大兴安岭中南段布敦化铜矿床地质特征及成矿模式

大兴安岭中南段铜成矿带已探明铜矿床众多,矿化类型主要为热液脉型与斑岩型.布敦化铜矿床由于同时存在两种矿化类型而备受关注,然而针对该矿区内相邻两个矿段（金鸡岭、孔雀山）成矿特征差异性缘由尚未得到解释,有关该矿床成矿机制综合研究尚显薄弱,整体成矿模式亟待建立.在综合前人研究成果基础上,认为布敦化矿区如此小范围内存在两种矿化类型,有可能与晚侏罗世成矿阶段构造演化的不同相关。布敦化挤压带两侧地质体发生垂向位移,孔雀山矿段所在部位（上盘）相对上升,得以形成浅成高温热液脉型铜矿.（165±2）~151.95±0.73Ma,极有可能在金鸡岭矿段深部存在当时未上升的黑云母花岗闪长岩,其内、外接触带极有可能形成浸染状铜矿化,可以作为今后该矿段找矿方向.在上述认识基础上构建布敦化铜矿床成矿模式,为揭示大兴安岭中南段铜多金属成矿规律奠定基础.     

非洲中南部铜多金属矿床研究现状及找矿潜力分析

非洲中南部地区的铜资源主要分布在赞比亚、刚果(金)和南非等12个国家,笔者根据非洲陆壳的形成、后期新元古代泛非运动及古生代—新生代的沉积作用等影响,将除非洲大陆西北缘,从摩洛哥到突尼斯的阿特拉斯山脉以外的非洲大陆划分为Ⅰ级构造单元;以新元古代泛非运动作为标志将非洲陆块划分为西非克拉通、东北非克拉通、中非克拉通、南非克拉通和泛非构造带5个Ⅱ级构造单元;将中南部非洲地区划分为28个Ⅲ级构造单元。在此基础上,笔者将非洲大陆划分为Ⅰ级成矿域,中南部非洲划分为南非克拉通金-铁-锰-铬-镍-铀-金刚石成矿省、中非克拉通金-铜-铁-钨-锡-铌-钽-金刚石成矿省和泛非构造带成矿省3个Ⅱ级成矿省及32个Ⅲ级成矿区(带),其中12个成矿区(带)与铜矿床有关。从地质特征及矿床成因方面对主要成矿区(带)中代表性的沉积变质-改造型铜钴矿床、与镁铁—超镁铁岩侵入体有关的铜镍矿床、与绿岩带有关的铜矿床、与碳酸岩体有关的铜矿床和与灰岩有关的铜多金属矿床进行了系统的总结。在缺乏重点地区物化探资料的条件下,笔者根据非洲中南部铜资源分布的国家、构造单元的划分、成矿区(带)的划分及代表性矿床特征,将非洲中南部地区初步划分为5个铜多金属矿找矿潜力区,并进行了初步的找矿潜力分析。     

老挝铜矿资源与成矿预测

老挝已发现铜矿床7处,矿点44处,矿化点13处,异常点5处.重要矿床为班纳莫（Ban Namo）铜矿、富通（Phou Thung）铜矿、福康（Phu Khan）铜金矿、班南吞（Ban Namthong）铜矿、赛奔（Sepon）铜金矿及银水山（Pha Yinshui）铜矿.矿床成因类型分属沉积改造型、夕卡岩型、热液型、斑岩型.据地层条件、岩浆岩条件、构造条件、铜矿床（点）的分布情况,老挝划分出6个成矿远景区.其中万荣（Vangviang）一级成矿远景区、丰沙里-孟赛（Phongsali-Muang Xay）二级成矿远景区、巴色-沙玛奇赛（Pakse-Samakkhixay）二级成矿远景区较为重要.     

巴尔喀什成矿带博尔雷斑岩铜矿床地质特征与成矿时代

巴尔喀什成矿带是世界著名的中亚成矿域斑岩型铜钼成矿带, 产出许多大型-超大型斑岩型铜钼矿床和一些石英脉-云英岩型钨钼矿床。本文介绍了巴尔喀什成矿带博尔雷大型斑岩型铜(钼)矿床地质特征, 并对该矿床2件辉钼矿样品进行了铼-锇同位素分析, 得到博尔雷大型斑岩型铜(钼)矿床的辉钼矿模式年龄(平均值)为315.9 Ma, 说明了晚石炭世巴尔喀什成矿带斑岩型铜钼矿床的形成年龄, 属海西晚期构造-岩浆活动的产物。博尔雷斑岩铜矿成矿时代介于东天山与西准噶尔斑岩型铜矿床的成矿时代之间。      

吉林省洮南市聚宝铜矿床的地质特征、流体包裹体研究

吉林省洮南市聚宝铜矿床位于布敦花-长春岭构造成矿带上。矿区发现3个矿脉组,蚀变闪长玢岩和近南北向的断裂控制铜矿产出与分布。矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿、黄铁矿和辉铜矿,伴生金银。矿石以交代溶蚀结构和脉状、浸染状构造为特征。该矿床划分为4个成矿阶段：黄铁矿阶段、黄铜矿阶段、多金属阶段和碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,该矿床流体包裹体由气液两相和含子矿物三相包裹体组成。气液两相包裹体大小为6~8 μm,气液比为10%~20%,均一温度为163.8~364.0 ℃,多数为180~240 ℃,盐度（w(NaCl)）为1.05%~10.62%;含子矿物三相包裹体大小为5~10 μm,气液比为3%~6%,均一温度为270~367 ℃,w(NaCl)为35.89%~42.85%。流体包裹体密度为0.56~1.08 g/cm³,估算成矿压力为11.71~42.91 MPa,深度为1.12~3.0 km。初步确定该矿床为中温岩浆热液铜矿床,成矿与闪长玢岩有成因联系。     

Influence of Sungun copper mine on groundwater quality,NW Iran

Sungun mine is the largest open-cast copper mine in northwest of Iran and is in the primary stages of extraction. The influence of mining activity on the quality of regional groundwater has been taken in to consideration in this study. Accordingly, sampling was done from 22 springs in the study area. The concentrations of major anions and cations as well as Al, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Zn were determined for all 22 spring samples in mid-August 2005. The results showed that the concentrations of most of these elements were below the USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits; however, Al and Fe concentrations are considered to be more than limits in a couple of samples. Despite the fact that geological formations are highly weathered and fractured, the dissolution of minerals within the study area is low. This may be justified by the relatively high alkalinity of local underground water which keeps metals in solid phase and does not let them enter dissolved phase. Additionally, this may be attributed to the high velocity of groundwater flows, which do not give enough time for minerals to dissolve. Correlation coefficients among water chemistry components were determined and the weighted-pair group method was chosen for cluster analysis. Accordingly, high correlation among Al, Fe and Cr, Cd ,and Cu, sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and Na as well as total hardness (TH), Ca, and Mg were observed. The chemical characteristics of water compositions on the basis of major ion concentrations were evaluated on a Schoeller and Piper diagram. Accordingly, the dominant type of water in the region is considered to be Ca-HCO₃ (calcium-bicarbonate type). However, this type of water is also rich in Na, K, and especially Mg. Regarding Schoeller diagram, the current status of local underground water is good for drinking purposes. By commencing mining excavation with designed capacity in near future, the minerals will come into contact with air and water resulting in dissolution, especially in ponds, which, in turn, will increase the concentration of toxic metals in groundwater. Considering future uses of this water including for drinking, irrigation, industrial purposes, etc., precautions must be taken in to consideration.     

小寺沟铜钼矿成岩-成矿系统浅析

河北小寺沟斑岩铜钼矿是华北地区一个大型铜钼矿床。本文通过分析小寺沟岩体地质特征,认为本岩体为脉动式侵入的浅成复式岩体,呈岩枝状产出,且岩石具典型的斑状结构;通过剖析岩体主量元素与稀土元素特征,认为属典型的Ⅰ型花岗岩;综合分异指数、Mg#指数和无铕异常等多方面特征,认为结晶分异作用在斑岩岩浆演化中不占主导地位,而岩浆来源于下地壳部分熔融与加入的玄武质岩浆。以上特征均与斑岩型铜钼矿床含矿岩体相当。最后,通过矿床硫同位素及硫化物稀土元素特征的研究,利用对比分析法,揭示研究大型斑岩型矿床的要素。     

Geochemical signature of porphyries in the Baogutu porphyry copper belt, western Junggar, NW China

The Baogutu porphyry copper belt lies in the Darbut transitional island arc of the western Junggar, in the western section of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in NW China. Our new petrographic results for the ore-bearing porphyry stocks in the Baogutu porphyry copper belt recognize them as diorite porphyry stocks rather than the granodiorite porphyry stocks as previously identified. The copper mineralization is hosted in the diorite, diorite porphyries and related breccias of the diorite porphyry stocks.Geochemical data indicate that the ore-bearing porphyries have a predominantly intermediate composition with a transitional character from tholeiite to calc-alkaline, and are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE) with a clear negative Nb anomaly. REE patterns show distinct enrichments in LREE relative to HREE. The rocks also exhibit high initial εNd(t) (+ 2.7 to + 6.3) ratios and low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (0.70359–0.70397). Many samples are chemically similar to adakites (e. g. Yb < 1.9 ppm, Y < 18 ppm, Sr/Yb > 20, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr < 0.7045). These data are consistent with a transitional island arc from immature arc to mature arc and suggest that the ore-bearing porphyry system was derived from the partial melting of multiple sources including oceanic crust and a subduction-modified mantle wedge, with melts undergoing significant crystal fractionation during convergence between the paleo-Junggar ocean and the Darbut arc.     

矿床地质环境模型及其在江西德兴铜矿中的应用

探讨了矿床地质环境模型的概念、研究方法和研究内容,以德兴铜矿为例开展了矿床地质环境模型的示范研究。详细介绍了德兴铜矿开矿前的地质、微量元素地球化学特征和开矿前对环境释放的重金属元素总量等;通过野外采样和室内的数据分析研究了德兴铜矿开矿过程中的环境特征,以大坞河流域和4#尾砂库为研究对象,分析元素含量,结合元素形态分析、环境矿物学分析、室内污染物迁移模拟,详细论述了开矿过程中重金属元素对环境的影响;以关闭后复垦的1#尾砂库为部分功能区关闭之后环境特征的研究对象,建立了德兴铜矿床地质环境模型。     

冬瓜山层状铜矿成矿地质背景及成因

以冬瓜山层状铜矿床为例,通过成矿地质背景和矿床地质特征研究,探讨层状铜矿床成因。研究发现冬瓜山层状铜矿床是在原始矿胚层沉积基础上,经燕山期岩浆热液叠加成矿作用所形成层状铜矿床,成矿作用经历了两个成矿阶段：早阶段是由泥盆至石炭纪喷流沉积形成的块状硫化矿床,晚阶段受燕山期岩浆改造而形成的热液交代型矿床。