吉林双辽地区橄榄岩包体中熔体-岩石作用特征及其对地幔交代作用的启示

吉林双辽地区古近纪玄武岩中一方辉橄榄岩包体记录了上地幔交代作用的信息。原生斜方辉石被交代成因的单斜辉石和橄榄石所围绕,或形成反应边结构,或斜方辉石残留在次生单斜辉石中。这些反应结构仅出现在尖晶石的周围。电子探针分析表明次生单斜辉石具有高Mg#、Cr#和CaO/Al2O3比值,次生橄榄石高Mg#、CaO和Cr2O3,被交代的尖晶石边部高Cr#、CaO。由于交代作用并未影响橄榄岩体系的Mg#,而且熔体-岩石反应结构指示Opx(斜方辉石) Sp(尖晶石) 熔体(Ⅰ)→Cpx(单斜辉石) Ol(橄榄石) 熔体(Ⅱ),结合实验以及文献资料,认为双辽地区的岩石圈地幔受到了硅酸盐熔体的交代。这种交代导致橄榄岩中斜方辉石逐渐减少,单斜辉石和橄榄石逐渐增加,从而使方辉橄榄岩渐变成易剥橄榄岩。这种交代现象可能发生在软流圈-岩石圈接触带上的熔-岩反应区,暗示了在古近纪双辽地区岩石圈减薄和软流圈上涌导致的软流圈-岩石圈的相互作用仍在继续。     

Water level fluctuations due to earthquakes in Koyna-Warna region,India

Earthquakes cause a variety of hydrological phenomena, including changes in the ground water levels in bore wells. The Koyna region in the peninsular shield of India, hitherto considered stable in terms of seismic activity, has been active since 1967. More recently, the earthquakes have been localized to the newly impounded Warna reservoir, which is located south of Koyna, where a burst of seismicity occurred in 1993. The region continues to remain seismically active even after four decades. Twenty-one bore wells were drilled around the seismic source volume in the region to observe water level changes resulting from earthquake phenomena. Our studies have shown coseismic anomalous water level changes to be associated with the moderate earthquakes of April 25, 1997 and February 11, 1998. Our results show that changes in the ground water level in bore wells are correlated with micro-earthquake activity, both preceding and following moderately sized earthquakes. The results have implications in enhancing our understanding of earthquake mechanisms.     

志丹油田正356井区三叠系延长组长6储层特征研究

针对志丹油田正356井区长6油层段，对其储层岩石学、储层物性、孔隙结构及储层控制因素等进行了研究。该层段储层岩石类型主要为岩屑长石砂岩和长石砂岩，成分成熟度低，结构成熟度高；岩石物性总体较差，属低孔、低渗储层，发育粒间孔隙、溶蚀孔隙、晶间孔等孔隙类型，喉道以细喉-微喉为主；沉积作用发生后，成岩作用控制着储层孔隙结构特征及储层物性。根据岩性和物性特征，该区储集岩分为3类：Ⅰ类为好储集层，Ⅱ类为较好储集层，Ⅲ类为较差储集层。     

江西永平铜矿花岗质岩石的岩石结构、地球化学特征及其成矿意义

江西永平铜矿位于华南怀玉山—北武夷山铜铅锌多金属成矿带内,是赣东北地区除了德兴铜矿外的另一个大型铜矿基地。该矿区存在两种类型的花岗质岩石,一种是花岗岩;另一种是英安斑岩。英安斑岩具有典型斑状结构和石英眼结构,而花岗岩则具有单向固结结构。在化学成分上,两者属于高钾的钙碱性系列岩石,英安斑岩贫硅、富Al、Fe、Mg、Ca,以及具有较大的Na_2O/K_2O(0.02～0.64)等特点;而花岗岩富硅、贫Al、Ca,以及富碱和具有较小的Na_2O/K_2O(0.02～0.03)等特点。两种类型的岩石具有一致的REE配分曲线。它们均富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、Rb、K),亏损高场强元素(Th、Nd、Ta、Ti)以及元素Sr和P,显示了与俯冲作用有关的岩浆作用。在结构和化学成分上,花岗岩则类似于美国Climax斑岩钼(铜)矿成矿斑岩的性质(如具有单向固结结构、较高的分异指数、富Si、贫Al、Ca、富Na_2O K_2O以及K_2O>Na_2O)。与英安斑岩有关的蚀变作用主要有夕卡岩化、黑云母化、白云母化、绿泥石化和萤石化,而与花岗岩有关的蚀变作用主要是白云母化和萤石化;相应地,与英安斑岩有关的成矿作用主要为铜,而与花岗岩有关的成矿作用则主要为钼。2件辉钼矿样品的Re-Os年龄分别为156.7±2.8Ma和155.7±3.6Ma,表明与花岗岩有关的钼成矿作用发生在156Ma左右。本文认为,永平铜钼矿的成矿地球动力学背景应是由挤压向伸展的转换环境。     

影响龙泉矿井采煤方法的地质因素分析

太原煤炭气化集团有限责任公司龙泉矿井是新建的大型现代化矿井，依据该矿井大部分钻孔揭露的煤层厚度大于6．0m．在综合分析该矿井开采深度，煤层厚度、煤层结构、夹矸层数及其硬度和厚度、煤层顶板岩性及其厚度、煤岩体裂隙发育程度等地质因素基础上，考虑瓦斯聚积程度及煤尘量等影响因素，对长壁综采分层开采法、综采一次采全高采煤法和长壁综采放顶煤采煤法三个采煤方案进行优选，最终选定该矿采用长壁综采放顶煤采煤方法，依靠地压破煤及自重放煤．提高厚煤层的回收率。     

Problems in predicting the mobility of slow-moving landslides

This paper discusses problems in predicting the mobility of slow-moving landslides. Three case studies are presented here where research has been carried out by the Utrecht University: The La Valette landslide complex in the French Alps, the La Mure landslide in the French pre-Alps near Grenoble and the Hau landslide in Switzerland.To predict field velocities of these slow-moving landslides the viscosity parameters of the material of these landslides were determined by strain-controlled tests in a ring shear apparatus based on Bishop's design at Utrecht University. The viscosity parameters from the laboratory proved to be 10 to 1000 times lower than viscosities obtained from back analyses on the observed velocities in the field. This discrepancy may be explained by the development of negative pore pressures when the plastic material slides over a rigid, wavy slip surface and/or by convergent flow effects. The associated gain in strength results in a higher apparent viscosity.A more detailed analysis is made for the movements of the La Valette landslide. Observed velocities at the La Valette landslide are difficult to describe by one parameter set as the response to a change in groundwater level is not the same during a rise or fall in the piezometric level. This deviation may be explained by rapid changes in total stresses and consequently changes in pore pressure under (partly) undrained conditions. The emerging hysteresis with local and temporal variations in pore pressure makes it difficult to predict in detail the moving pattern of landslides.     

多桩段工程边坡3维建模方法研究

使用多桩段边坡的角点数据插值生成边坡场景的地形数据，运用OpenGL的自动化技术实现了多桩段边坡的3维建模。使用分块纹理映射的方法，克服了OpenGL渲染机对影像纹理大小的限制。应用低分辨率纹理映射和选择边坡增强纹理分辨率的映射的方法实现了场景的快速建立和漫游，解决了对多桩段边坡的大场景渲染效率与分析时需要的视觉效果的冲突问题。研究成果能够被用于实际工程中，为边坡的辅助设计提供了支持。     

真实感水面波浪模型算法的研究与实践

研究了虚拟地形环境中3维水面波浪模型的基本建模及效果的实现。同时提出几种不同的海浪模型,重点对规则海浪模型算法进行了研究。为满足显示的实时性,在优化算法的同时,采用计算和显示分开的策略。既满足了显示质量的要求,又满足了大量高精度波浪数据的要求。     

基于Tree Augmented Naive Bayes Classifier的影像纹理分类

提出了一种松弛方法，允许类别节点下的相邻子节点之间存在相关关系（有向边），这种方法称为树增强型简单贝叶斯分类器（tree augmented naive Bayes classifier，TAN）。实验结果表明，TAN比简单贝叶斯分类器（naive Bayes classifier，NBC）可以获得更高的分类精度。     

非参数吉布斯模型和多波段遥感影像纹理分割方法研究

提出了一种新型的基于概率的非参数Gibbs模型，并建立了光谱空间-二维影像空间的映射关系，通过多级光谱编码策略实现了多波段遥感影像的纹理分割。