就造成地热回灌堵塞的多种原因进行了分析,并提出了可能的解决办法。     

Russia's 2020 GHG emissions target: Emission trends and implementation

This article provides an overview of the recent modelling results on Russia's GHG emission trends, and reviews the success of mitigation policies in order to establish whether Russia's domestic target seems feasible. Various Russian GHG emission scenarios indicate that Russia's domestic target – emissions 25% below the 1990 level by 2020 – is not far from the business-as-usual emissions trajectory. In particular, two factors could deliver the required emissions reductions: the currently declining gross domestic product (GDP) growth and ongoing domestic mitigation policies. The former is more likely to secure the target level of emissions, because GDP growth has been contracting significantly in comparison to earlier forecasts of 3–5% annual growth, and this trend is expected to continue. The latter option – success with domestic mitigation measures – seems less likely, given the various meta-barriers to policy implementation, and the marginality of mitigation policies, problems with law-making processes, bureaucratic tradition, and informality of legislative and implementation systems.

Policy relevance

This article provides an assessment of the stringency of Russia's domestically set emissions limitation target by 2020 and the chances of Russia, the fourth largest GHG emitter in the world, achieving it. We base our assessment on a number of recent key sources that analyse Russia's GHG emission paths by applying socio-economic models, which have only been available in the Russian language prior to this publication. This knowledge is applicable for use by other negotiation parties to compare Russia's efforts to mitigate climate change to their own, and thus makes a contribution to facilitating a more equal burden-sharing of climate commitments under the future climate change agreement.