珠江口水体中铜与悬浮颗粒物相互作用的研究

使用无机离子交换法研究珠江口水体中铜与悬浮颗粒物的相互作用，测出钢与悬浮颗粒物相互作用的ｐＨ曲线呈Ｓ形，其分级离子交换等温线是一种新的“台阶”型；从分级离子交换理论求得分级平衡常数Ｋ１为５．０，Ｋ２为７８．１，珠江口水体中铜的表观络合容量为０．９２μｍ及其条件稳定常数为３．５×１０７。     

海南什统萤石矿床地质特征

什统萤石矿床位于海南省白沙拗陷带与五指山隆起的接触部位,是以断裂控矿为主的大型萤石矿床,其容矿构造为NE向张扭性断裂,成矿围岩为二长花岗岩和结晶灰岩.笔者以现场地质事实为依据,细致地研究该区的矿床地质特征,为今后的萤石矿床地质探矿提供了理论依据.     

中国主要类型铜矿勘查地球化学模型

本文是《中国主要类型铜矿隐伏矿地球化学预测指标研究》项目成果的综述。该项目以我国40多个铜矿床不同级次的地质、地球化学资料为基础,研究了斑岩型、夕卡岩型、复合型、岩浆型、海相火山岩型、沉积变质—热液改造型和热液脉型铜矿的矿带、矿田、矿床地球化学特征,总结了各矿床的地球化学异常模式,建立了各铜矿类型的勘查地球化学模式—模型系统。     

Geochemical Characteristics,Origin, and Evolution of Ore‐Forming Fluids of the Khut Copper Skarn Deposit,West of Yazd in Central Iran

The Khut copper skarn deposit is located at about 50 km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province in the middle part of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc. Intrusion of granitoid of Oligocene–Miocene age into carbonate rocks of the Triassic Nayband Formation led to the formation of marble and a calcic skarn. The marble contains high grade Cu mineralization that occurs mainly as open space filling and replacement. Cu‐rich sulfide samples from the mineralized marble are also anomalous in Au, Zn, and Pb. In contrast, the calcic skarn is only weakly anomalous in Cu and W. The calcic skarn is divided into garnet skarn and garnet–pyroxene skarn zones. Paragenetic relationships and microthermometric data from fluid inclusions in garnet and calcite indicate that the compositional evolution of skarn minerals occurred in three main stages as follows. (i) The early prograde stage, which is characterized by Mg‐rich hedenbergite (Hd_53.7Di_42.3–Hd_86.1Di_9.5) with Al‐bearing andradite (69.8–99.5 mol% andradite). The temperature in the early prograde skarn varies from 400 to 500°C at 500 bar. (ii) The late prograde stage is manifested by almost pure andradite (96.2–98.4 mol% andradite). Based on the fluid inclusion data from garnet, fluid temperature and salinity in this stage is estimated to vary from 267 to 361°C and from 10.1 to 21.1 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. Pyrrhotite precipitation started during this stage. (iii) The retrograde stage occurs in an exoskarn, which consists of an assemblage of ferro‐actinolite, quartz, calcite, epidote, chlorite, sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite that partially replaces earlier mineral assemblages under hydrostatic conditions during fracturing of the early skarn. Fluids in calcite yielded lower temperatures (T < 260°C) and fluid salinity declined to ～8 wt% NaCl equivalent. The last stage mineralization in the deposit is supergene weathering/alteration represented by the formation of iron hydroxide, Cu‐carbonate, clay minerals, and calcite. Sulfur isotope data of chalcopyrite (δ³⁴S of +1.4 to +5.2‰) show an igneous sulfur source. Mineralogy and mineral compositions of the prograde assemblage of the Khut skarn are consistent with deposition under intermediately oxidized and slightly lower fS₂ conditions at shallow crustal levels compared with those of other typical Fe‐bearing Cu–Au skarn systems.     

十红滩地浸砂岩铀矿层间氧化带蚀变矿物群

十红滩砂岩型铀矿床是我国大型层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿床之一。层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿含矿砂层在含氧含铀水的渗入径流过程中,由于水介质性状的变化,在与砂体发生水岩作用时形成了完全氧化带、不完全氧化带、还原带和原生带等不同地球化学亚带及其相对应的蚀变矿物群,即完全氧化带为褐铁矿(针铁矿、水针铁矿)、伊利石、蒙脱石、少量黄钾铁矾的蚀变矿物群;不完全氧化带为褐铁矿(针铁矿、水针铁矿)、黄钾铁矾、蒙脱石、伊利石、少量绿泥石、高岭石的蚀变矿物群;还原带为沥青铀矿、黄铁矿、高岭石、绿泥石、少量蒙脱石、伊蒙混层粘土、伊利石和碳酸盐等新生蚀变矿物群;原生带的新生蚀变矿物群以黄铁矿、绿泥石、高岭石为主,有时出现少量碳酸盐、蒙脱石和伊利石等。     

Diamonds from placers in western and central Africa: A problem of primary sources

This paper discusses diamonds and their accessory minerals from the Koidu kimberlites, placers on the Bafit River in Sierra Leone, and Chikapa placers in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Minerals from the placers are characterized by fine preservation and bear no evidence of long-term transportation. In placers, garnet, ilmenite and zircon have been found, but the specific features of their chemical composition do not coincide with those of minerals from kimberlites. Diamonds from the placers are of a mantle origin, but they have no direct analogs in the known kimberlite and lamproite pipes.     

红土型镍矿床成因的多样性：基于全球尺度的对比研究

红土型镍矿床是全球镍矿成因体系中资源储量最大的一类.为探讨红土型镍矿床成因机制的多样性,基于全球广域尺度,选择以载镍矿物为分类视角,开展铁氧化物型、水镁硅酸盐型和粘土型等3类矿床的对比研究.铁氧化物型矿床在矿化剖面上以铁质红土层为优势岩(土)相层,以针铁矿为主要载镍矿物,矿石中镍品位偏低但伴生钴矿化.矿床的成矿条件依赖于热带气候环境、稳定大地构造背景、纯橄榄岩母岩和剪切构造带等多种因素的集成耦合.强氧化和水解作用是载镍铁氧化物和氢氧化物发育的主要机制,镍在红土化过程中主要以类质同象进入低结晶度针铁矿晶格或被吸附的方式富集成矿;水镁硅酸盐型矿床以风化壳中出现厚大腐岩层为标志,以镍蛇纹石、镍滑石等水镁硅酸盐矿物为主要载镍矿物相,矿石多为高品位硅镁镍矿.矿床的发育严格受控于热带雨林或热带草原气候环境,与活跃大地构造背景及富镁橄榄岩母岩条件密切相关,属强淋滤表生作用的产物.离子交换作用和次生沉淀作用共同构成了水镁硅酸盐矿床发育的成矿机制;粘土型矿床以红土剖面中出现稳定的粘土矿物层为标志,局限于偏干旱的热带气候背景,与低缓的地形地貌、排水受阻的水文环境及蛇纹岩母岩条件等具有专属性联系,属未遭受充分表生淋滤作用的产物.镍与次生蒙脱石类矿物发生离子交换作用是粘土型矿床发育的主要机制.     

钦州湾-杭州湾构造结合带（南段） 地质演化和找矿方向

钦州湾-杭州湾结合带是位于扬子与华夏两大古陆块中间的巨型构造结合带。根据内部结构不均一性和演化历史的差异,钦-杭结合带可划分为3段：北（东）段、中段和南（西）段,分界线大致为北纬24°和北纬27°。中段与南岭带大体一致;北段指南岭以北地区,即绍兴-江山-萍乡一带;南段位于南岭以南区域,大致与云开-十万大山带相当。钦-杭结合带南段是华南大陆壳再造和矿产资源寻找的重要研究课题。它的地质演化与钦-杭结合带具有整体一致性,特别是具有一致的开-合历史。震旦系底部的粤西云浮大降坪块状硫化物矿床是海底喷流沉积的产物,它与信宜和陆川新元古代蛇绿岩等是南段洋壳存在的重要证据。在进一步的矿床勘查中,要重视斑岩型铜（钼）矿床的寻找。中酸性斑岩体来自于元古宙岛弧底部玄武质岩石（下地壳）在中生代时期的部分熔融,本质上该类矿床带有岛弧俯冲环境的基因。     

热液成因有色金属矿多维异常体系:以马头斑岩型钼铜矿为例

从深部矿地球化学勘查实际需求出发,根据近年来20余个矿床研究结果,总结提出了热液成因有色金属矿床矿致异常规律--多维异常体系。多维异常体系是指产出在特定成矿地质时期地质体中,空间有序共存、形成机理各异、成矿指向递进的多属性地球化学异常体系,将在斑岩型、矽卡岩型、热液型以及沉积改造型等与热液作用有关的有色金属矿产深部矿预测和评价中发挥重要作用。以安徽马头斑岩型钼铜矿为例,对该矿床多维异常体系进行了探讨。结果表明: 在该矿床中,存在着以Na₂O为代表的负异常体系、以S为代表的矿化剂元素异常体系、矿化剂元素S与Fe和成矿元素间协同平衡体系、成矿及其伴生元素异常体系等,这些异常体系对成矿的指示作用是递进的,从而证实了多维异常体系的存在。对应用多维异常体系思路预测和评价深部矿进行了说明。     

黄河壶口段全新世古洪水事件及其水文学研究

通过对黄河中游晋陕峡谷段的考察,在多个地点发现全新世古洪水滞流沉积层。选择壶口段左岸岩棚内典型的古洪水滞流沉积剖面进行沉积学和水文学研究。对于采集的全新世地层剖面序列样品,进行粒度成分、磁化率、烧失量、CaCO₃含量等分析,从沉积学角度证明了研究剖面所夹洪水沉积物为典型的古洪水滞流沉积物,记录了全新世两个时期的特大洪水事件。通过地层学对比分析和OSL测年,确定其分别发生在全新世早期-中期转折阶段,和中期-晚期转折阶段。利用沉积学和水文学原理恢复古洪水水位,计算出第一组古洪水洪峰流量为27490m³/s、27830 m³/s、28570 m³/s,第二组为40920m³/s。本文的研究发现全新世特大洪水事件,并且恢复了其水文特征数据,对于揭示黄河水文过程对于全球变化的响应规律具有重要的科学意义,对于水利工程建设具有重要的现实意义。