南宁市大气电场雷电预警系统的原理及应用

介绍南宁市大气电场雷电预警系统的原理及运行机制,通过一次成功的雷电预警过程,验证了系统的可用性,同时对系统的使用提出一些建议。     

利用经验模态分解和主成分分析的SAR图像相干斑抑制

对SAR图像应用对数加性噪声模型,将经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition, EMD)与主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis, PCA)相结合,提出了一种基于PCA的EMD相干斑抑制算法。根据对数SAR图像中相干斑噪声的统计特性和高斯白噪声经EMD分解后的能量分布模型,近似估算SAR图像经EMD分解后各层内蕴模态函数中所含噪声的能量;将内蕴模态函数利用PCA进行分解,根据PCA对含噪信号的分解特性和内蕴模态函数中噪声能量所占的比例,选择合适的成分分量重构内蕴模态函数,以进一步去除噪声保留有用的细节信息。仿真实验结果表明,本文方法在有效抑制相干斑噪声的同时可以较好地保持边缘纹理细节的清晰。     

交通图表达模式和表示方法设计

结合河南省交通图的设计与制作,重点对交通图的表达模式和表示方法等相关技术问题进行研究。提出交通图新的表达模式和表示方法,设计了新的交通图符号,并叠加在地貌晕渲上,突出了交通要素和重要通道。在此基础上对交通图插图的样式以及图面的整体配置进行试验研究,为今后交通图的设计与制作提供借鉴和参考。     

CINRAD/SC天气雷达伺服系统故障分析

分析了临沂新一代天气雷达伺服系统的工作原理,在此基础上对近几年伺服系统出现的故障进行分析,并结合故障实例给出伺服系统的故障排除方法。特别是对2009年全运会期间一次伺服系统故障进行了详细分析并介绍了排除过程,为今后新一代天气雷达的维护维修提供参考。     

基于MATLAB的主成分RBF神经网络降水预报模型

以前期500 hPa高度场、海温场为预报因子,采用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络与主成分分析相结合的方法,建立了广西中部5月平均降水预报模型。在5年独立样本的预测检验中,预测的平均相对误差、均方误差及平均绝对误差分别为18.12%、50.52和34.23。对比分析RBF神经网络与BP(Back Propagation)神经网络的预测结果,表明RBF神经网络预测结果更准确、精度更高。     

含水量对高含冰量冻结砂土屈服面的影响

以往关于冻土屈服特性的研究很少考虑含水量的影响,但实际工程中经常遇到的是变含水量情况,因此本文通过-5.0℃条件下高含冰量冻结砂土的一系列三轴压缩试验,系统地研究了含水量对屈服特性的影响,并且由此建立了带有含水量参数的偏应力-剪应变增量型关系式。试验结果表明：随含水量的变化,应力-应变曲线类型有明显变化,即在不同的含水量区间,含水量对硬化规律有不同的影响特性,因此为了使屈服函数的形式更加简单和提高拟合准确度,对于屈服函数的具体形式应该根据塑性剪应变（硬化参数）和含水量不同区间进行分别确定;当塑性剪应变较小时（0.00%~1.00%）,随含水量的增大,偏应力逐渐增加,而当塑性剪应变较大时（大于1.00%）,随含水量的增大,偏应力有一个先减小后增大的变化过程,并且42.0%可以作为含水量转折点;通过分段硬化原则建立的带有含水量参数的屈服函数与偏应力-剪应变的增量型关系式的模拟值与试验点基本相吻合,这说明得到的屈服函数与偏应力-剪应变的增量型关系式可以用于不同含水量条件下屈服面和偏应力-剪应变曲线的预测。     

A New Fracability Evaluation Approach for Shale Reservoirs Based on Multivariate Analysis: A Case Study in Zhaotong Shale Gas Demonstration Zone in Sichuan,China

Fracability characterizes the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing. The existing assessment methods cannot reflect the actual value of the effectiveness due to a lack of comprehensive consideration and neglect of the influences of engineering factors. This study aims to solve this problem by implementing geological static data and production dynamic data in multivariate analysis in Zhaotong shale gas demonstration zone. First, the reservoir quality index (RQI) was introduced to evaluate the exploration potential by integrating the geological parameters with gray relational analysis. Moreover, the differences in fracturing fluid types and proppant sizes were considered, and the operating parameters were normalized on the basis of the equivalence principle. Finally, the general reservoir fracability index (GRFI) was proposed based on a dimensioned processing of the various parameters. A case study was conducted to verify the accuracy and feasibility of this new approach. The results demonstrate that (1) the organic carbon and gas content are adjusted to contribute the most to the calculation of the RQI, while the effective porosity contributes the least; (2) the fracturing scale is the main operating parameter determining the fracability, which has the strongest correlation with the effectiveness of fracking; and (3) the GRFI has a positive correlation with shale gas production, and the lower limit of the GRFI of 2,000 corresponds to a daily production of 50,000 m3/d; this value is defined as the threshold value of a stripper well. The GRFI is consistent with the productivity trend of shale gas wells in the research block, which suggests that the new model is accurate and practical for well candidate selection.     

非饱和土壤水流方程的极值原理

讨论了非饱和土壤水流问题及其数值计算方案的极值原理,在理论上证明了连续问题及其数值格式均满足极值原理,即在一定的条件下,预报变量的最大值和最小值只能在边界上达到,从而描述了特定的物理性质.这些问题在讨论入渗、蒸发问题的研究中是重要的.     

Integration of Penman approach with complementary principle for evaporation research

Natural evaporation occurs with water transportation from an unsaturated land surface into an unsaturated atmosphere. The subprocesses at the land surface and in the atmosphere are one‐sidedly emphasized in the Penman approach and the complementary principle, in which the ratio of actual evaporation to the Penman potential evaporation is expressed as a function of the wetness state of the land surface and the atmosphere, respectively. The Penman approach and complementary principle can be integrated for completely conceptualizing the evaporation process, by expressing the evaporation ratio as a function of both the land surface and atmospheric wetness. The integrated approach has the potential to increase the accuracy of evaporation estimation while reducing the burdens of parameterization.     

基于车载LiDAR点云的地物分类方法的研究

基于点云分类常用的近邻聚类法和物体表面分割等方法,本文提出了一种基于最大网格密度的近邻聚类的方法。该方法首先对原始点云进行低点提取,设置格网的大小,在此基础上对点云数据进行去噪并进行主成分分析,再对点云空间进行均匀格网化,使具有最大密度的格网为聚类中心,加入高程、强度以及法向量等特征对分割后的点云实现了不同地物的分类,提高了运算效率,降低了错分率。