数字视频加密技术发展现状及展望

对视频加密所涉及到的基本原理和技术、存在的问题和一些重要的方法、当前研究热点及发展趋势等进行了全面介绍和综述;通过分析视频加密方法的特点,指出针对压缩视频数据信源特征而采用的选择性加密技术是未来的主要研究方向。     

磁共振成像的空间编码理论和方法

本文系统地研究了核磁共振成像的基本方法,提出了局部Fourier变换法、射频编码法。在此基础上,作者评述了各种方法的特点和优缺点及其实现方法和技术途径。     

Field evaluation of some sand transport models

Fluorescent tracer procedures, originally developed for research on fluvial sediment movement, were used to monitor the movement of three commercially purchased sands in a natural dune environment. Results were compared with estimates of transport rates from three theoretical models. Estimates from models by Bagnold (1941) and Hsu (1971) were larger by as much as one order of magnitude than the rates observed in the tracer study. The model of A. A. Kadib (1965) provided closer correspondence to observed transport rates for medium sand (mean diam. 0.653 mm) but underestimated rates for coarse sand (mean diam. 0.992 mm).     

沉积盆地地区地壳结构估计——预测反褶积方法消除接收函数多次波混响

接收函数方法被广泛地应用于地壳上地幔结构的研究中,H-κ叠加方法是其中最常用的方法之一.对于布设在基岩区台站计算的接收函数,H-κ叠加方法可以准确地估计台站下方地壳厚度和平均波速比,但是对于沉积盆地地区计算的接收函数,由于低速沉积层内会产生多次波混响,干扰甚至覆盖接收函数中莫霍面的转换波和多次波震相,从而影响H-κ叠加结果的准确性.为准确估计沉积盆地地区地壳结构,本文提出使用预测反褶积方法去除接收函数中低速沉积层内多次波混响,其中预测步长由接收函数归一化自相关函数获得,物理意义为沉积层内S波双程走时.合成接收函数和实测接收函数试验表明,本文提出的预测反褶积方法可以有效地去除沉积层多次波混响,并结合改进的H-κ叠加方法可以准确地估计沉积层下覆地壳厚度和平均波速比.相比于其他去除接收函数多次波混响的方法,本文提出的预测反褶积方法具有参数设定简单、运算量小、震相幅值较大等特点,适用于大批量数据处理.

     

中国强地震动位移衰减关系的研究

根据断裂力学破裂模式,发现峰值地震动加速度（PGA）、速度（PGV）和位移（PGD）均对构造环境剪应力场量值了τ0有强烈的依赖性．本文把了τ0值定量地引入到PGD的预测方程中,并同时考虑得到了PGD的优势频率fd对震级的依赖性.基于以上两点改进,从理论上寻出了PGD的预测方程（CLB98d）．用观测资料验证了此方程可用于震中距△＝10─250km范围内的Mw＝4─7．2地震．世界不同地区的τ0值会有差异,但对PGD的预测方程影响不大．     

Efficient amplitude encoding least‐squares reverse time migration using cosine basis

Least‐squares reverse time migration provides better imaging result than conventional reverse time migration by reducing the migration artefacts, improving the resolution of the image and balancing the amplitudes of the reflectors. However, it is computationally intensive. To reduce its computational cost, we propose an efficient amplitude encoding least‐squares reverse time migration scheme in the time domain. Although the encoding scheme is effective in increasing the computational efficiency, it also introduces the well‐known crosstalk noise in the gradient that degrades the quality of the imaging result. We analyse the cause of the crosstalk noise using an encoding correlation matrix and then develop two numerical schemes to suppress the crosstalk noise during the inversion process. We test the proposed method with synthetic and field data. Numerical examples show that the proposed scheme can provide better imaging result than reverse time migration, and it also generates images comparable with those from common shot least‐squares reverse time migration but with less computational cost.     

Operational flood control of a low-lying delta system using large time step Model Predictive Control

The safety of low-lying deltas is threatened not only by riverine flooding but by storm-induced coastal flooding as well. For the purpose of flood control, these deltas are mostly protected in a man-made environment, where dikes, dams and other adjustable infrastructures, such as gates, barriers and pumps are widely constructed. Instead of always reinforcing and heightening these structures, it is worth considering making the most of the existing infrastructure to reduce the damage and manage the delta in an operational and overall way. In this study, an advanced real-time control approach, Model Predictive Control, is proposed to operate these structures in the Dutch delta system (the Rhine–Meuse delta). The application covers non-linearity in the dynamic behavior of the water system and the structures. To deal with the non-linearity, a linearization scheme is applied which directly uses the gate height instead of the structure flow as the control variable. Given the fact that MPC needs to compute control actions in real-time, we address issues regarding computational time. A new large time step scheme is proposed in order to save computation time, in which different control variables can have different control time steps. Simulation experiments demonstrate that Model Predictive Control with the large time step setting is able to control a delta system better and much more efficiently than the conventional operational schemes.     

Wave‐equation migration with dithered plane waves

Wave‐equation based shot‐record migration provides accurate images but is computationally expensive because every shot must be migrated separately. Shot‐encoding migration, such as random shot‐encoding or plane‐wave migration, aims to reduce the computational cost of the imaging process by combining the original data into synthesized common‐source gathers. Random shot‐encoding migration and plane‐wave migration have different and complementary features: the first recovers the full spatial bandwidth of the image but introduces strong artefacts, which are due to the interference between the different shot wavefields; the second provides an image with limited spatial detail but is free of crosstalk noise. We design a hybrid scheme that combines linear and random shot‐encoding in order to limit the drawbacks and merge the advantages of these two techniques. We advocate mixed shot‐encoding migration through dithering of plane waves. This approach reduces the crosstalk noise relative to random shot‐encoding migration and increases the spatial bandwidth relative to conventional plane‐wave migration when the take‐off angle is limited to reduce the duration of the plane‐wave gather. In turn, this decreases the migration cost. Migration with dithered plane waves operates as a hybrid encoding scheme in‐between the end members represented by plane‐wave migration and random shot‐encoding. Migration with dithered plane waves has several advantages: every synthesized common‐source gather images in a larger aperture, the crosstalk noise is limited and higher spatial resolution is achievable compared to shot‐record migration, random shot‐encoding and linear shot‐encoding, respectively. Computational cost is also reduced relative to both random and linear shot‐encoding migration since fewer synthesized common‐source gathers are necessary to obtain a high signal‐to‐noise ratio and high spatial resolution in the final image.     

全国夏季降水区域动态权重集成预报试验

根据全国大范围夏季降水趋势分布预报的特点,设计了一种区域动态权重集成预报方案。以多种预报方法对各区域历史预报技巧得分为依据,尤其注重各方法距起报时刻近期的预报技巧,赋予各区域动态归一化权重系数,在区域集成预报的基础上合成全国大范围降水分布预报。1990 ~1998年9年独立样本的试验预报表明,集成预报的预报技巧优于各预报方法预报技巧的平均水平。集成预报在一定程度上改善了预报技巧的不稳定现象。