土工织物加筋体在提高路堤稳定性方面的应用

加筋技术在地基处理过程中的应用已经广泛应用,加筋作用原理、应力传递和加筋作用机理的研究与工程应用已经日趋成熟,就路基填筑的填筑材料特性、路基碾压施工特点及路基的断面形式,结合土工织物的筋材性状,对路基填筑中的加筋技术进行了设计与检算,并且提出了施工坡面防护措施。     

How good is good? Human values and Europe's proposed Marine Strategy Directive

The adoption of the proposed European Marine Strategy Directive is an opportunity for a comprehensive policy for protecting, improving and sustainably using Europe's environmentally degraded seas. It calls for an ecosystem-based approach to management where humans are regarded as a key system component. Although the proposed wording has been the subject of fierce debate, the central policy goal remains achieving "Good Environmental Status". The interpretation of "good" is key to implementation and relates to human values and worldviews. We demonstrate how these vary widely across Europe. Solution of fundamental considerations such as the assignation of reference states, the balance between precautionary and evidence-based action, the degree of subsidiarity, and conservation strategies including marine protected areas, will ultimately depend upon public understanding, involvement in and support for the Directive. The social element, critical to effective adaptive management, requires greater attention within the context of a regional seas geographical framework.     

建筑日照测量仪研制

介绍了建筑日照测量仪的研制原理、设计方案及使用方法.仪器通过显示器观察白天太阳周日圈上遮挡物,由编码器测量每个遮挡物所遮挡的日照时间.由于仪器采用机械装置动态模拟了日地方位角变化关系,从而保证了显示器摄像头始终沿太阳周日圈扫描(仪器专利名称;一种建筑日照测量装置,专利号:201120007301.9).对比检验表明,当采用1000脉冲编码器,通过4倍频,其分辩率为21.6s,误差在1.5 min以内.仪器结构紧凑,设计小巧,使用方便,一次常规测量只需几分钟,大大降低了测量成本,达到了现场实测、直观显示的技术要求.该仪器可用于日照纠纷仲裁,建筑日照以及气象、雷达探测环境遮挡角测量.     

Surface Elevation Distribution of Sea Waves Based on the Maximum Entropy Principle

A probability density function of surface elevation is obtained through improvement of the method introduced by Cieslikiewicz who employed the maximum entropy principle to investigate the surface elevation distribution. The density function can be easily extended to higher order according to demand and is non-negative everywhere, satisfying the basic behavior of the probability. Moreover because the distribution is derived without any assumption about sea waves, it is found from comparison with several accepted distributions that the new form of distribution can be applied in a wider range of wave conditions. In addition, the density function can be used to fit some observed distributions of surface vertical acceleration although something remains unsolved.     

类多变量输出误差系统的耦合多新息辨识方法

辅助模型辨识思想、多新息辨识理论、耦合辨识概念是研究复杂多变量系统辨识的新理念和原理.将它们结合起来研究类多变量输出误差系统的辨识问题,提出了多元辅助模型辨识方法、多元辅助模型多新息辨识方法、变递推间隔多元辅助模型多新息辨识方法.为减小算法的计算量和提高参数估计精度,将系统模型分解为一些子辨识模型,应用辅助模型辨识思想、多新息辨识理论、耦合辨识概念,研究和推导了部分耦合辅助模型辨识方法、部分耦合辅助模型多新息辨识方法.讨论了几个典型辨识算法的计算量,给出了参数估计的计算步骤和计算流程图.     

纹理特征向量与最大化熵法相结合的SAR影像非监督变化检测

合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像具有明显的斑点噪声,在变化检测中,一般需要考虑空间邻域信息。本文结合SAR影像丰富的纹理信息,提出一种考虑空间邻域信息的高分辨率SAR影像非监督变化检测方法,用基于灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)的32维纹理特征向量构造差异影像。通过最大化熵法自动选取阈值,对精度指标随窗口大小的变化进行回归分析,得到适合于变化检测的窗口为11×11。试验表明,本文方法优于马尔科夫随机场法,可以减小斑点噪声的影响,有效提高高分辨率SAR影像变化检测的精度。     

含水量对高含冰量冻结砂土屈服面的影响

Previous researches on yield properties of frozen soil rarely consider the change of water content. However,water content often changes in practical engineering. So a series of triaxial compressive tests are con⁃ ducted on ice-rich frozen silty sands at -5. 0 ℃ to investigate systemically the effect of water content on yield properties and then to establish a relationship between deviatoric stress and shear strain with change of water con⁃ tent. The experimental results show that with water content changing,there are obvious changes in the stress-strain curves,which show that water content has different influence on hardening law in different ranges of water content. So the concrete form about yield function should be determined according to ranges of plastic shear strain（hardening parameter）and water content to make the yield function simple and accurate. When plastic shear strain is within 1. 00%,deviatoric stress always increases with water content. However,with water con⁃ tent increasing,deviatoric stress firstly decreases and then increases when plastic shear strain is beyond 1. 00%. And water content of 42. 0% can be regard as a turning point. The yield function and the increment type relation between deviatoric stress and shear strain have been established with change of water content by segmented hard⁃ ening principle. The testing results show that experimental values are basically consistent with simulated values. So they can be used to predict yield-surfaces and deviatoric stress-shear strain curves at different water contents. © 2019 Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. All rights reserved.     

Objective Analysis on Large-scale Circulation Type and Its Links to Precipitation over China

Atmospheric circulation anomaly is a direct cause of weather and climate change. In the past, most researches for the relationship between Weather Type (WT) and precipitation have mainly focused on the subjective classification and diagnosis. Compared to the subjective analysis, objective classification uses more consistent index and standard unification, thus, we can get more WTs, and it has been widely used in many areas. By using daily 12UTC Sea Level Pressure (SLP), Precipitable Water (PW), and 700 hPa wind speed (UV700) data from ECMWF’s Interim Reanalysis, the classification of WTs over China was performed with the method of obliquely rotated T-mode principle component analysis. WT and its link to precipitation over China were further analyzed. The results show that the influence of different WTs on precipitation is not uniform over China, and also show distinctly difference in different seasons. A common feature is that WTs great impact on the regions and months with large precipitation, while less impact on regions and months have with less precipitation. In addition, precipitation trends originating from WT intensity changes are much more deterministic, significant, and predictable than trends from WT frequency changes.     

中国湖泊综合分类原则、级别划分及分类程序之初探

在略述了国内外湖泊分类研究现状的基础上,探讨了开展我国湖泊综合分类的原则、级别划分以及综合分类所应该遵循的程序。主导因素与综合因素相结合,建立分类的主导标志,是湖泊综合分类系统中高层次分类的关键;区域相似性（相对一致性）与差异性的对比分析是低层次分类的重要环节。在此基础上,还应充分考虑到人类经济活动的方式与强度对湖泊诸自然因素的影响,以便使湖泊综合分类工作既具有理论上的意义,同时又具有实用价值。级     

基于NMM随钻电磁波传输信道特性分析

基于数值模式匹配法(NMM)与源等效原理,建立了随钻电磁波传输理论模型,可以同时考虑介质的径向和轴向非均质性,便于分析套管、泥浆、高导层、高阻层对信号传输的影响.通过理论计算结果与试验结果对比,验证了理论模型的正确性.在此基础上对地层电阻率、工作频率、套管、泥浆、钻柱导电性、高导层和高阻层对信号传输的影响进行了计算分析.