四川省青川玉石矿的地质特征及其找矿意义

青川石英质玉是近年在四川省发现的新玉石矿。玉石矿体赋存于新元古界通木梁群太阳坪组云母石英片岩中。玉石的矿物成分主要为石英、铬云母、铬绢云母,具显微细粒粒状、片状变晶结构,片状、条带状构造。玉石种类分为绿色和白绿色,具油脂光泽;矿体规模大、块度好,玉石品质佳、可加工性强,可制作手镯、摆件、挂件、雕件等。根据野外地质工作判断,青川石英质玉属于区域变质成因,青川玉石矿的发现填补了四川石英质玉的空白,对丰富区域成矿系列和拓展区域玉石矿找矿方向具有重要意义。     

石英脉型钨矿成矿研究进展

我国钨矿的储量、产量、消费量和出口量均处于全球领先地位,尤其是石英脉型钨矿床研究成果最为丰富。本文通过大量查阅国内外有关石英脉型钨矿的文献资料,对石英脉型钨矿的成矿研究成果和观点进行综合评述。石英脉型钨矿在我国各个成矿带均有分布,其空间分布和区域构造单元息息相关,所处的区域构造活动一般都很强烈,经历多次叠加构造运动。钨矿床产在震旦寒武系地层中,特别是在寒武系地层最多。成矿物质主要来源是岩浆热液,岩浆活动频繁为成矿热液的形成创造了必要的前提条件,但也有部分成矿物质源于围岩。石英脉型钨矿成矿模式以"五层楼+地下室"成矿模式最具影响力和实际意义,开创了模式找矿的先河。     

Cambrian wave‐dominated tidal‐flat deposits,central Wisconsin,USA

In central Wisconsin, Cambrian strata of the Elk Mound Group record deposition on open‐coast, wave‐dominated tidal flats. Mature, medium‐grained quartz arenite is dominated by parallel‐bedding with upper‐flow regime parallel‐lamination, deposited during high‐energy storms that also produced three‐dimensional bedforms on the flats. Abundant wave ripples were produced as storms waned or during fair weather, in water depths ≤2 m. Indicators of variably shallow water (washout structures and stranded cnidarian medusae) and subaerial exposure (adhesion marks, rain‐drop impressions and desiccation cracks, including cracked medusae) are abundant. Parallel‐bedded facies preserve a Cruziana ichnofacies, similar to other Cambrian tidal‐flat deposits. Flats were dissected by small, mainly straight channels, the floors of which were grazed intensely by molluscs. Most channels were ephemeral but some developed low levées, point bars and cut‐banks, probably reflecting stabilization by abundant microbial mats and biofilms. Channels were filled with trough cross‐bedding that is interpreted to have been produced mainly during storm runoff. The strata resemble deposits of open‐coast, wave‐dominated tidal flats on the east coast of India and west coast of Korea. Ancient wave‐dominated and open‐coast tidal flats documented to date appear to have been limited to mud‐rich strata with ‘classic’ tidal indicators such as flaser bedding and tidal bundles. The Cambrian (Miaolingian to early Furongian) Elk Mound Group demonstrates that sandy, wave‐dominated tidal flats also can be recognized in the stratigraphic record.     

敦煌金滩子金矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析

敦煌金滩子金矿床系20世纪70年代初,在区调工作中检查古代采矿遗迹时发现,80年代开展过普查,经2014~2015年详查提交的一处中型金矿床。矿区由梭子山、八卦图和金滩子3个矿段组成。金矿化受断裂破碎带控制,加里东晚期石英闪长岩为八卦图和金滩子矿段石英脉型金矿的赋矿岩石,华力西中期二长花岗岩为梭子山矿段蚀变岩型金矿的赋矿岩石。目前控制主矿体长151~320 m、斜深155~350 m、矿体平均品位7.61×10~(-6)~17.94×10~(-6),矿体延伸较稳定,金品位较高。黄铁矿、褐铁矿、石英、方解石为主要载体矿物。据对金滩子金矿各矿段深部矿化特点及走向上控矿因素的分析,认为该矿床具有较好的找矿前景。     

仙女山-九畹溪断裂带断层泥石英微形貌特征及其年代学意义

在仙女山-九畹溪断裂带野外地质调查的基础上采集12件断层泥样品,并对样品进行石英碎砾提取和扫描电镜微形貌观察。结果表明,仙女山断裂为一条以粘滑为主的活动断裂,最近一次较大规模的运动发生在中-晚更新世;九畹溪断裂带具有多期活动迹象,早期活动强于晚期,近期强烈活动在上新世至中更新世,为一条以粘滑运动为主的活动断裂。仙女山-九畹溪断裂带所构成的V型断裂组合表现为以仙女山断裂带为主导的构造格局。     

Simultaneous measurements of compressional wave and shear wave velocities, Poisson's ratio, and Vp/Vs under deep crustal pressure and temperature conditions: Example of silicified pelitic schist from Ryoke Belt, Southwest Japan

The ultrasonic technique for measuring travel times of compressional and shear waves using dual-mode transducers was adapted to a piston cylinder apparatus, allowing simultaneous measurements of travel times of compressional and shear waves of island arc samples under the high pressure and temperature conditions of island arcs. This method enables us to determine elastic properties and their pressure and temperature derivatives simultaneously. Furthermore, Vp/Vs can be directly determined from travel times of compressional and shear waves independently of length change due to compression or thermal expansion of rock samples under deep crustal conditions, providing more accurate Vp/Vs values than those determined from individual measurements of travel times of both elastic wave types using single-mode transducers. Experimental techniques and results are demonstrated using data on silicified pelitic schist from the Ryoke Belt to 0.6 GPa. The simultaneous measurement gives Vp  = 5.60 km/s, ∂ Vp /∂ P  = 0.090 (km/s)/GPa, Vs  = 3.37 km/s, ∂ Vs /∂ P  = 0.05 (km/s)/GPa, σ  = 0.216, and Vp / Vs  = 1.66 at ambient conditions. The temperature derivatives were constrained from fitting using linear functions of temperature, yielding ∂ Vp /∂ T  = −0.518 × 10⁻³ (km/s)/K and ∂ Vs /∂ T  = −0.182 × 10⁻³ (km/s)/K. Performing simultaneous measurements of travel times of compressional and shear waves using dual-mode transducers, it is possible to accurately determine Vp / Vs and Poisson's ratio of crustal minerals and rocks at deep crustal conditions to study the composition of the crustal interior, e.g. rock types and fluids below the hypocentral region of earthquakes or around bright spots.     

石英砂工业区内土壤剖面的磁学特征及其环境意义

对安徽凤阳石英砂工业区土壤剖面的磁学参数和SiO₂含量进行测试,结果显示：土壤剖面磁性矿物含量低,磁学性质由磁赤铁矿控制,土壤剖面由上而下可分成3个磁性层;从第一层到第三层磁性逐渐减弱;第三层磁学性质主要由成土母质决定,第一层存在明显的磁性增强现象,引起这种现象的原因可能是次生磁赤铁矿和燃烧作用。磁学参数和SiO₂含量显示土壤剖面的第一层已被弱磁性石英尾砂污染,在石英尾砂的稀释作用下,其磁性结构特征发生了改变,磁性矿物含量降低。土壤剖面的磁学参数组合特征及SiO₂含量反映了弱磁性石英尾砂对第一层土壤的污染过程。     

青藏高原东北缘若尔盖盆地黄土的成因

通过对盆地黄土的粒度组分、石英砂的表面结构以及其它地质现象的综合研究,对若尔盖盆地黄土成因进行了探讨.在黄土的概率累计曲线上,跃进组分和悬移组分反映明显,以悬移组分为主,并采用矩阵法计算了黄土的粒度参数.对黄土扫描电镜观察和石英颗粒表面特征的统计分析,反映出气流搬运的特点,以发育碟形坑为其主要标志,具有风成环境的表面特征组合.黄土中孢粉稀少,并在邻区黄土层中发现有冰楔构造.根据上述特征分析出,若尔盖盆地黄土应为冰缘风成黄土.以测年资料为依据,黄土形成年代主要为马兰期茶镇梁子黄土和离石期索克藏寺黄土.      

新疆包古图Ⅲ号岩体岩石学和锆石SHRIMP年代学研究

野外地质观测表明,包古图Ⅲ号岩体由两部分组成（北部的Ⅲ 1和南部的Ⅲ 2）,Ⅲ 1的岩性为花岗闪长岩和石英闪长岩,Ⅲ 2的岩性为石英闪长岩、闪长岩和少量辉石闪长岩。挑选Ⅲ 1岩体中部新鲜石英闪长岩样品,测得其锆石SHRIMP年龄为(313±3）Ma。包古图Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 1、Ⅳ、Ⅴ号岩体具有相似的形成时间,集中在310~325 Ma,成矿作用发生在岩浆演化的晚期（316~310 Ma）。     

Spinel–quartz high temperature paragenesis in Al–Fe granulites from the Ihouhaouene area (NW Hoggar, Algeria)

The spinel–quartz-bearing Al–Fe granulites from Ihouhaouene (In Ouzzal, West Hoggar) have a migmatitic appearance with quartzo-feldspathic layers intercalated with restitic layers. These granulites are characterized by a hercynitic spinel–quartz assemblage typical of high grade terranes. The stability of the spinel–quartz assemblage is attributed to an elevation of temperature (from 800 to >1100 °C) at high pressures (10–11 kbar), followed by an isothermal decompression from 9 to 5 kbar, an evolution typical of the In Ouzzal clockwise P–T path. The Al–Fe granulites’ history can be subdivided into different successive crystallisation stages. During the first stage, the spinel–quartz assemblage formed, probably following a prograde event that also produced partial melting. During a second stage, the primary spinel–garnet–sillimanite–quartz paragenesis broke-down to give rise to the secondary assemblage. The metamorphic evolution and phase relations during this stage are shown in P–T–X pseudosections calculated for the simple FMASH system. These pseudosections show that the orthopyroxene–cordierite–spinel symplectite appeared during a high temperature decompression, as a product of destabilisation of garnet in sillimanite-free microdomains with high X_Mg values. At the same time, the spinel–quartz association broke-down into cordierite in Fe-rich microdomains. Average pressure and temperature estimates for the orthopyroxene–spinel–garnet–cordierite–quartz association are close to the thermal peak of metamorphism (1000 ± 116 °C at 6.3 ± 0.5 kbar). With decreasing temperatures garnet–sillimanite corona developed from the breakdown of the primary spinel–quartz assemblage in the Fe-rich microdomains, whereas cordierite–spinel formed at the expense of primary sillimanite and garnet in the Mg-rich microdomains.