语域理论与大学英语教学

通过对语域理论及其实践应用的分析,认为大学英语教学必须:1)培养语域意识,提高学生的语境和语言敏锐性;2)以情景为起点,训练学生在不同语境下的语言能力;3)以动态语域观,培养学生选择与转变语域能力;4)培养语体分析能力,提高学生欣赏文学作品的水平。     

Using open‐ended geographic information system assessments to allow students to construct relevant geographies given the internationalisation of tertiary education in New Zealand

The geospatial skills shortage in New Zealand requires the development of more undergraduate geographic information system (GIS) courses. However, the internationalisation of New Zealand's tertiary education system has resulted in an increasingly diverse tertiary student population, which makes it challenging to teach GIS in a way that maximises relevance to all tertiary students. One approach to this challenge is to make use of the recent proliferation of openly available GIS data, and to internationalise GIS curricula by using open‐ended assessments that provide students with the opportunity to learn GIS by constructing their own geographies of relevance.     

Religious Diversity and Religious Participation in U.S. Jewish Communities

This article examines variations in Jewish denominational identification (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Just Jewish) among fifty-five U.S. Jewish communities completing local Jewish community studies from 1993 through 2011. We relate these variations to levels of religious and ethnic participation, contributing to the literature on how and whether religious pluralism relates to religious and ethnic participation. First, five denominational clusters are created via k-means cluster analysis (high Orthodox; equal, except Orthodox; high Reform; high Reform/low Just Jewish; and high Just Jewish). We then examine differences in geographic and demographic factors and in levels of religious participation among these denominational clusters. Second, various indexes of Jewish denominational diversity (index of dissimilarity, Shannon Index, Simpson Index, and largest group) are developed. The relationship of the level of Jewish denominational diversity to religious and ethnic participation is explored. The basic finding is that more Jewish denominational diversity does result in higher levels of religious participation but not ethnic participation.     

地质调查智能空间体系与架构

为构建新一代信息技术下的智能地质调查体系,把数字地质调查方式提升到地质调查过程智能化方式,本文以云计算、云GIS和Hadoop生态体系为基础,针对地质调查数据采集、数据分析处理、数据交换传输、三维建模、信息泛在服务和业务管理过程的环节,指出地质调查智能空间建设是智能地质调查的核心内容,提出了天地空一体化的地质调查智能空间体系、架构和应用模式,并在实际工作中对其关键技术进行了成功验证和示范。     

顾及上下文的空间信息服务组合语义匹配方法

提出了一种顾及上下文的空间信息服务组合语义匹配方法。该方法根据空间信息服务组合的特点,充分考虑了空间信息组合服务对内部抽象原子服务匹配的约束,以及匹配过程中各抽象原子服务上下文之间的相互影响,应用回溯算法思想准确有效地将抽象的空间信息服务组合模型转换为工作流引擎可执行的空间信息服务链。     

Semantic Visual Variables for Augmented Geovisualization

ABSTRACT

The human–cyber–physical world produces a considerable volume of multi-modal spatio-temporal data, thus leading to information overload. Visual variables are used to transform information into visual forms that are perceived by the powerful human vision system. However, previous studies of visual variables focused on methods of ‘drawing information’ without considering ‘intelligence’ derived from balancing ‘importance’ and ‘unimportance’. This paper proposes semantic visual variables to support an augmented geovisualization that aims to avoid exposing users to unnecessary information by highlighting goal-oriented content over redundant details. In this work, we first give definitions of several concepts and then design a semiotic model for depicting the mechanisms of augmented geovisualization. We also provide an in-depth discussion of semantic visual variables based on a hierarchical organization of the original visual variables, and we analyse the critical influencing factors that affect the choice of visualization forms and visual variables. Finally, a typical application is used to illustrate the relevance of this study.     

Mining query-driven contexts for geographic and temporal search

The explosive growth of geographic and temporal data has attracted much attention in information retrieval (IR) field. Since geographic and temporal information are often available in unstructured text, the IR task becomes a non-straightforward process. In this article, we propose a novel geo-temporal context mining approach and a geo-temporal ranking model for improving the search performance. Queries target implicitly ‘what’, ‘when’ and ‘where’ components. We model geographic and temporal query-dependent frequent patterns, called contexts. These contexts are derived based on extracting and ranking geographic and temporal entities found in pseudo-relevance feedback documents. Two methods are proposed for inferring the query-dependent contexts: (1) a frequency-based statistical approach and (2) a frequent pattern mining approach using a support threshold. The derived geographic and temporal query contexts are then exploited into a probabilistic ranking model. Finally, geographic, temporal and content-based scores are combined together for improving the geo-temporal search performance. We evaluate our approach on the New York Times news collection. The experimental results show that our proposed approach outperforms significantly a well-known baseline search, namely the probabilistic BM25 ranking model and state-of-the-art approaches in the field as well.     

语篇、语境与中国古典哲学概念的英译

从语篇分析和语境角度探讨中国典籍中的一些概念的翻译，汉译英时对原文概念内涵与外延的理解应注意原文语篇意旨。译例证明：通过语篇分析和对语境的考虑，选择适当的译语表达源语概念是成功解决像《论语》和《庄子》这类中国古籍中概念翻译问题的有效途径。     

Context-awareness in similarity measures and pattern discoveries of trajectories: a context-based dynamic time warping method

Analyzing the spatial behaviors of moving-point objects (MPOs) and discovering their movement patterns have been of great interest to the geographic information science community recently. These interests can be explored through analyzing similarities in the MPO trajectories. Because movements of objects take place in various contexts, their trajectories are also highly influenced by such contexts. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the contexts and to realize how they can be incorporated into movement analysis. This article first proposes a taxonomy for contexts. Then, a modified version of dynamic time warping called context-based dynamic time warping (CDTW) is introduced, to contextually assess the multidimensional weighted similarities of trajectories. Ultimately, the results of similarity searches are utilized in discovering the relative movement patterns of the MPOs. To evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our proposed CDTW method, we run several experiments on real datasets that were obtained from commercial airplanes in a constrained Euclidean space, taking into account contextual information. Specifically, these experiments were conducted to explore the role of contexts and their interactions in similarity measures of trajectories. The results yielded the robustness of CDTW method in quantifying the commonalities of trajectories and discovering movement patterns with 80% accuracy. Moreover, the results revealed the importance of exploiting contextual information because it can enhance and restrict movements.     

Preference for Grassland Heterogeneity: Implications for Biodiversity in the Great Plains

The Great Plains of the United States is a grassland region managed primarily for homogeneity associated with production agriculture. The resulting decline of obligate fauna makes enhancing biodiversity an increasingly important ecological goal. A survey was administered to land managers and the general population in ranching regions of Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and the Texas Panhandle. This research explores the preferred characteristics of privately owned grasslands among ranchers and the general population for vegetation structure and biodiversity. Results indicate a knowledge gap between biodiversity and the vegetation heterogeneity required to support it. Preference for grassland structure is seen as a sociocultural driver of decisions on management practices that constrain adoption of heterogeneity management. Conserving biodiversity and enhancing ecosystem services provided by heterogeneous grasslands can be accomplished by demonstrating that conservation advantages of heterogeneity and production agriculture are compatible.