大兴安岭中北段原岩锆石U-Pb测年及其与区域构造演化关系

作者认为单个锆石的同位素年龄记录了所在区域单次构造、岩浆或变质事件活动的时间,不同来源的大量原岩单颗粒锆石的测年数据则可以反映研究区总体构造演化历史。本文对近年来在大兴安岭中北段自测和收集的123件原岩样品的2636个锆石U-Pb测年点的同位素年龄进行统计,结果显示研究区的锆石年龄数据总体上出现840~780Ma, 530~440Ma, 330~280Ma, 240~190Ma,180~160Ma和150~120Ma等多个明显高峰值区间和>840Ma, 770~540Ma和440~400Ma三个相对数据较少的空白地段,且岩浆结晶锆石、变质锆石、继承性锆石等不同成因类型的锆石的年龄统计分布有良好的对应性。年龄数据的高峰值区间与该地区基底形成、陆壳生长、主要板块或微板块俯冲、碰撞、拼贴等主要构造事件时间吻合;而年龄空白区间则与主要的洋底扩张、被动陆缘时代相吻合。研究说明大量原岩锆石的测年数据与河流碎屑锆石同位素年代学一样,可以用于研究物源区的地壳生长和构造演化历史。综合大兴安岭中北段大量单颗粒锆石的同位素年代学、岩石组合和构造特征研究,说明该地区经历了古元古代基底形成、新元古代陆壳生长、新元古代末期板块裂解,古生代期间古陆块间的俯冲、拉张、拼贴碰撞,早中生代碰撞造山、晚中生代造山后伸展垮塌、大陆边缘弧后伸展等复杂的构造演化历史;同时表明蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋在早中生代时期(晚三叠世)即已碰撞造山,大兴安岭中北段及额尔古纳地区发育大量与碰撞有关的花岗岩、混合岩及碰撞后伸展跨塌有关的构造和岩石产物(盆岭构造、滑脱构造、变质核杂岩、陆相双峰式火山岩和多金属成矿等),这对于重新认识研究区中生代多金属成矿的地球动力学背景提供了新的依据。     

Mineralization,geochronology, and Pb isotope studies of the shoshonitic lava-hosted Nariniya Pb deposit,central Tibet: linking ore formation to post-collisional potassic magmatism

Abstract

A newly discovered, shoshonitic lava-hosted Pb deposit at Nariniya in central Tibet provides an excellent example to help improve our understanding of the linkage between post-collisional potassic magmatism and ore formation in Tibet. The Pb ores exist as veins or veinlets in NWW-striking fracture zones within the potassic lava (trachyte). The veins contain quartz, galena, pyrite, and sericite (muscovite) as well as minor chalcopyrite, sphalerite, calcite, and dolomite with sericitization, pyritization, and minor silicification. The ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar plateau age of the hydrothermal muscovite is 37.95 ± 0.30 Ma, which represents the Pb mineralization age. This obtained age is indistinguishable, within analytical error, from the zircon U–Pb age of 37.88 ± 0.22 Ma for potassic lava. Therefore, the ore formation can be genetically linked to potassic magmatism. Galena has similar Pb isotopic composition to magmatic feldspar from the host lava, suggesting the derivation of Pb from the magmatic system. Previous studies have suggested that S- and ore-forming fluids are of magmatic origin. Published data show that the Nariniya volcanic rocks are acidic, shoshonitic, akakitic, peraluminous, and enriched in Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes. Thus, they are geochemically different from other potassic volcanic rocks (no adakitic affinity) in the North Qiangtang terrane, but similar to the 46–38 Ma high-K calc-alkaline peraluminous adakitic rocks in this terrane and the late Eocene Cu-generating potassic porphyries from the Sanjiang region of eastern Tibet. As such, the Nariniya potassic magma likely originated from melting of subducted continental crust, with or without interaction with the overlying enriched mantle. Such post-collisional potassic rocks in Tibet are thought to be potential targets for prospecting of both Pb–Zn and porphyry Cu ores. Note that other ore styles (in addition to the Nariniya ore style) may exist in the potassic volcanic districts of Tibet.     

西南天山科桑溶洞新元古代-早奥陶世花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究

在新疆西南天山科桑溶洞地区,新厘定出一套斜长角闪岩-花岗岩地质单元:侵入斜长角闪岩中的新元古代白云母花岗岩(片麻状构造)、以及侵入上述古老岩石单元的早奥陶世花岗岩(块状构造)。片麻状白云母花岗岩中锆石具有热液锆石边、岩浆锆石幔和碎屑锆石核(边-幔-核结构),剔除被热液锆石和碎屑锆石混染的SHRIMP测点,获得岩浆锆石幔的加权平均年龄752.3±5.1Ma(MSWD=0.95),代表岩浆的结晶年龄。块状花岗岩的锆石具有边-核结构,热液锆石边的U-Pb年龄(419.5±5.7Ma)明显偏低。剔除热液锆石和碎屑锆石,获得岩浆锆石的平均U-Pb年龄481.1±4.4Ma(MSWD=0.88),代表花岗岩的结晶年龄。早奥陶世早期,岩浆侵入新元古代片麻状白云母花岗岩中。在晚志留世或者更晚时期,两类花岗岩共同经受了变质热液改造,变质流体交代岩浆锆石,导致锆石溶蚀再生长。     

Mesozoic collision-related magmatism and crust–mantle interaction along the Anhui segment of the Yangtze River Valley,east-central China

The middle segment of the Yangtze River Deep Fault Belt, located in the foreland of the Dabie orogen, contains widely exposed volcanic–intrusive complexes that formed during two episodes of magmatism (post-collisional and post-orogenic), reflecting crust–mantle interactions during the Late Jurassic (J₃) to Early Cretaceous (K₁). This article summarizes research on the Mesozoic igneous suites and xenolith suites in the area along the Yangtze River. ‘Post-collisional magmatism’ occurred during lithospheric extension at ～145–130 Ma. Its beginning and end are marked by gabbroic xenoliths and pyroxene cumulates within intrusions at Tongling, and by alkali-rich magmatic rocks. The association includes peraluminous silicic rocks and metaluminous mafic–felsic igneous suites, ranging from medium-K to high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic compositions. Taking the Tongling region as an example, quartz monzodiorite yields a sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon U–Pb age of 139.5 ± 2.9 Ma, and granodiorite yields an age of 135.5 ± 4.4 Ma. These intrusive rocks contain 52.79–66.46 wt.% SiO₂, 13.12–17.73 wt.% Al₂O₃, 1.37–4.62 wt.% MgO, 3.86–6.84 wt.% FeO^T, and 4.71–7.87 wt.% total alkalis (Na₂O?+?K₂O). ACNK values range from 0.62 to 1.20, and ANK values from 1.45 to 3.48. ‘Post-orogenic magmatism’ occurred during lithospheric delamination at ～130–120 Ma. The start of magmatism was marked by the formation of gabbro containing spinel lherzolite xenoliths in the Nanjing–Wuhu Basin (NWB), and its end was marked by the generation of feldspathoid phenocryst-bearing phonolite in the NWB and the Lujiang–Zongyang Basin (LZB), respectively. The association that formed during this episode ranges from alkaline to peralkaline. Taking the Niangniangshan Formation in the NWB as an example, the Nosite phonolite yields a whole-rock monomineral Rb–Sr isochron age of 120 ± 9 Ma, and contains 49.92–60.09 wt.% SiO₂, 17.67–20.65 wt.% Al₂O₃, 0.08–2.45 wt.% MgO, 1.32–6.62 wt.% FeO^T, and 9.24–13.92 wt.% total alkalis (Na₂O?+?K₂O). ACNK values range from 0.72 to 1.24, and ANK values from 1.03 to 1.35.

The two magmatisms correspond to two episodes of crust–mantle interaction. The first involved intensive interaction between middle–lower crust and underplated basaltic magma derived from the upper mantle lithosphere, whereas the second involved minor interaction between the middle–lower crust and basaltic magma derived from the lower lithospheric mantle.     

Deciphering the geochronology of a large granitoid pluton (Karkonosze Granite,SW Poland): an assessment of U–Pb zircon SIMS and Rb–Sr whole-rock dates relative to U–Pb zircon CA-ID-TIMS

Granitoid plutons are often difficult to radiometrically date precisely due to the possible effects of protracted and complex magmatic evolution, crustal inheritance, and/or partial re-setting of radiogenic clocks. However, apart from natural/geological issues, methodological and analytical problems may also contribute to blurring geochronological data. This may be exemplified by the Variscan Karkonosze Pluton (SW Poland). High-precision chemical abrasion (CA) ID-TIMS zircon data indicate that the two main rock types, porphyritic and equigranular, of this igneous body were both emplaced at ca. 312 Ma, while field evidence points to a younger age for the latter. This is in contrast to the earlier reported SIMS (SHRIMP) zircon dates that scattered mainly between ca. 322 and 302 Ma. In an attempt to overcome this dispersion, at least in part caused by radiogenic lead loss, the CA technique was used before SHRIMP analysis. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age obtained in this way from a sample of porphyritic granite is 322 ± 3 Ma, ~16 Ma older than the untreated zircons; another porphyritic sample yielded a mean age of 319 ± 3 Ma, and the mean age was 318 ± 4 Ma for an equigranular granite sample – all three somewhat older than the age obtained by ID-TIMS. Older SIMS dates of ca. 318–322 Ma might indicate either faint inheritance or that zircon domains crystallized during earlier stages of Karkonosze igneous evolution. The ID-TIMS results have been used to re-assess the whole-rock Rb–Sr data. Excluding a porphyritic granite with excess radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr, it appears that isotopic homogeneity was achieved for most samples during the 312 Ma event, as shown by a pooled 21-point isochron with an age of 311 ± 3 Ma and an initial ⁸⁶Sr/⁸⁶Sr of 0.7067 ± 4. Local crustal contamination by stopping of metapelitic material might account for the more radiogenic Sr isotope signature observed in biotite-rich schlieren. A critical re-evaluation of all available SHRIMP data using the ID-TIMS age of 312 Ma as a benchmark suggests that the observed scatter may be partly attributed to analytical and methodological problems, in particular failing to distinguish subtly discordant spots from truly concordant ones, which is a serious limitation of the microbeam analytical approach. Other likely pitfalls contributing to geochronological scatter are identified in the published Re–Os ages on molybdenite and the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar data on micas. A scenario postulating a 15–20 milliion year evolution of the Karkonosze Pluton cannot be established on the basis of available geochronological data, which rather supports a brief igneous event, although a more protracted pre-emplacement evolution is possible. A short timescale for crystallization of large igneous bodies, as suggested by the ID-TIMS data from the Karkonosze Granite, is in line with models of transport of granitic magmas through dikes to form large plutons.     

中国南天山晚石炭世—早二叠世花岗质侵入岩的岩石成因与地壳增生

晚石炭世—早二叠世在中亚南天山造山带形成了大量的花岗质侵入岩.中国境内这些岩体以晚石炭世Ⅰ型花岗岩、早二叠世Ⅰ型和S型花岗岩以及最晚期的A型花岗岩为代表.不同类型的岩石在源区特征和岩浆形成的温压条件上存在一定的差异,而这些差异性反映了该时期内构造环境的演化过程.本文选取铁列克岩体、盲起苏岩体、英买来岩体、川乌鲁杂岩体、...     

Sequential melting and fractional crystallization: Granites from Guarda-Sabugal area, central Portugal

Seven distinct phases of Variscan two-mica granite are recognized in the Guarda-Sabugal area. They intruded the Cambrian schist-metagraywacke complex, crystallized in the middle crust, and are syn- to late-D3 (309.2 ± 1.8 Ma), late-D3 (304–300 Ma) and late- to post-D3 (299 ± 3 Ma; ID-TIMS ages on zircon and monazite). Two of the granites, G2 and G5, are close in age and have similar Sr, Nd and O isotope characteristics but contrasting whole rock and mineral features and formed by sequential increasing degree of partial melting of a common metasedimentary protolith. During sequential melting Ti, total Fe, Mg, Ca, Zr, Zn, Sr, Ba and REE contents and (La/Yb)_N increase and Si and Rb contents decrease, plagioclase becomes richer in anorthite and biotite and muscovite richer in Ti and Mg. Each of these granites evolved subsequently by fractional crystallization of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite and ilmenite, defining separate series G2–G3–G7 and G5–G6 containing late Sn-bearing differentiates. Two other granites G1 and G4 represent distinct pulses of magma with individual fractionation trends for major and trace elements and distinct (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)₃₀₀, ?Nd₃₀₀ and δ¹⁸O values.     

流体不混溶性和流体包裹体

大多数流体包裹体是捕获于均匀体系,但有一部分包裹体捕获自非均匀体系(不混溶体系)。在自然界存在着许多不混溶的过程,这包括基性岩浆和酸性岩浆之间,岩浆与热液,岩浆与CO₂,盐水溶液与CO₂等。液体的不混溶性对于成矿作用十分重要,这方面有3个典型的例子,第一个是金矿的成矿作用与NaCl-H₂O-CO₂体系流体的不混溶有着重大的关系;第二个例子是斑岩铜矿;第三个例子是伟晶岩,发现在伟晶岩演化和成矿作用中存在着岩浆和热液的不混溶作用。实际上不混溶的大部分证据是从流体包裹体的研究中获得的。现在的问题是如何来确定哪些包裹体是从不混溶过程中捕获的。这种捕获于不混溶过程中的流体包裹体怎么来确定他的T_h和成分。这种捕获于不混溶过程中的流体包裹体怎么与"卡脖子"拉伸作用"中捕获的包裹体和捕获自均匀体系的流体包裹体相区分。     

南岭寨背和陂头花岗岩基属印支期侵位的岩浆动力学证据及构造意义

文章通过对南岭东段寨背和陂头岩基地质-岩石地球化学特征研究,判明它们的侵位深度(7.5 km)、围岩温度(250℃)及岩浆初始温度(950℃),建立起寨背-陂头岩基的数学计算模型,并计算得出:寨背和陂头花岗岩熔体侵位后,其初始温度降低至结晶温度所需的时间(Δtcol)分别为4.04 Ma(寨背岩基)和3.97 Ma(陂...     

吐格尔明背斜核部花岗岩的年代学、地球化学与构造环境及其对塔里木地块北缘古生代伸展聚敛旋回的揭示

塔里木盆地北缘库车坳陷东部地区吐格尔明背斜核部花岗岩发育,该套花岗岩侵位于以云母石英片岩为主的元古界基底岩系中,上覆的三叠系以角度不整合与其接触。本区花岗岩的研究对揭示库车地区的基底性质与构造演化历史具有重要意义。对吐格尔明花岗岩锆石的U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学的研究表明, 吐格尔明背斜核部的花岗岩锆石为典型岩浆成因锆石,其锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果分别为626.4±5.2Ma~643.3±4.0Ma,表明它们的形成时代为新元古代晚期埃迪卡拉纪早期。该套花岗岩的SiO₂ (67.95%~78.59%)和Al₂O₃ (11.81%~16.21%) 含量均很高,A/CNK在1.2~1.6,为硅和铝过饱和类型,属典型的过铝质花岗岩;稀土元素总量为106×10^-6~207×10^-6,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,具有明显的负Eu异常;高场强元素(Ta、Nb、Ti等)具有明显的负异常,大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr等) 具有明显的正异常。吐格尔明花岗岩是由地壳物质在底侵热源或构造动力作用下引起的局部熔融形成的,属典型的壳源成因类型,形成于挤压环境向伸展环境转化阶段,推测塔里木北缘在震旦纪已开始伸展,代表了古亚洲洋早期的伸展构造环境。实验测得花岗岩钾长石⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄平均为291.4~255.8Ma,代表了花岗岩的隆升剥蚀年龄,反映出吐格尔明花岗岩在二叠纪受到挤压发生剥露的过程。因而从年代学框架上更好地约束了塔里木地块北缘在古生代由伸展裂解到聚敛隆升的构造旋回。