A revised dynamic model for suspended particulate matter (SPM) in coastal areas

This paper presents a general, process-based model for suspended particulate matter (SPM) in defined coastal areas (the ecosystem scale). The model is based on ordinary differential equations and the calculation time (dt) is 1 month to reflect seasonal variations. The model has been tested using data from 17 Baltic coastal areas of different character and shown to predict mean monthly SPM-concentrations in water and Secchi depth (a measure of water clarity) very well (generally within the uncertainty bands given by the empirical data). The model is based on processes regulating inflow, outflow and internal fluxes. The separation between the surface-water layer and the deep-water layer is not done in the traditional manner from water temperature data but from sedimentological criteria (from the wave base which regulates where wind/wave-induced resuspension occurs). The model calculates the primary production of SPM (within the coastal areas), resuspension, sedimentation, mixing, mineralization and retention of SPM. The SPM-model is simple to apply in practice since all driving variables may be readily accessed from maps or regular monitoring programs. The model has also been extensively tested by means of sensitivity and uncertainty tests and the most important factor regulating model predictions of SPM-concentrations in coastal water is generally the value used for the SPM-concentration in the sea outside the given coastal area. The obligatory driving variables include four morphometric parameters (coastal area, section area, mean and maximum depth), latitude (to predict surface water and deep water temperatures, stratification and mixing), salinity, chlorophyll and the Secchi depth or SPM-concentration in the sea outside the given coastal area. Many of the structures in the model are general and could potentially be used for coastal areas other than those included in this study, e.g., for open coasts, estuaries or areas influenced by tidal variations.     

Reliability assessment of mooring lines for floating structures considering statistical parameter uncertainties

This work focuses on the effect of parameter uncertainty on the reliability index and on the predictive reliability of mooring lines for floating structures under loading from extreme sea-states. A first-order analytic formulation is developed which takes into consideration uncertain parameters in the statistical models of the maximum dynamic tension and the breaking resistance of the mooring lines. Expressions are derived for the mean and the variance of the reliability index in terms of the mean values and the covariance matrix of the uncertain parameters, and of the sensitivity of the reliability index to the uncertain parameters. The predictive reliability index is expressed in terms of the mean and the variance of the reliability index. The formulation is applied to case studies of catenary and taut-leg mooring lines of an offshore structure and the relative effects of the sources of statistical uncertainty are assessed. The case studies demonstrated the applicability and capability of the formulation to capture and represent the relative contributions of the different sources of uncertainty on the predictive reliability and predictive failure probability, as well as on the statistics of the uncertain reliability index.     

地图符号游程编码表达及其应用

地图符号化将抽象的空间数据转换为可见的地图,其结果以栅格结构存储,进行地图输出时受限于栅格数据量.压缩符号化后的栅格数据来降低计算机资源开销是提高地图输出效率的一种有效途径,据此本文提出利用游程编码表达地图符号的方法,建立面向符号的游程编码数据结构,利用直接的游程运算取代栅格运算来完成地图的各种操作,并在此基础上完成地图输出.该方法减少了数据冗余,直接的游程运算提高了运算粒度,可以满足高分辨率地图输出对处理效率和内存开销的要求.     

一种改进条码尺编码的闸门开度测量方法

闸门开度测量是水工闸门监控最基本的指标之一,传统的闸门开度测量方法测量精度低、测量难度大。为解决测量闸门开度难题,本文研究了基于条码尺图像分析的闸门开度测量方法,针对三周期等间距条码尺编码的缺陷,提出了一种新的编码解码方式进行改进,并建立了一套完整的闸门开度测量检测系统。模拟闸门实时开度试验结果表明,本系统能够实时全自动测量闸门开度信息,测量精度高,稳定性强,表明改进后方法能够取得较好的闸门开度测量效果,为实际闸门开度工程测量提供了有效的解决思路。     

地名地址数据采集与建库的方法及实现

结合济宁市基础地理信息数据整合及地名地址数据库建设项目介绍了地名地址数据采集方法,并利用先进的自主开发软件程序完成了数据编辑、入库等工作,解决了数据转换、入库数据丢失和错漏的问题,实现了无损转换和无缝衔接,提高了工作效率,为其他地区开展地名地址数据采集和建库工作积累了经验,提供了参考。     

海洋遥感 L3A 数据的优化行程及其组合无损压缩算法研究

在比较研究常见的多种无损压缩算法的基础上,进一步研究了符合遥感应用的压缩技术.结合海洋遥感L3A 数据产品的特点,提出了一种基于优化行程编码的无损压缩算法以及该算法与哈夫曼编码相结合的组合压缩算法,可应用于 MODIS、NOAA、HY 等国内外多种卫星的 L3级原始数据文件的压缩.通过9种无损压缩算法的对比实验,结果表明,该算法与其它通用的压缩方法或工具相比,具有最小的时空积,即在压缩时间和空间上具一定的综合优势,且更加高效地传输、存储和共享海量的卫星遥感图像或数据     

点状地图符号统一编码的研究

地图符号数据的开放模型和统一描述编码是地图符号共享的重要基础,针对点状地图符号共享与操作研究滞后这一现状,在分析国内外GIS软件的点状符号编辑模块基础上,设计了点状地图符号的开放数据模型,提出了点状地图符号的统一编码描述准则,建立了基于Xml-Schema的点状地图符号的统一编码规范,最后进行了基于该编码规范的点状地图符号共享实验,验证了遵循统一的编码规范,有利于实现点状地图符号的共享与互操作。     

村镇规划国土GIS数据的组织方法研究

村镇规划国土GIS数据是村镇规划国土信息系统的数据基础,因为其涉及规划、国土、建设等多个行业,数据来源多样、结构复杂,凶此不能简单地照搬城市领域的相关建设经验,而需对其数据组织方法进行深入的研究.本文首先分析了村镇规划国土GIS数据的特点,然后从数据分类编码、数据集成、异构数据融合和数据的专题化管理等几个方面对其进行了探讨研究.其对我国新农村建设中村镇信息的规范化组织有一定的借鉴作用.     

矿产地质志数据模型应用技术研究

为了更好地组织和管理地学数据,快速推广国家标准编码,满足地学成果数据入库要求,需要将采集好的数据进行建模、整理及标准化编码,以达到合理组织入库、更好地利用成果数据库的目的。从全局地学数据入库要求出发,建立全局数据库模型,将地学全局数据模型转换为计算机模型,并在该模型的基础上开发相应功能,实现地学数据的半自动化整理与编码,为快速推广标准编码和地学数据库建设提供支持。     

Explicitly incorporating spatial dependence in predictive vegetation models in the form of explanatory variables: a Mojave Desert case study

Predictive vegetation modeling is defined as predicting the distribution of vegetation across a landscape based upon its relationship with environmental factors. These models generally ignore or attempt to remove spatial dependence in the data. When explicitly included in the model, spatial dependence can increase model accuracy. We develop presence/absence models for 11 vegetation alliances in the Mojave Desert with classification trees and generalized linear models, and use geostatistical interpolation to calculate spatial dependence terms used in the models. Results were mixed across models and methods, but in general, the spatial dependence terms more consistently increased model accuracy for widespread alliances. GLMs had higher accuracy in general.