新疆哈密星星峡花岗岩体动力侵位机制

星星峡复式花岗岩体侵位于塔里木板块北缘同准噶尔板块碰撞带内的坡子泉逆冲—走滑深大断裂带中。岩体平面上呈三角形,从中心向外侵入时间越来越老。岩体的侵位是由于坡子泉逆冲—走滑断裂在走向上发生变化,两侧位移量出现差异而造成三角形的虚脱空间,使岩浆乘虚侵入。     

Petrogenesis of granitoids from the Lachlan Fold Belt,southeastern Australia: The role of disequilibrium melting

S- and I-type granites from the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia, have been investigated to assess the role of disequilibrium melting in their petrogenesis. Differences between the median initial εHf compositions of magmatic zircon populations and the host bulk-rock (ΔεHf^blk-zrc) range from −0.6 to +2.5 ε units, providing evidence for intra-sample (and hence inter-phase) Hf-isotopic heterogeneity. Linear variations on Harker diagrams and O and Hf isotope compositions of magmatic zircon preserved in many I- and S-type granites are inconsistent with assimilation or simple mixing hypotheses. In contrast, isotopic disequilibrium between the melt and a restite assemblage can explain the bulk-rock versus zircon differences observed in these samples.Assuming that magmatic zircon records the melt composition, differences between the bulk-rock εHf and εHf of magmatic zircon (ΔεHf^blk-zrc values) measured for I-type granites (0.4–2.5) can largely be explained by disequilibrium amphibole dehydration melting of meta-igneous protoliths that were either isotopically heterogenous at the time they were formed, or perfectly homogeneous before being aged in the crust for 0.4–1.0 billion years prior to partial melting. The Currowong Suite exhibits petrographic features and preserves geochemical and isotopic compositions that do not lend themselves to simple restite model or magma mixing explanations; however, these observations could be explained by the restite unmixing of magma batches generated from a single source rock if, as modelling has suggested, separate batches contain different melt compositions.By investigating the application of disequilibrium melting to granite genesis, this study demonstrates that isotopic heterogeneity at various sampling scales should actually be expected for the production of granites from a single source, rather than necessitating the involvement of multiple sources and mixing processes. As a result great care should be taken in the interpretation of isotope data from granitic bulk-rocks or their zircons.     

青海共和盆地中三叠世花岗岩组合岩石成因:地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素约束

青海共和盆地位于青藏高原东北缘,以往有关共和盆地及邻区早-中三叠世岩浆岩成因机制的认识分歧较大,且研究主要集中在露头岩石方面。本文以共和盆地干热岩GR1井深部花岗岩岩芯样品作为研究对象,对其进行岩石学、长石电子探针、主微量元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Lu-Hf同位素研究。矿物组成及长石电子探针测试结果显示花岗岩主要为奥长花岗岩、英云闪长岩及花岗闪长岩。锆石U-Pb测年结果表明,奥长花岗岩的结晶年龄为236.5±1.7Ma,英云闪长岩的岩浆结晶年龄为241.6±3.0Ma。主、微量元素地球化学显示这些花岗岩主要为准铝质,属于高钾钙碱性系列。全岩Ta-Nb-Hf等不相容元素图解及锆石Hf同位素数据表明共和盆地的236.5~241.6Ma花岗岩显示火山弧及同碰撞花岗岩成分特征,说明中三叠世共和地区发生俯冲-碰撞转换。结合本文数据与区域背景资料,作者认为：共和盆地早-中三叠世花岗岩组合的形成与印支期宗务隆洋的南向俯冲作用密切相关,此时,在宗务隆-青海南山-西秦岭北缘存在统一的大陆边缘弧环境;在236~241Ma时发生俯冲-碰撞转换;晚三叠世时宗务隆-青海南山-西秦岭北缘已处于碰撞期和后碰撞期。     

Geochemistry and origin of organic-rich sediment veins in fractured granitic basement,Helmsdale, Sutherlandshire,UK

Black sediment veins up to 2 cm width penetrate the Caledonian Helmsdale Granite in the vicinity of the Helmsdale Fault, onshore Moray Firth. The black colour and geochemistry of the veins reflect a high content of organic carbon. Both Devonian and Jurassic shales are conceivable available sources, but sterane compositions relate the organic matter to the Jurassic shales. A content of extractable organic matter higher than in the shales suggests that the carbon in the veins represents oil rather than mechanically mobilized shale. The oil was present during sediment vein emplacement. The veins were emplaced forcefully, which may reflect high fluid pressure associated with post-Jurassic movement on the Helmsdale Fault.     

Formation of elongated granite–migmatite domes as isostatic accommodation structures in collisional orogens

The mid-Carboniferous Pelhřimov core complex, Bohemian Massif, is a crustal-scale elongated granite–migmatite dome interpreted to have formed by gravity-driven diapiric upwelling of the metapelitic middle crust. The vertical diapiric flow is evidenced by outward-dipping foliation and lineation patterns, deformation coeval with the widespread presence of melt, rapid exhumation of the dome center from depths corresponding to pressure of about 0.6 GPa to shallow levels (pressure less than 0.2 GPa) within 2 M.y., and kinematic indicators of downward return flow of the mantling rocks. As compared to common diapirs, however, the Pelhřimov complex exhibits a more complicated inferred strain pattern with two perpendicular, irregularly alternating directions of horizontal extension in what is interpreted as the diapir head. Comparison of structural data from migmatites with anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data in granites also reveals that only final increments of strain are recorded in the granites. The map dimensions and gravity image of the complex suggest that the diapiric upwelling affected a large portion of the orogen's interior between two microplates brought together during continental collision. The northwesterly microplate (the upper-crustal Teplá–Barrandian unit) collapsed vertically as an ‘elevator’ at around 346–337 Ma whereas the easterly microplate (Brunia) was underthrust beneath the Moldanubian rocks during ∼346–330 Ma (the indentor). It is suggested that these microplates then acted as cold and rigid margins localizing mid-crustal diapirism and associated voluminous S-type granite plutons inbetween, parallel to the edge of the Brunia indentor.We conclude that bringing together soft metapelitic middle crust with two rigid lithospheric blocks during collision resulted in significant lateral temperature and strength variations across the orogen's interior. A general conclusion from these inferences is that granite–migmatite domes delineating margins of collided microplates may form as crustal-scale structures accommodating late-orogenic isostatic reequilibration.     

甘肃大佛寺、金佛寺花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf-O同位素和全岩地球化学特征及地质意义

走廊过渡带大佛寺花岗岩为弱过铝质(A/CNK=1.03~1.06),SiO_2(76.7%~78.9%)、全碱(Na2O+K2O=7.7%~8.3%)、Rb(303×10~(-6)~383×10~(-6))、Nb(32×10~(-6)~42×10~(-6))、重稀土(Yb~8×10~(-6))含量以及和FeOT/MgO(6.3~7.6)、Ga/Al(3×10-4)、Rb/Ba(3.0~6.2)比值较高,MgO(~0.1%)、CaO(0.5%~0.6%)含量较低,Ba、Sr、Eu、Ti强烈亏损,属A型花岗岩,其源岩可能为泥质岩。大佛寺花岗岩中锆石δ18O和εHf(t)值分别为7.8‰~8.6‰(平均8.24±0.13‰)和-4.8~-2.0,Hf同位素两阶段亏损地幔模式年龄1540~1717Ma,岩浆温度达到~820℃以上。北祁连造山带北缘金佛寺花岗岩为过铝质(A/CNK=1.0~1.1),SiO_2(65.5%~75.0%)、MgO(0.6%~2.2%)、Fe2O3(1.9%~5.2%)、TiO_2(0.3%~0.8%)含量变化较大,其主量和微量元素特征与北祁连造山带的柴达诺花岗岩相似,源岩可能包括杂砂岩和角闪岩。金佛寺花岗岩的锆石δ18O为7.4%~9.7‰(平均8.03±0.36‰),εHf(t)在-0.5~+1.9之间,Hf同位素两阶段亏损地幔模式年龄为1289~1439Ma,岩浆温度达到800~900℃。走廊过渡带大佛寺花岗岩、北祁连造山带北缘金佛寺花岗岩的锆石U-Pb SIMS年龄分别为426.1±2.8Ma、424.0±1.6Ma,不同构造单元发育同时期岩浆活动以及A型花岗岩的出现,表明在~425Ma北祁连洋盆已经闭合,北祁连造山带及邻区进入到后碰撞拉伸阶段。     

越南西北部Posen花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成特征

本文报道出露于越南西北部的Posen花岗岩岩体锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成特征,讨论岩石成因和该地区新元古代岩浆作用的大地构造意义.分析3个花岗岩样品获得723Ma至760Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄,表明花岗岩形成于新元古代.该花岗岩的锆石Hf同位素组成有较大的变化范围,ε_(Hf)(t)值变化范围为-16.1至+3.4,单阶段Hf模式年龄为1186～1945Ma,暗示Posen花岗岩有着复杂的源区物源组成.在误差范围内,锆石两阶段Hf同位素模式年龄值主要集中在2.0～2.1Ga,与两阶段Nd同位素模式年龄值2.1～2.2Ga一致,说明花岗岩体主要由古元古代地壳物质部分熔融形成的.部分锆石颗粒具有正ε_(Hf)(t)值,可能指示花岗岩岩浆形成过程中存在壳-幔混合相互作用.在越南西北部发育新元古代岩浆作用可能与扬子板块广泛发育的、伴随Rodinia超大陆裂解过程的岩浆活动存在成因的联系,也揭示越南西北部地体可能与扬子板块具有亲缘关系,因此,可以推断马江断裂带应该代表印支板块和华南板块之间的古特提斯缝合带在越南西北部的延伸.     

Magmatic history and geophysical signature of a post-collisional intrusive center emplaced near a crustal-scale shear zone: the Plechý granite pluton (Moldanubian batholith,Bohemian Massif)

The Plechy pluton, southwestern Bohemian Massif, represents a late-Variscan, complexly zoned intrusive center emplaced near the crustal-scale Pfahl shear zone; the pluton thus provides an opportunity to examine the interplay among successive emplacement of large magma batches, magmatic fabric acquisition, and the late-Variscan stress field associated with strike-slip shearing. The magmatic history of the pluton started with the emplacement of the porphyritic Plechy and Haidmühler granites. Based on gravity and structural data, we interpret that the Plechy and Haidmühler granites were emplaced as a deeply rooted, ∼NE–SW elongated body; its gross shape and internal fabric (steep ∼NE–SW magmatic foliation) may have been controlled by the late-Variscan stress field. The steep magmatic foliation changes into flat-lying foliation (particularly recorded by AMS) presumably as a result of divergent flow. Magnetic lineations correspond to a sub-horizontal ∼NE–SW finite stretch associated with the divergent flow. Subsequently, the Třístoličník granite, characterized by steep margin-parallel magmatic foliation, was emplaced as a crescent-shaped body in the central part of the pluton. The otherwise inward-younging intrusive sequence was completed by the emplacement of the outermost and the most evolved garnet-bearing granite (the Marginal granite) along the southeastern margin of the pluton. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Mineralization,geochronology, and Pb isotope studies of the shoshonitic lava-hosted Nariniya Pb deposit,central Tibet: linking ore formation to post-collisional potassic magmatism

Abstract

A newly discovered, shoshonitic lava-hosted Pb deposit at Nariniya in central Tibet provides an excellent example to help improve our understanding of the linkage between post-collisional potassic magmatism and ore formation in Tibet. The Pb ores exist as veins or veinlets in NWW-striking fracture zones within the potassic lava (trachyte). The veins contain quartz, galena, pyrite, and sericite (muscovite) as well as minor chalcopyrite, sphalerite, calcite, and dolomite with sericitization, pyritization, and minor silicification. The ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar plateau age of the hydrothermal muscovite is 37.95 ± 0.30 Ma, which represents the Pb mineralization age. This obtained age is indistinguishable, within analytical error, from the zircon U–Pb age of 37.88 ± 0.22 Ma for potassic lava. Therefore, the ore formation can be genetically linked to potassic magmatism. Galena has similar Pb isotopic composition to magmatic feldspar from the host lava, suggesting the derivation of Pb from the magmatic system. Previous studies have suggested that S- and ore-forming fluids are of magmatic origin. Published data show that the Nariniya volcanic rocks are acidic, shoshonitic, akakitic, peraluminous, and enriched in Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes. Thus, they are geochemically different from other potassic volcanic rocks (no adakitic affinity) in the North Qiangtang terrane, but similar to the 46–38 Ma high-K calc-alkaline peraluminous adakitic rocks in this terrane and the late Eocene Cu-generating potassic porphyries from the Sanjiang region of eastern Tibet. As such, the Nariniya potassic magma likely originated from melting of subducted continental crust, with or without interaction with the overlying enriched mantle. Such post-collisional potassic rocks in Tibet are thought to be potential targets for prospecting of both Pb–Zn and porphyry Cu ores. Note that other ore styles (in addition to the Nariniya ore style) may exist in the potassic volcanic districts of Tibet.     

西南天山科桑溶洞新元古代-早奥陶世花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究

在新疆西南天山科桑溶洞地区,新厘定出一套斜长角闪岩-花岗岩地质单元:侵入斜长角闪岩中的新元古代白云母花岗岩(片麻状构造)、以及侵入上述古老岩石单元的早奥陶世花岗岩(块状构造)。片麻状白云母花岗岩中锆石具有热液锆石边、岩浆锆石幔和碎屑锆石核(边-幔-核结构),剔除被热液锆石和碎屑锆石混染的SHRIMP测点,获得岩浆锆石幔的加权平均年龄752.3±5.1Ma(MSWD=0.95),代表岩浆的结晶年龄。块状花岗岩的锆石具有边-核结构,热液锆石边的U-Pb年龄(419.5±5.7Ma)明显偏低。剔除热液锆石和碎屑锆石,获得岩浆锆石的平均U-Pb年龄481.1±4.4Ma(MSWD=0.88),代表花岗岩的结晶年龄。早奥陶世早期,岩浆侵入新元古代片麻状白云母花岗岩中。在晚志留世或者更晚时期,两类花岗岩共同经受了变质热液改造,变质流体交代岩浆锆石,导致锆石溶蚀再生长。